Phases of Environmental Evolution Indicated by Primary Chemical Elements and Paleontological Records in the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series for the Salawusu River Valley,China

Studies of lithology, sedimentary facies and the distribution regularity of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and Al2O3/SiO2 ratio allow us to divide the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series represented by the MUanggouwan section in China＇s Salawnsu River valley into six segments： MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6. The boundary ages for MGS1 （the Dishaogouwan and Dagouwan Formations）, MGS2 （the upper Chengchuan Formation）, MGS3 （the middle Chengchuan Formation）, MGS4 （the lower Chengchuan Formation）, MGS5 （most strata of the Salawusu Formation） and MGS6 （the bottom of the Salawusu Formation and the top of the Lishi Formation） correspond to those of MIS1, MIS2, MIS3, MIS4, MISS and MIS6, respectively, from deep sea sediments or continental glaciers. MGS5 can be subdivided into five subsegments （MGS5a, MGS5b, MGS5c, MGS5d and MGS5e） and the boundary ages of these subsegments correspond to those of MISSa, MISSb, MIS5c, MIS5d and MIS5e, respectively. Based on the paleoenvironment and paleoecology indicated by the primary chemical elements, fossil vertebrates, mollusks and pollen grains, we hypothesize that MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6 and the subsegments of MGS5 match the corresponding stages for oxygen isotopes in the deep sea sediments and continental glaciers, and the substages of MIS5 in terms of climatic characters, further explaining the phenomena that determined the formation of the late Quaternary strata and the paleontology of the Salawusu River valley. These phenomena relate to fluctuations in the global climate （and particularly in the East Asian monsoon） during the glacial and interglacial periods.

Osteopontin as potential biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric and liver cancers

Gastric cancer and liver cancer are among the most common malignancies and the leading causes of death worldwide,due to late detection and high recurrence rates.Today,these cancers have a heavy socioeconomic burden,for which a full understanding of their pathophysiological features is warranted to search for promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in most patients with gastric and liver cancers.Over the past decade,emerging evidence has revealed a correlation of OPN level and clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric and liver cancers,indicating its potential as an independent prognostic indicator in such patients.Functional studies have verified the potential of OPN knockdown as a therapeutic approach in vitro and in vivo .Furthermore,OPN mediates multifaceted roles in the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment,in which many details need further exploration.OPN signaling results in various functions,including prevention of apoptosis,modulation of angiogenesis,malfunction of tumor-associated macrophages,degradation of extracellular matrix,activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways,which lead to tumor formation and progression,particularly in gastric and liver cancers.This editorial aims to review recent findings on alteration in OPN expression and its clinicopathological associations with tumor progression,its potential as a therapeutic target,and putative mechanisms in gastric and liver cancers.Better understanding of the implications of OPN in tumorigenesis might facilitate development of therapeutic regimens to benefit patients with these deadly malignancies.

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Neoarchean Metamorphic Mafic Rocks in the Wutai Complex

Neoarchean metamorphic mafic rocks in the lower and the middle Wutai Complex mainly comprise metamorphic gabbros, amphibolites and chlorite schists. They can be subdivided into three groups according to chondrite normalized REE patterns. Rocks in Group #1 are characterized by nearly flat REE patterns （Lan/Ybn=0.86-1.3）, the lowest total REEs （29-52 ppm）, and weak negative to positive Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.84-1.02）, nearly flat primitive mantle normalized patterns and strong negative Zr（Hf） anomalies. Their geochemical characteristics in REEs and trace elements are similar to those of ocean plateau tholeiite, which imply that this group of rocks can represent remnants of Archean oceanic crust derived from a mantle plume. Rocks in Group #2 are characterized by moderate total REEs （34-116 ppm）, LREE-enriched （Lan/Ybn=1.76-4.34） chondrite normalized REE patterns with weak Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.76-1.16）, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr（Hf）, Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle normalized spider diagram. The REE and trace element characteristics indicate that they represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. Rocks in Group #3 are characterized by the highest total REEs （61-192 ppm）, the strongest LREEs enrichment （Lan/Ybn=7.12-16） with slightly negative Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.81-0.95） in the chondrite normalized diagram. In the primitive mantle normalized diagram, these rocks are characterized by large negative anomalies in Nb, Ta, Ti, negative to no Zr anomalies. They represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge enriched in slab-derived melts. The three groups of rocks imply that the formation of the Neoarchean Wutai Complex is related to mantle plumes and island-arc interaction.

