Factors Affecting Distribution of Vegetation Types on Abandoned Cropland in the Hilly-Gullied Loess Plateau Region of China

A study was conducted in the forest-steppe region of the Loess Plateau to provide insight into the factors affecting the process of vegetation establishment,and to provide recommendations for the selection of indigenous species in order to speed up the succession process and to allow the establishment of vegetation more resistant to soil erosion.Four distinctive vegetation types were identified,and their distribution was affected not only by the time since abandonment but also by other environmental factors,mainly soil water and total P in the upper soil layers.One of the vegetation types,dominated by Artemisia scoparia,formed the early successional stage after abandonment while the other three types formed later successional stages with their distribution determined by the soil water content and total P.It can be concluded that the selection of appropriate species for introduction to accelerate succession should be determined by the local conditions and especially the total P concentration and soil water content.

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma:Predictive value of immunohistochemical markers for postoperative survival

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for over 90% of all primary liver cancers. With an ever increasing incidence trend year by year,it has become the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Hepatic resection is generally considered to be one of the most effective therapies for HCC patients,however,there is a high risk of recurrence in postoperativeHCC. In clinical practice,there exists an urgent need for valid prognostic markers to identify patients with prognosis,hence the importance of studies on prognostic markers in improving the prediction of HCC prognosis. This review focuses on the most promising immunohistochemical prognostic markers in predicting the postoperative survival of HCC patients.

Expression of c-erbB-2 and glutathione S-transferase-pi in hepatocellular carcinoma and its adjacent tissue

AIM： To investigate the possible role of c-erbB-2 and glutathione S-transferase （GST-Pi） in primary hepatocellular carcinogenesis and the relationship between liver hyperplastic nodule （LHN）, liver cirrhosis （LC）, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.METHODS： The expression of c-erbB-2 and GST-Pi was detected immunohistochemically in 42 tissue specimens of HCC and 77 specimens of its adjacent tissue.RESULTS： The positive expression of c-erbB-2 in LHN （28.6%） was significantly higher than that in LC （0%） （P = 0.032〈0.05）, but no significant difference was seen between HCC and LHN or LC （P〉0.05, X^2 = 0.002, 3.447）.The positive expression of GST-Pi in HCC （89.6%） or LHN （72.2%） was significantly higher than that in LC（22.9%, P〈0.001, ;X^2= 49.91, 16.96）. There was a significant difference between HCC and LHN （P〈0.05,X^2= 6.353）.CONCLUSION： The c-erbB-2 expression is an early event in the pathogenesis of HCC. GST-Pi may be a marker enzyme for immunohistochemical detection of human HCC and its preneoplastic lesions. LHN seems to be a preneoplastic lesion related to hepatocarcinogenesis.

Electrochemical Fabrication and Electrocatalytic Properties of Nanostructured Mesoporous Platinum Microelectrodes

Electrodeposition from a lyotropic liquid crystal template medium was used to produce nanostructured platinum microelectrodes with high specific surface area and high mass transport efficiency. Compared to polished and conventional platinized microelectrodes, well-ordered nanostructured platinum microelectrodes exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic properties for oxygen and ascorbic acid, whilst well-ordered nanostructured platinum microelectrodes offered improved electrocatalytic properties for oxygen reduction compared to disordered nanostructured platinum microelectrodes.

Development of Pasteuria penetrans in Meloidogyne javanica females as affected by constantly high vs fluctuating temperature in an in-vivo system

Growth room and glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of constant and fluctuating tem- peratures on the development of Pasteuria penetrans a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon es- culentum Mill) were inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles attached with endospores of P. penetrans and were grown in growth room at 26?29 °C and in glasshouse at 20?32 °C. The tomato plants were sampled from the growth room after 600 degree-days based on 17 °C/d, accumulating each day above a base temperature of 10 °C and from the glasshouse after 36 calendar days. Temperature affected the development of P. penetrans directly. The rate of development at constant temperature in growth room was faster than that in the glasshouse at fluctuating temperatures.

Data Secure Storage Mechanism for IIoT Based on Blockchain

With the development of Industry 4.0 and big data technology,the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is hampered by inherent issues such as privacy,security,and fault tolerance,which pose certain challenges to the rapid development of IIoT.Blockchain technology has immutability,decentralization,and autonomy,which can greatly improve the inherent defects of the IIoT.In the traditional blockchain,data is stored in a Merkle tree.As data continues to grow,the scale of proofs used to validate it grows,threatening the efficiency,security,and reliability of blockchain-based IIoT.Accordingly,this paper first analyzes the inefficiency of the traditional blockchain structure in verifying the integrity and correctness of data.To solve this problem,a new Vector Commitment(VC)structure,Partition Vector Commitment(PVC),is proposed by improving the traditional VC structure.Secondly,this paper uses PVC instead of the Merkle tree to store big data generated by IIoT.PVC can improve the efficiency of traditional VC in the process of commitment and opening.Finally,this paper uses PVC to build a blockchain-based IIoT data security storage mechanism and carries out a comparative analysis of experiments.This mechanism can greatly reduce communication loss and maximize the rational use of storage space,which is of great significance for maintaining the security and stability of blockchain-based IIoT.

