Solar cycle distribution of major geomagnetic storms

We examine the solar cycle distribution of major geomagnetic storms （Dst ≤ -100 nT）, including intense storms at the level of -200 nT〈 Dst ≤ -100 nT, great storms at -300 nT〈 Dst ≤-200 nT, and super storms at Dst ≤ -300 nT, which occurred during the period of 1957-2006, based on Dst indices and smoothed monthly sunspot numbers. Statistics show that the majority （82%） of the geomagnetic storms at the level of Dst≤ -100 nT that occurred in the study pe- riod were intense geomagnetic storms, with 12.4% ranked as great storms and 5.6% as super storms. It is interesting to note that about 27% of the geomagnetic storms that occurred at all three intensity levels appeared in the ascending phase of a solar cycle, and about 73% in the descending one. Statistics also show that 76.9% of the intense storms, 79.6% of the great storms and 90.9% of the super storms occurred during the two years before a solar cycle reached its peak, or in the three years after it. The correlation between the size of a solar cycle and the percentage of major storms that occurred, during the period from two years prior to maximum to three years af- ter it, is investigated. Finally, the properties of the multi-peak distribution for major geomagnetic storms in each solar cycle is investigated.

Using Riccati Equation to Construct New Solitary Solutions of Nonlinear Difference Differential Equations

In this paper, we use Riccati equation to construct new solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). Through the new function transformation, the Riccati equation is solved, and many new solitary wave solutions are obtained. Then it is substituted into the (2 + 1)-dimensional BLMP equation and (2 + 1)-dimensional KDV equation as an auxiliary equation. Many types of solitary wave solutions are obtained by choosing different coefficient p1 and q1 in the Riccati equation, and some of them have not been found in other documents. These solutions that we obtained in this paper will be helpful to understand the physics of the NLEEs.

Study on the Development of the Chip Information Industry Based on Moore’s Law

Chips are the carriers of ICs (integrated circuits). As a result of design, manufacturing, and packaging and testing processes, chips are typically wholly independent entities intended for immediate use. According to known data, one unit of chip output can drive up to ten units of output in the electronic information industry and 100 units of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The Chip Information Industry is a strategic industry in most developed countries in Europe and North America. The development of the Chip Information Industry is related to national economies and personal livelihoods. Moore discovered a certain trend after analyzing data: in general, every newly produced chip has twice the capacity of the previous generation, and it takes 18 to 24 months for the next generation to be subsequently invented. This trend has come to be known as Moore’s Law. It applies not only to the development of memory chips but also to the evolutionary paths of processor capability and disk drive storage capacity. Moore’s Law has become the basis of performance prediction in several industries. However, since 2011, the size of silicon transistors has been approaching its physical limit at the atomic level. Due to the nature of silicon, additional breakthroughs in the running speed and performance of silicon transistors are severely limited. Elevated temperature and leakage are the two main sources that invalidate Moore’s Law. To counter these issues, This paper analyzes specific problems challenges in the Chip Information Industry, including the development of carbon nanotube chips and fierce competition in the international Chip Information Industry. In addition, this paper undertakes a critical analysis of the Chinese Chip Information Industry and countermeasures to Chinese Chip Information Industry development.