Filters filled with a micelle-clay complex mixed with sand were employed to investigate their purification capability of tertiary treated wastewater with loose UF-membranes. The UF membrane was hollow fiber with a mol...Filters filled with a micelle-clay complex mixed with sand were employed to investigate their purification capability of tertiary treated wastewater with loose UF-membranes. The UF membrane was hollow fiber with a molecular weight cutoff of 100 kD. The complex was prepared from the organic cation octadecyltrimethylammonium （ODTMA） and the negatively charged clay-mineral, montmoriIIonite. This complex has a very large surface area, which includes large hydrophobic domains and is positively charged, about half of the cation exchange capacity of the clay. Two sets of filtration experiments were carried out at flow rates of 1.2 and 50 mL/min, which correspond to flow velocities of 3.7 and 153 cm/h, respectively. In the first case, after a passage of 1 L, the turbidity, total suspended solids （TSS）, fecal coliforms （FC）, and total coliforms （TC） were reduced to zero from 14 NTU, 6 ppm, 350 and 10,000 counts per 100 mL, respectively. In the second case, the numbers of FC and TC were reduced from 50,000/100 mL to zero after the passage of 14 L. The values of COD and BOD were reduced several-fold. The conclusion is that the incorporation of micelle-clay filters in the sewage treatment system with loose tertiary capability is promising and warrants larger scale experiments for optimization of the overall system.展开更多
Plant HAK/KUP/KT family members function as plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)/K^(+)symporters and may modulate chemiosmotically-driven polar auxin transport(PAT).Here,we show that inactivation of OsHAK5,a rice K^(+)transporter...Plant HAK/KUP/KT family members function as plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)/K^(+)symporters and may modulate chemiosmotically-driven polar auxin transport(PAT).Here,we show that inactivation of OsHAK5,a rice K^(+)transporter gene,decreased rootward and shootward PAT,tiller number,and the length of both lateral roots and root hairs,while OsHAK5 overexpression increased PAT,tiller number,and root hair length,irrespective of the K^(+)supply.Inhibitors of ATP-binding-cassette type-B transporters,NPA and BUM,abolished the OsHAK5-overexpression effect on PAT.The mechanistic basis of these changes included the OsHAK5-mediated decrease of transmembrane potential(depolarization),increase of extracellular pH,and increase of PM-ATPase activity.These findings highlight the dual roles of OsHAK5 in altering cellular chemiosmotic gradients(generated continuously by PM H^(+)-ATPase)and regulating ATP-dependent auxin transport.Both functions may underlie the prominent effect of OsHAK5 on rice architecture,which may be exploited in the future to increase crop yield via genetic manipulations.展开更多
文摘Filters filled with a micelle-clay complex mixed with sand were employed to investigate their purification capability of tertiary treated wastewater with loose UF-membranes. The UF membrane was hollow fiber with a molecular weight cutoff of 100 kD. The complex was prepared from the organic cation octadecyltrimethylammonium （ODTMA） and the negatively charged clay-mineral, montmoriIIonite. This complex has a very large surface area, which includes large hydrophobic domains and is positively charged, about half of the cation exchange capacity of the clay. Two sets of filtration experiments were carried out at flow rates of 1.2 and 50 mL/min, which correspond to flow velocities of 3.7 and 153 cm/h, respectively. In the first case, after a passage of 1 L, the turbidity, total suspended solids （TSS）, fecal coliforms （FC）, and total coliforms （TC） were reduced to zero from 14 NTU, 6 ppm, 350 and 10,000 counts per 100 mL, respectively. In the second case, the numbers of FC and TC were reduced from 50,000/100 mL to zero after the passage of 14 L. The values of COD and BOD were reduced several-fold. The conclusion is that the incorporation of micelle-clay filters in the sewage treatment system with loose tertiary capability is promising and warrants larger scale experiments for optimization of the overall system.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2016YFD0100700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31361140357,31872166,31800584)+2 种基金the 111 Project(grant no.12009)Innovative Research Team Development Plan of the Ministry of Education of China.supported by the Israel Science Foundation–Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Research Program(grant no.1842/13).
文摘Plant HAK/KUP/KT family members function as plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)/K^(+)symporters and may modulate chemiosmotically-driven polar auxin transport(PAT).Here,we show that inactivation of OsHAK5,a rice K^(+)transporter gene,decreased rootward and shootward PAT,tiller number,and the length of both lateral roots and root hairs,while OsHAK5 overexpression increased PAT,tiller number,and root hair length,irrespective of the K^(+)supply.Inhibitors of ATP-binding-cassette type-B transporters,NPA and BUM,abolished the OsHAK5-overexpression effect on PAT.The mechanistic basis of these changes included the OsHAK5-mediated decrease of transmembrane potential(depolarization),increase of extracellular pH,and increase of PM-ATPase activity.These findings highlight the dual roles of OsHAK5 in altering cellular chemiosmotic gradients(generated continuously by PM H^(+)-ATPase)and regulating ATP-dependent auxin transport.Both functions may underlie the prominent effect of OsHAK5 on rice architecture,which may be exploited in the future to increase crop yield via genetic manipulations.
