From cellular to chemical approach for acute neural and alternative options for age-induced functional diseases

Endogenous "stem cell niche"(SCN) accompanying vessels contains immune system components which in vivo determine differentiation of multi potent stem cells toward proper cell types in given tissue. Combinations of sex steroids may represent novel chemical approach for neuronal areas of regenerative medicine,since they cause transformation of vascular smooth muscle stem cells into differentiating neuronal cells. Circulating sex steroids are present during pregnancy and can be utilized where needed,when various embryonic/fetal tissues develop from their stem cells. Utilization of induced regeneration of tissues(regenerative medicine) is expected being more effective in sudden failures of younger individuals carrying intact SCN,as compared to established chronic disorders caused by SCN alteration. An essential component of SCN are monocyte-derived cells exhibiting tissue-specific "stop effect"(SE) preventing,for instance,an aging of neuronal cells. Its alteration causes that implantation of neuronal stem cells will also result in their differentiation toward aging cells. When we repair the SE by supply of circulating mononuclear cells from young healthy individuals,we may be able to provide novel regenerative treatments of age-induced neural diseases by sex steroid combinations. Questions regarding some age-induced body alterations are also addressed.

Macrophage-derived IL-1α promotes sterile inflammation in a mouse model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

The metabolic intermediate of acetaminophen(APAP)can cause severe hepatocyte necrosis,which triggers aberrant immune activation of liver non-parenchymal cells(NPC).Overzealous hepatic inflammation determines the morbidity and mortality of APAP-induced liver injury(AILI).Interleukin-1 receptor(IL-1R)signaling has been shown to play a critical role in various inflammatory conditions,but its precise role and underlying mechanism in AILI remain debatable.Herein,we show that NLRP3 inflammasome activation of IL-1βis dispensable to AILI,whereas IL-1α,the other ligand of IL-1R1,accounts for hepatic injury by a lethal dose of APAP.Furthermore,Kupffer cells function as a major source of activated IL-1αin the liver,which is activated by damaged hepatocytes through TLR4/MyD88 signaling.Finally,IL-1αis able to chemoattract and activate CD11b^(+)Gr-1^(+) myeloid cells,mostly neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes,to amplify deteriorated inflammation in the lesion.Therefore,this work identifies that MyD88-dependent activation of IL-1αin Kupffer cells plays a central role in the immunopathogenesis of AILI and implicates that IL-1αis a promising therapeutic target for AILI treatment.

A monoclonal antibody against Lates calcarifer vitellogenin and a competitive ELISA to evaluate vitellogenin induction after exposure to xenoestrogen

A monoclonal antibody specific to sea bass(Lates calcarifer) vitellogenin(VTG) was developed,for use as a tool for monitoring endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs). VTG was induced in sea bass by intramuscular injection of 17β-estradiol(E_2: 2 mg/kg) every three days. Blood was collected three days after the last injection. Plasma VTG was then purified by chromatography in hydroxyapatite and a sephacryl-S300 column. Characterizations of purified VTG were done by phospholipoglycoprotein staining on a native-PAGE with confirmation by mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). Antibody was raised in mice by injection of purified VTG. After monoclonal antibody production, the hybridoma clone No. 41(MAb-sea bass VTG 41)was selected and developed for quantification of VTG by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The ELISA method was sensitive with a detection limit of VTG 40 ng/mL. MAb-sea bass VTG 41 was specific to VTG from E_2-treated sea bass and others EDCs(Nonylphenol, Benzo[a]pyrene and CdCl_2). Moreover, cross-reactivity was also found in E_2-treated coral grouper(Epinephelus corallicola). The ELISA method obtained from this work can be further applied for the assessment of EDCs in Thailand and Southeast Asia's aquatic environment.

一种新型莱克多巴胺-蛋白质载体结合技术在侧向流试纸条检测动物饲料中莱克多巴胺含量中的应用（英文）

目的:开发一种新型简单快速的克莱多巴胺-蛋白质载体结合方法,用于侧向流试纸条检测动物饲料。创新点:基于曼尼希反应的克莱多巴胺-牛血清蛋白(RAC–BSA)结合方法,具有一步性、简单、快速,且所需试剂少的优点。方法:通过曼尼希反应产生RAC–BSA结合物,制备竞争型侧向流试纸条。将RAC标记于猪饲料中,以体积比10:90的甲醇:电泳缓冲液作为提取缓冲液,在25min内完成样品制备。通过裸眼观察定性评估RAC–BSA结合物的免疫应答以及检测灵敏性,通过智能手机和电脑软件(ImageJ)进行半定量分析。结论:在最佳条件下,侧向流试纸条检测的检出限(LOD)在5 min裸眼评估下为1 ng/g;半定量分析中,其线性范围为0.075～0.750ng/g,计算的LOD为0.10 ng/g,定量限为0.33 ng/g,且相关性较好(R2=0.992)。回收率为96.4%～103.7%,同实验内及不同实验间的相对标准偏差为2.5%～3.6%。通过与酶联免疫吸附法对比,该侧向流试纸条检测结果具有较高的准确性和特异性。因此,通过曼尼希反应制备RAC–BSA结合物是一步的简单的结合法,可用于侧向流试纸条检测法。