CT肝容积测量结合CT灌注成像评价肝功能储备的应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT肝容积测量结合CT灌注成像(CT perfusion imaging,CTPI)评价肝硬化肝功能储备的应用价值。方法:肝硬化组32例及正常肝脏组20例均行CT肝容积测量,肝硬化组25例及正常肝脏组20例行CTPI。比较肝硬化组与正常肝脏组之间,肝硬化组肝功能A,B,C级之间的肝容积值、血流灌注参数值及肝容积-血流灌注指数值的差异,并将肝功能分级分数与肝容积值、血流灌注参数值及肝容积-血流灌注综合指数值作相关性分析。结果:肝硬化组A,B,C级肝容积(liver volume,LV)、单位体表面积肝容积(liver volume perbody surface area,LVs)呈逐级递减,各组间有统计学差异(P<0.01)。肝硬化组血流灌注参数的门静脉灌注量(hepatic portal perfusion,HPP)、肝总灌注量(total liver perfusion,TLP)、肝动脉灌注指数(hepatic arterial perfusion index,HAI)、门静脉灌注指数(portal perfusion index,PPI)均较正常肝脏组减低(P<0.01),其中HPP呈逐级递减,各级间有统计学差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);PPI呈逐级递减,C级与A,B级间有统计学差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。肝容积-血流灌注指数的容积灌注指数(volume perfusion index,VPI)、单位体表面积容积灌注指数(volume perfusion index per body surface area,VPIs)、容积门静脉灌注指数(volume portal perfusion index,VPPI)、单位体表面积容积门静脉灌注指数(volume portal perfusion index per body suface area,VPPIs)均呈逐级递减,各级间有统计学差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与其他指标相比,肝容积-血流灌注指数与肝功能分级分数具有更高的相关性,其中以VPPIs的相关性最高(r=-0.718)。结论:肝容积及肝血流灌注的改变与肝硬化的临床分级相关,CT肝容积测量结合CT灌注成像能更全面地评价肝功能储备状况。

高压处理对牛肉肌红蛋白及颜色变化的影响

室温下不同压力(200、400、600和800MPa),20min处理对绞碎牛肉颜色及肌红蛋白的影响进行了研究。结果显示:随压力的上升,L值增加、a值下降,肌肉逐渐失去红色变为灰棕色。同时,肌红蛋白总量显著降低,高铁肌红蛋白的比例在压力400MPa以上时显著增加。真空包装不能减轻压力导致的变色,而添加亚硝酸钠能对色泽起到稳定作用。压力处理导致色泽变化的原因可能是由于二价铁的肌红蛋白氧化成三价铁的高铁肌红蛋白、球蛋白的变性及结构的变化所致,可通过处理前腌制形成亚硝基肌红蛋白来稳定色泽。

由二种烟煤制备碳纳米管的探索性研究

以一种中国烟煤和一种新西兰烟煤为原料 ,采用电弧等离子体法制备碳纳米管。碳纳米管及其副产物富勒烯烟灰的表征采用扫描电镜 (SEM)和红外光谱 (FT IR)等技术。结果表明 :电弧放电时的缓冲气体压力对碳纳米管的产率影响很大 ;在一定的缓冲气压下电极间电流和电极间距各存在一最佳值。在He气压力为 0 .0 6 6 5MPa、工作电流为 40A条件下进行电弧放电 ,阴极上棒状沉积物的内芯中碳纳米管含量高达 75 %以上。基于实验结果 。

面筋蛋白的流变学性质和结构研究

面筋蛋白的结构和性质直接影响到小麦面粉的质量和焙烤食品的品质.松弛实验用于测定从英国Hereward面粉中得到的面筋蛋白和它的亚组分:麦醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白以及胶蛋白的流变性质.在松驰曲线上,粗的麦醇溶蛋白和酸溶的麦谷蛋白在时间小于10s时有1个峰,这是第1个松弛过程,但胶蛋白明显地出现了2个峰,第2个峰在大于10s处.这被认为是和面筋形成的网络结构有关,也可能是由于大聚体的缠绕和物理交联的原因.用小变形和大变形压缩实验和膨胀实验测定了纯麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白展开膜的表面活性,结果表明,纯麦醇溶蛋白展开膜有很高的表面活性,但纯可溶麦谷蛋白展开膜几乎没有表面活性.这些蛋白展开膜的结构在本实验中是用原子力电子显微扫描来描述的.结果表明纯的麦纯溶蛋白是一个具有直径为10～20nm的球状粒子,而纯的麦谷蛋白是一个长度为50～100nm的棒状结构.

