The role of the transcription factor NF-κB in shaping the cancer microenvironment is becoming increasingly clear. Inflammation alters the activity of enzymes that modulate NF-κB function, and causes extensive change...The role of the transcription factor NF-κB in shaping the cancer microenvironment is becoming increasingly clear. Inflammation alters the activity of enzymes that modulate NF-κB function, and causes extensive changes in genomic chromatin that ultimately drastically alter cell-specific gene expression. NF-κB regulates the expression of cytokines and adhesion factors that control interactions among adjacent cells. As such, NF-κB fine tunes tissue cellular composition, as well as tissues' interactions with the immune system. Therefore, NF-κB changes the cell response to hormones and to contact with neighboring cells. Activating NF-κB confers transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity to a cell and thereby enables profound local changes in tissue function and composition. Research suggests that the regulation of NF-κB target genes is specifically altered in cancer. Such alterations occur not only due to mutations of NF-κB regulatory proteins, but also because of changes in the activity of specific proteostatic modules and metabolic pathways. This article describes the molecular mode of NF-κB regulation with a few characteristic examples of target genes.展开更多
Objective:To determine the growth pattern of girls with idiopathic precocious puberty (IPP) from birth until diagnosis.Study design:We studied 47 girls with IPP and 35 control girls. In each subject,height and weight ...Objective:To determine the growth pattern of girls with idiopathic precocious puberty (IPP) from birth until diagnosis.Study design:We studied 47 girls with IPP and 35 control girls. In each subject,height and weight were measured at diagnosis,whereas data on height from birth until diagnosis were taken from the personal health book of the patient. Height standard deviation score (HSDS) and body mass index SDS were calculated. Results:Mean age (±SD) of the girls with IPP was 7.6 (1.1) years and of control girls was 7.5 (0.9) years.At birth,HSDS of the patients with IPP was -0.01 (0.8); at the age of 2 years,0.42 (1.2); at the age of 4 years,0.64 (1.1); and at diagnosis,1.23 (1.7) (P < 0.001). HSDS of control girls was 0.02 (0.8) at birth,0.25 (0.8) at 2 years,0.12 (0.9) at 4 years,and 0.19 (1.1) at assessment (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference between body mass index SDS of the patients 0.6(1.1) versus that of control girls 0.5 (1.0). Conclusions:The early growth acceleration pattern may be used as an additional clue to the diagnosis of idiopathic precocious puberty.展开更多
文摘The role of the transcription factor NF-κB in shaping the cancer microenvironment is becoming increasingly clear. Inflammation alters the activity of enzymes that modulate NF-κB function, and causes extensive changes in genomic chromatin that ultimately drastically alter cell-specific gene expression. NF-κB regulates the expression of cytokines and adhesion factors that control interactions among adjacent cells. As such, NF-κB fine tunes tissue cellular composition, as well as tissues' interactions with the immune system. Therefore, NF-κB changes the cell response to hormones and to contact with neighboring cells. Activating NF-κB confers transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity to a cell and thereby enables profound local changes in tissue function and composition. Research suggests that the regulation of NF-κB target genes is specifically altered in cancer. Such alterations occur not only due to mutations of NF-κB regulatory proteins, but also because of changes in the activity of specific proteostatic modules and metabolic pathways. This article describes the molecular mode of NF-κB regulation with a few characteristic examples of target genes.
文摘Objective:To determine the growth pattern of girls with idiopathic precocious puberty (IPP) from birth until diagnosis.Study design:We studied 47 girls with IPP and 35 control girls. In each subject,height and weight were measured at diagnosis,whereas data on height from birth until diagnosis were taken from the personal health book of the patient. Height standard deviation score (HSDS) and body mass index SDS were calculated. Results:Mean age (±SD) of the girls with IPP was 7.6 (1.1) years and of control girls was 7.5 (0.9) years.At birth,HSDS of the patients with IPP was -0.01 (0.8); at the age of 2 years,0.42 (1.2); at the age of 4 years,0.64 (1.1); and at diagnosis,1.23 (1.7) (P < 0.001). HSDS of control girls was 0.02 (0.8) at birth,0.25 (0.8) at 2 years,0.12 (0.9) at 4 years,and 0.19 (1.1) at assessment (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference between body mass index SDS of the patients 0.6(1.1) versus that of control girls 0.5 (1.0). Conclusions:The early growth acceleration pattern may be used as an additional clue to the diagnosis of idiopathic precocious puberty.
