Geographic ranges of ascidians from Antarctica and the southeastern Pacific

Historical and novel data on the geographic and bathymetric distribution of ascidians from Antarctic, Magellan and Chilean waters are compiled, and an inventory of taxa comprising 162 species reported over a 150 year period from the Antarctic region South Polar Province （SPP） compiled. The ascidian fauna from the South Shetland Islands （SSI） is compared with that of the Magellan region, Patagonia and the Chilean coast. We collected 46 ascidian species along the Chilean coast, and during four expeditions to King George Island （SSI） by SCUBA between 2003-2012. About 15% of King George Island （SSI） species are observed to occur also in shallow waters of southern Chile （SCL）. Few species known from warm temperate southeastern Pacific （Northern Chile, NCL） waters are absent from the Chilean part of the Magellan Province （SCL）. With most data contributed from the Chilean coast coming from the SCL, and with limited sampling having been undertaken at depths exceeding 100 m in the NCL, apparent differences in species richness along the Chilean coast could be attributabed to differential sampling effort. We detail 12 species from our Antarctic and Chilean collections in detail, including one, Diplosoma listerianum, not previously reported from Chilean waters, and the genus Botryllus, previously known from them on the basis of a single record.

BEYOND PAYBACK:A COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL METHODS FOR INVESTMENTS IN GREEN BUILDING

The green building movement is growing rapidly.Economic analysis of financial,other tangible,and intangible costs and benefits can help to sustain the movement over time.This purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast four methods of economic analysis to support green building decisions,and to identify the strengths,weaknesses,data requirements,and research needs associated with each.Five green features from a project in California are used to illustrate the methods and issues.The features are representative of the types of challenges building developers and designers face.The specific data used is illustrative,and the pattern of results across methods and examples is generally applicable.The more advanced financial calculations provide essential information for overcoming financial obstacles such as split incentives or excessively high hurdle rates for green investments.

A New Criterion for Distinguishing <i>Yendonia</i>Kylin and <i>Mikamiella</i>M.J. Wynne (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta)

An additional morphological criterion is presented to distinguish vegetative samples of the genera Yendonia and Mikamiella (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta). The undescribed earlier feature of Y. crassifolia is the presence of abundant lightrefracting cells in the tissues of the blades of both fertile and vegetative plants. This feature was never observed in Mikamiella, namely, in M. ruprechtiana. Additional data amending the description of the genus Yendonia are presented.

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR OVERVIEW OF PROTOTYPE GREEN-BUILT HOUSE DESIGN

INTRODUCTION Guy Architects,Ltd.reviewed the ways in which green technologies could be incorporated into the general housing market.The following is a review of sustainable technologies we considered for incorporation into a prototype housing design.The litmus test for the selections of systems included the following。

Tongue diagnosis: relationship between sublingual tongue morphology in three tongue protrusion angles and menstrual clinical symptoms

OBJECTIVE：The morphological and color characteristics of the tongue sublingual veins（SLVs）can manifest differently within the subjects,depending on the way their tongue is curled upward.This study was conducted in order to investigate the clinical relevancy of tongue SLV diagnosis in relation to menstrual clinical symptoms（pain,clots,heavy,and scanty）,using three different inspection procedures（IP1,IP2,and IP3）.METHODS：Three-hundred and seventy-seven female patients were asked to stick out their tongues in three specifi c ways which were intended to create different tongue protrusion angles.The SLV parameters for thickness（TK）,length（LE）,color（CL）,shape（SP）,and nodules（ND）were then evaluated.RESULTS：According to the results of the Waldχ2test,IP1 provides the best model for pain（R2=0.155）,IP3 for clots（R2=0.437）,IP2 for heavy（R2=0.268）,and scanty（R2=0.192）.Abnormal SLV diagnostic parameters were most strongly associated with the clinical symptom of clots（R2=0.492）.CONCLUSION：While the study showed the relations between tongue SLV features and menstrual clinical symptoms,as well it showed that IP2 was the best overall predictor for the symptomatic indexes used in this study,and using one particular SLV inspection procedure may not be suffi cient.The application of a particular inspection method alone may cause under-or over-estimation of SLV abnormalities.