Integrated Futures for Europe’s Mountain Regions: Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation and Human Livelihoods

Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas.

Unsupervised Log Anomaly Detection Method Based on Multi-Feature

Log anomaly detection is an important paradigm for system troubleshooting.Existing log anomaly detection based on Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks is time-consuming to handle long sequences.Transformer model is introduced to promote efficiency.However,most existing Transformer-based log anomaly detection methods convert unstructured log messages into structured templates by log parsing,which introduces parsing errors.They only extract simple semantic feature,which ignores other features,and are generally supervised,relying on the amount of labeled data.To overcome the limitations of existing methods,this paper proposes a novel unsupervised log anomaly detection method based on multi-feature(UMFLog).UMFLog includes two sub-models to consider two kinds of features:semantic feature and statistical feature,respectively.UMFLog applies the log original content with detailed parameters instead of templates or template IDs to avoid log parsing errors.In the first sub-model,UMFLog uses Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)instead of random initialization to extract effective semantic feature,and an unsupervised hypersphere-based Transformer model to learn compact log sequence representations and obtain anomaly candidates.In the second sub-model,UMFLog exploits a statistical feature-based Variational Autoencoder(VAE)about word occurrence times to identify the final anomaly from anomaly candidates.Extensive experiments and evaluations are conducted on three real public log datasets.The results show that UMFLog significantly improves F1-scores compared to the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods because of the multi-feature.

Enhancing Security by Using GIFT and ECC Encryption Method in Multi-Tenant Datacenters

Data security and user privacy have become crucial elements in multi-tenant data centers.Various traffic types in the multi-tenant data center in the cloud environment have their characteristics and requirements.In the data center network(DCN),short and long flows are sensitive to low latency and high throughput,respectively.The traditional security processing approaches,however,neglect these characteristics and requirements.This paper proposes a fine-grained security enhancement mechanism(SEM)to solve the problem of heterogeneous traffic and reduce the traffic completion time(FCT)of short flows while ensuring the security of multi-tenant traffic transmission.Specifically,for short flows in DCN,the lightweight GIFT encryption method is utilized.For Intra-DCN long flows and Inter-DCN traffic,the asymmetric elliptic curve encryption algorithm(ECC)is utilized.The NS-3 simulation results demonstrate that SEM dramatically reduces the FCT of short flows by 70%compared to several conventional encryption techniques,effectively enhancing the security and anti-attack of traffic transmission between DCNs in cloud computing environments.Additionally,SEM performs better than other encryption methods under high load and in largescale cloud environments.

Successful eradication of the European rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus)and house mouse(Mus musculus)from the island of Selvagem Grande(Macaronesian archipelago),in the Eastern Atlantic

The Portuguese island of Selvagem Grande(Great Salvage)in Macaronesia is an important seabird breeding station in the eastern Atlantic.Significant populations of Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea(Scopoli,1769),Bulwer’s petrel Bulweria bulweria(Jardine&Selby,1828)and little shearwater Puffinus assimilis baroli(Bonaparte,1857)are present,and white-faced storm-petrel Pelagodroma marina(Latham,1790)and Madeiran storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro(Harcourt,1851)populations are of global significance.Selvagem Grande also provides diverse habitats for an extensive flora,including 11 endemic species.The 270-ha island was also inhabited by two alien invasive mammals:the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus(Linnaeus,1758)and the house mouse Mus musculus(Linnaeus,1758).Both are known to have had adverse impacts on breeding seabirds and island vegetation.In 2002,the Natural Park of Madeira conducted a program using brodifacoum bait formulations aimed at rabbit and mouse eradication.Approximately 17000 individual baiting points were established on a 12.5×12.5 m grid.Baits were also applied by hand“seeding”on steep slopes and cliffs where bait stations could not be placed.Rabbits were removed after a month.However,mice persisted for considerably longer and strategic bait applications against them continued for a further six months.Subsequent assessments by trapping,bait takes and systematic observa-tion of signs over three years,has confirmed the removal of both alien invasive species.This paper presents information on these operations,on measures adopted to mitigate adverse impacts of the eradication program on important vertebrate non-target species,including Berthelot’s pipit Anthus berthelotii Bolle,1862 and a species of gecko Tarentola bischoffi Joger,1984 and on the initial response of the island’s ecosystem to the eradication of rabbits and mice.

Reflection Loss is a Parameter for Film,not Material

In studies of microwave absorption in the current literature,theories such as reflection loss,impedance matching,the delta function,and the quarter-wavelength model have been inappropriately applied.As shown in this case study,these problems need to be corrected as they are representative of similar work in the literature.

