HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 2014 EDITION OF THE REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

899 new papers with 3283 new measurements Over 330 papers from LHC experiments （ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb）.

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table 4.1.Reviced 2011 by D.E.Groom（LBNL）,and E.Bergren.

BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

Revised October 2013 by B.D. Fields, （Univ. of Illinois） P. Molaro （Trieste Observatory） and S. Sarkar （Univ. of Oxford ＆ Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen）.

THE CKM QUARK-MIXING MATRIX

12.1. Introduction The masses and mixings of quarks have a common origin in the Standard Model （SM）. They arise from the Yukawa interactions with the Higgs condensate,

EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF GRAVITATIONAL THEORY

Revised September 2013 by T. Damour （IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette, France）. Einstein＇s General Relativity, the current ＂standard＂ theory of gravitation, describes gravity as a universal deformation of the Minkowski metric：

Illustrative Key to the Particle Listings

Name of particle. ＂Old＂ name used before 1986 renaming scheme also given if different. See the section ＂Naming Scheme for Hadrons＂ for details.

CP VIOLATION IN THE QUARK SECTOR

Revised February 2014 by T. Gershon （University of Warwick） and Y. Nir （Weizmann Institute）.

HEAVY-QUARK AND SOFT-COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY

Updated September 2013 by C,W. Bauer （LBNL） and M. Neubert （U. Mainz）.17.1. Effective Field Theories Quantum field theories represent the most precise computational tool for describing physics at the highest energies. One of their characteristic features is that they almost inevitably involve multiple length scales. When trying to determine the value of an observable,

THE COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Updated November 2013, by O. Lahav （University College London） and A.R. Liddle （University of Edinburgh）.

GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES

Revised October 2011 by S. Raby （Ohio State University） 16.1. Grand Unification 16.1.1. Standard Model ： An Introduction：

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table 5.1. Reviewed 2011 by J.E. Sansonetti （NIST）. The electronic configurations and the ionization energies are from the NIST database, ＂Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for the Neutral Atoms,＂ W.C. Martin, A. Musgrove, S. Kotochigova, and J.E. Sansonetti, http：//www.nist .gov/pml/data/ion_energy. cfm. The electron configuration for, say, iron indicates an argon electronic core （see argon） plus six 3d electrons and two 4s electrons.

BOTTOM MESONS(B=±1)B^+=u,B^0=d,B^0=db,B^-=b,similarly for B~*'s

Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：

N BARYONS(S=0,I=1/2)p,N^+=uud;n,N^0=udd

p MASS （atomic mass units u）The mass is known much more precisely in u （atomic mass units） than in MeV. See the next data block.

BOTTOM,CHARMED MESONS(B=C=±1)B_c^+=c,B_c^-=cb,similarly for B_c~*'s

I（JP） = 0（0-）I, J, P need confirmation.Quantum numbers shown are quark-model predictions.

REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.

INTRODUCTION

1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the ＂Particle Listings.＂ These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].

BOTTOM BARYONS(B=-1)∧_b^0=udb,≡_b^0=usb,≡_b^-=dsb,Ω_b^-=ssb

In the quark model, a ∧b0 is an isospin-0 udb state. The lowest ∧b0 ought to have JP = 1/2＋. None of I, J, or P have actually been measured.

CHARMED BARYONS(C=+1)∧_c^+=udc,∑_c^(++)=uuc,∑_c^+=udc,∑_c^0=ddc,≡_c^+=usc,≡_c^0=dsc,Ω_c^0=ssc

CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass spectrum,

∧ BARYONS(S=-1,I=0)∧~0=uds

We have omitted some results that have been superseded by later experiments. See our earlier editions.

SU(3) ISOSCALAR FACTORS AND REPRESENTATION MATRICES

Written by R.L. Kelly （LBNL）. The most commonly used SU（3） isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.