Flow behavior was observed in a simplified model cavity of a multiphase High Level Liquid Waste (HLLW) reprocessing glass melter. Electrodes were set to generate Joule-heating flow in the cavity. A chaotic flow occurr...Flow behavior was observed in a simplified model cavity of a multiphase High Level Liquid Waste (HLLW) reprocessing glass melter. Electrodes were set to generate Joule-heating flow in the cavity. A chaotic flow occurred because the lower part of the cavity was heated while the top surface of the cavity was cooled. Downflow and upflow occurred alternately in cavities. The shape of the cavity was a sloping bottom cavity, which was similar in shape to the real glass melter. To know the flow behavior in the cavity, 1-D flow behavior and 2-D flow behavior were measured in an experiment and simulated by an original CFD code. In the sloping bottom cavity, chaotic flow occurred in the upper part of the cavity. In the case of the sloping bottom cavity which had the same set of electrodes as the glass melter, the effect of the downflow near the electrodes decreased. The same phenomena could be predicted in the melter. The experimental results were also used to validate the CFD code, which will be helpful for developing a multiphase Joule-heating flow predicting.展开更多
The current basic energy plan of Japan was authorized in the Cabinet in June 2010, in which ambitious energy and environmental targets and policies giving nuclear power a pivotal role toward 2030 were described. At pr...The current basic energy plan of Japan was authorized in the Cabinet in June 2010, in which ambitious energy and environmental targets and policies giving nuclear power a pivotal role toward 2030 were described. At present, the Japanese government has been forced to review the basic energy plan in the wake of the great east Japan earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011 followed by the severe accident at the nuclear power plants in Fukushima. Before the disaster, the IAE （institute of applied energy） had realized that it was not clear how CO2-free hydrogen would contribute to solving various energy and environmental issues, or that prospects were not clear for large demand of CQ-free hydrogen other than FCVs （fuel cell vehicles）. In this connection, the authors organized a voluntary ＂Concept Study Group （in short）＂ in March 2011 and held four meetings until the end of March 2012. Through the quantitative studies using IAE＇s simulation model （GRAPE）, the common recognition was built in the concept study group that hydrogen could contribute to energy security and increase in zero-emissions electric power ratio in Japan. It was also estimated that global CO2-free hydrogen supply chains could be realized by degrees after 2020. Based on these results, the authors made a proposal that hydrogen should be added in the primary energy constitution for new basic energy plan to the Japanese government because imported hydrogen could be considered as a pseudo-primary energy like LNG （liquefied natural gas）. Now, the succeeding ＂Action Plan Study Group （in short）＂ has been held focusing on hydrogen demand in various applications, future pictures of CO2-free hydrogen chains and road maps. Activity results of the ＂Concept Study Group＂ are shown here.展开更多
The successful development of hydrogen-energy technologies has several advantages and benefits.Hydrogen-energy development could prevent global warming as well as ensure energy security for countries without adequate ...The successful development of hydrogen-energy technologies has several advantages and benefits.Hydrogen-energy development could prevent global warming as well as ensure energy security for countries without adequate energy resources.The successful development of hydrogen would provide energy for transportation and electric power.It is a unique energy carrier,as it can be produced from various energy sources such as wind,fossil fuels and biomass and,when it is combusted,it emits no CO_(2)emissions.The other advantage is the wide distribution of resources globally that can be used to produce hydrogen.In Japan,the Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry(METI)published a‘Strategic Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells’in 2014,with a revised update published in March 2016.The goal of the roadmap is to achieve a hydrogen society.The roadmap aims to resolve technical problems and secure economic efficiency.The roadmap has been organized into the following three phases:Phase 1-Installation of fuel cells;Phase 2-Hydrogen power plant/mass supply chain;Phase 3-CO_(2)-free hydrogen.This paper reports on the current status of fuel cells and fuel-cell vehicles in Japan and gives a description and status of the R&D programmes along with the results of global energy model study towards 2050.展开更多
文摘Flow behavior was observed in a simplified model cavity of a multiphase High Level Liquid Waste (HLLW) reprocessing glass melter. Electrodes were set to generate Joule-heating flow in the cavity. A chaotic flow occurred because the lower part of the cavity was heated while the top surface of the cavity was cooled. Downflow and upflow occurred alternately in cavities. The shape of the cavity was a sloping bottom cavity, which was similar in shape to the real glass melter. To know the flow behavior in the cavity, 1-D flow behavior and 2-D flow behavior were measured in an experiment and simulated by an original CFD code. In the sloping bottom cavity, chaotic flow occurred in the upper part of the cavity. In the case of the sloping bottom cavity which had the same set of electrodes as the glass melter, the effect of the downflow near the electrodes decreased. The same phenomena could be predicted in the melter. The experimental results were also used to validate the CFD code, which will be helpful for developing a multiphase Joule-heating flow predicting.
文摘The current basic energy plan of Japan was authorized in the Cabinet in June 2010, in which ambitious energy and environmental targets and policies giving nuclear power a pivotal role toward 2030 were described. At present, the Japanese government has been forced to review the basic energy plan in the wake of the great east Japan earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011 followed by the severe accident at the nuclear power plants in Fukushima. Before the disaster, the IAE （institute of applied energy） had realized that it was not clear how CO2-free hydrogen would contribute to solving various energy and environmental issues, or that prospects were not clear for large demand of CQ-free hydrogen other than FCVs （fuel cell vehicles）. In this connection, the authors organized a voluntary ＂Concept Study Group （in short）＂ in March 2011 and held four meetings until the end of March 2012. Through the quantitative studies using IAE＇s simulation model （GRAPE）, the common recognition was built in the concept study group that hydrogen could contribute to energy security and increase in zero-emissions electric power ratio in Japan. It was also estimated that global CO2-free hydrogen supply chains could be realized by degrees after 2020. Based on these results, the authors made a proposal that hydrogen should be added in the primary energy constitution for new basic energy plan to the Japanese government because imported hydrogen could be considered as a pseudo-primary energy like LNG （liquefied natural gas）. Now, the succeeding ＂Action Plan Study Group （in short）＂ has been held focusing on hydrogen demand in various applications, future pictures of CO2-free hydrogen chains and road maps. Activity results of the ＂Concept Study Group＂ are shown here.
文摘The successful development of hydrogen-energy technologies has several advantages and benefits.Hydrogen-energy development could prevent global warming as well as ensure energy security for countries without adequate energy resources.The successful development of hydrogen would provide energy for transportation and electric power.It is a unique energy carrier,as it can be produced from various energy sources such as wind,fossil fuels and biomass and,when it is combusted,it emits no CO_(2)emissions.The other advantage is the wide distribution of resources globally that can be used to produce hydrogen.In Japan,the Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry(METI)published a‘Strategic Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells’in 2014,with a revised update published in March 2016.The goal of the roadmap is to achieve a hydrogen society.The roadmap aims to resolve technical problems and secure economic efficiency.The roadmap has been organized into the following three phases:Phase 1-Installation of fuel cells;Phase 2-Hydrogen power plant/mass supply chain;Phase 3-CO_(2)-free hydrogen.This paper reports on the current status of fuel cells and fuel-cell vehicles in Japan and gives a description and status of the R&D programmes along with the results of global energy model study towards 2050.