Congestion Control Using In-Network Telemetry for Lossless Datacenters

In the Ethernet lossless Data Center Networks (DCNs) deployedwith Priority-based Flow Control (PFC), the head-of-line blocking problemis still difficult to prevent due to PFC triggering under burst trafficscenarios even with the existing congestion control solutions. To addressthe head-of-line blocking problem of PFC, we propose a new congestioncontrol mechanism. The key point of Congestion Control Using In-NetworkTelemetry for Lossless Datacenters (ICC) is to use In-Network Telemetry(INT) technology to obtain comprehensive congestion information, which isthen fed back to the sender to adjust the sending rate timely and accurately.It is possible to control congestion in time, converge to the target rate quickly,and maintain a near-zero queue length at the switch when using ICC. Weconducted Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) simulation experiments to test theICC’s performance. When compared to Congestion Control for Large-ScaleRDMA Deployments (DCQCN), TIMELY: RTT-based Congestion Controlfor the Datacenter (TIMELY), and Re-architecting Congestion Managementin Lossless Ethernet (PCN), ICC effectively reduces PFC pause messages andFlow Completion Time (FCT) by 47%, 56%, 34%, and 15.3×, 14.8×, and11.2×, respectively.

Data Security Storage Mechanism Based on Blockchain Network

With the rapid development of information technology,the development of blockchain technology has also been deeply impacted.When performing block verification in the blockchain network,if all transactions are verified on the chain,this will cause the accumulation of data on the chain,resulting in data storage problems.At the same time,the security of data is also challenged,which will put enormous pressure on the block,resulting in extremely low communication efficiency of the block.The traditional blockchain system uses theMerkle Tree method to store data.While verifying the integrity and correctness of the data,the amount of proof is large,and it is impossible to verify the data in batches.A large amount of data proof will greatly impact the verification efficiency,which will cause end-to-end communication delays and seriously affect the blockchain system’s stability,efficiency,and security.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes to replace the Merkle tree with polynomial commitments,which take advantage of the properties of polynomials to reduce the proof size and communication consumption.By realizing the ingenious use of aggregated proof and smart contracts,the verification efficiency of blocks is improved,and the pressure of node communication is reduced.

A Moving-Mesh Finite Element Method and its Application to the Numerical Solution of Phase-Change Problems

A distributed Lagrangian moving-mesh finite element method is applied to problems involving changes of phase.The algorithm uses a distributed conservation principle to determine nodal mesh velocities,which are then used to move the nodes.The nodal values are obtained from an ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)equation,which represents a generalization of the original algorithm presented in Applied Numerical Mathematics,54:450–469(2005).Having described the details of the generalized algorithm it is validated on two test cases from the original paper and is then applied to one-phase and,for the first time,two-phase Stefan problems in one and two space dimensions,paying particular attention to the implementation of the interface boundary conditions.Results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the effectiveness of the method,including comparisons against analytical solutions where available.

ZA PLSs＇ Performance and Black Swan Approach

The empirical study uses black swan approach to analyze the performance of South African （ZA） listed property loan stocks （PLSs）. Although there are no empirical studies on black swan perspective and performance of listed real estate funds, the study found that there are similar traits of investing in listed real estate funds from emerging markets＇ perspective and what black swan advocates such as passive investment strategy and non-normality distribution of returns from listed real estate funds. Furthermore, the individual return of each fund was higher the return of the property loan stocks index and the probabilities of all variables confirm that they （variables） are significant when alpha is 10% at confidence level of 90%.

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Suppresses Damage Caused by Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Tomato

Agricultural research made in recent years has found that many bacterial organisms act like biological control agents with minimal impact on the environment. These microorganisms and their toxic metabolites should be included in those which are acceptable to qualify a product as organic or integrated and enjoy all the benefits that entails. Hence, interest in the use of microorganisms as biological agents to protect crop plants against plant parasitic nematodes has been increasing. This study investigated the ability of.Pseudomonas oryzihabitans symbiotically associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema abbasi as a bioagent against plant parasitic nematodes which infected tomato crop. The bacterium is particularly effective against root-knot nematode in vitro affecting the behavior and mobility of root-knot nematode juveniles. Also, studies in planta demonstrated the efficacy of P. oryzihabitans by preventing tomato root system by invasion of juveniles of Meloidogynejavaniea when bacterial cells were applied to the root system before nematodes. This efficacy is dependent on bacterial cell concentration used and the time of the nematode exposure. However, a better nematode control might be achieved with multiple applications of the biocontrol agent. Furthermore, the results of this study provide evidence that the bacterium P. oryzihabitans produces metabolites, which have nematostatic effects.