Objective: To review the literature for the emerging oral anticoagulants, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban currently available in the United States. Data Source: A literature review was performed in MEDLINE (1947...Objective: To review the literature for the emerging oral anticoagulants, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban currently available in the United States. Data Source: A literature review was performed in MEDLINE (1947–July 2014) using the keywords atrial fibrillation AND dabigatran OR rivaroxaban OR apixaban. The references identified from the literature review were then evaluated. All of the literature retrieved from MEDLINE that was published as an original clinical trial was included in this review. Other pertinent articles published related to the original clinical trials were also considered. The references included in this review were limited to studies conducted in humans and written in the English language. Conclusion: The new oral anticoagulant agents have demonstrated benefit over warfarin. The pharmacologic profiles of the newer agents are predictable, with rapid onsets of action. The newer agents are also more convenient for patients since they do not require regular INR monitoring. Although there are many advantages to the newer agents, a patient evaluation must be considered prior to initiating them.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus continues to be a major health issue worldwide. Despite all of the treatment options available on the market, many patients with diabetes fail to reach their treatment goals. Novel agents such as the...Diabetes mellitus continues to be a major health issue worldwide. Despite all of the treatment options available on the market, many patients with diabetes fail to reach their treatment goals. Novel agents such as the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show promise in effectively lowering blood glucose. Objective: To review the scientific literature for efficacy information regarding the use of approved SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A MEDLINE (1950-August 2014) literature review was performed. All of the literature published as an original clinical trial was included in this review. Other pertinent articles published related to the original clinical trial were also included. Meta-analysis type studies were not selected for this review. Conclusions: With an increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide, there is an apparent need for effective therapeutic strategies to combat this chronic and progressive disease. SGLT2 inhibitors offer this potential. Recently approved agents (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) have shown significant promise as mono- and add-on therapy to current glucose-lowering regimens that may not otherwise be providing sufficient glycemic control in T2DM patients.展开更多
文摘Objective: To review the literature for the emerging oral anticoagulants, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban currently available in the United States. Data Source: A literature review was performed in MEDLINE (1947–July 2014) using the keywords atrial fibrillation AND dabigatran OR rivaroxaban OR apixaban. The references identified from the literature review were then evaluated. All of the literature retrieved from MEDLINE that was published as an original clinical trial was included in this review. Other pertinent articles published related to the original clinical trials were also considered. The references included in this review were limited to studies conducted in humans and written in the English language. Conclusion: The new oral anticoagulant agents have demonstrated benefit over warfarin. The pharmacologic profiles of the newer agents are predictable, with rapid onsets of action. The newer agents are also more convenient for patients since they do not require regular INR monitoring. Although there are many advantages to the newer agents, a patient evaluation must be considered prior to initiating them.
文摘Diabetes mellitus continues to be a major health issue worldwide. Despite all of the treatment options available on the market, many patients with diabetes fail to reach their treatment goals. Novel agents such as the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show promise in effectively lowering blood glucose. Objective: To review the scientific literature for efficacy information regarding the use of approved SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A MEDLINE (1950-August 2014) literature review was performed. All of the literature published as an original clinical trial was included in this review. Other pertinent articles published related to the original clinical trial were also included. Meta-analysis type studies were not selected for this review. Conclusions: With an increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide, there is an apparent need for effective therapeutic strategies to combat this chronic and progressive disease. SGLT2 inhibitors offer this potential. Recently approved agents (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) have shown significant promise as mono- and add-on therapy to current glucose-lowering regimens that may not otherwise be providing sufficient glycemic control in T2DM patients.