A Numerical Study on the Structure and Dynamics of Turbulence in Oscillatory Bottom Layer Flow over A Flat or Rippled Bed

This paper is mainly concerned with the turbulence in oscillatory bottom boundary layers over flat or rippled seaheds. Owing to the strong shear and anisotmpy of oscillatory flow, an anisotropic turbulence mathematical model is set up using the finite difference method, and the computational results of the model are verified by comparisons with wellknown experiments. Turbulent energy, dissipation and Reynolds stress can all be computed with this mathematical model, and the development processes of a large coherent vortex structure over a rippled bed, such as main flow separation, coherent vortex formation and curling, coherent vortex ejection and breaking up, are successfully simulated.

Teaching the Non-Chinese Speaking Students Origami to Improve Their Interest and Concentration in Learning Chinese Language

The difficulties in learning Chinese faced by non-Chinese students are the subjects of concern in the education sector, especially in writing Chinese characters. We write the characters with strokes and dots, more or less strokes or dots will represent different words and different meanings. Students found these very complicated and confused, thus it leads them to lose their motivation and interest in learning Chinese language. From the beginning of the 1990s, I began using origami as one of the activities to promote the teaching of Chinese in the state school in Melbourne Australia with remarkable results. Program got widely reported by Medias. In 1995, I got the ＂National Excellence in Teaching Awards＂. After I took up the position as the curriculum development officer in University of Hong Kong in 2007, I worked closely with the teachers and students using origami as the theme base learning in Chinese. It helps to increase their understanding of the radicals and parts, so as to improve their confidence in writing Chinese characters.

Fractal dimension and thermodynamic fluctuation properties of IDV light curves

Fractals are a basic tool for phenomenologicalty describing natural ob- jects having a high degree of temporal or spatial variability. From a physical point of view the fractal properties of natural systems can also be interpreted by using the standard formalism of thermodynamical fluctuations. We introduce and analyze the fractal dimension of the Intra-Day-Variability （IDV） light-curves of BL Lac objects, in the optical, radio and X-ray bands. A general description of the fluctuation spec- trum of these systems based on general thermodynamical principles is also proposed. Based on the general fractal properties of a given physical system, we also introduce the predictability index for the IDV light curves. We have explicitly determined the fractal dimension for the R-band observations of five blazars, as well as for the ra- dio band observations of the compact extragalactic radio source J 1128＋5925 and of several X-ray sources. Our results show that the fractal dimension of the optical and X-ray observations indicates an almost pure ＂Brownian noise＂ （random walk） spectrum, with a very low predictability index, while in the radio band the predictability index is much higher. We have also studied the spectral properties of the IDV light curves and we have shown that their spectral index is very closely correlated with the corresponding fractal dimension.

P75 and phosphorylated c-Jun are differentially regulated in spinal motoneurons following axotomy in rats

The neurotrophin receptor （p75） activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathway. Activation of JNK and its substrate c-Jun can cause apoptosis. Here we evaluate the role of p75 in spinal motoneurons by comparing immunoreactivity for p75 and phosphorylated c-Jun （p-c-Jun）, the production of JNK activation in axotomized motoneurons in postnatal day （PN）I, PN7, PN14 and adult rats. Intensive p-c-Jun was induced in axotomized motoneurons in PN1 and PN7. In PN14, p-c-Jun expression was sharply reduced after the same injury. The decreased expression of p-c-Jun at this age coincided with a developmental switch of re-expression of p75 in axotomized cells. In adult animals, no p-c-Jun but intensive p75 was detected in axotomized motoneurons. These results indicate differential expression or turnover of phosphorylation of c-Jun and p75 in immature versus mature spinal motoneurons in response to axonal injury. The non-co-occurrence of p75 and p-c-Jun in injured motoneurons indicated that p75 may not activate JNK pathway, suggesting that the p75 may not be involved in cell death in axotomized motoneurons.

Critique, Ethics, and the Apparatus of Experience： A Foucauldian Framework

The paper explores examples of contemporary experience in order to demonstrate the moralisation of new areas of behaviour （especially in relation to environmental issues）. It sketches a Foucauldian framework for understanding the historical transformation of experience, in terms of the ＂apparatus of experience.＂ On that basis, it presents a novel account of critique, in which critique is seen as the potentially transformational, experiential practice of re-experiencing the contemporary apparatuses of experience. In other words, critique is ＂experience squared.＂ It is this re-experiencing of our everyday experience that permits us, to a certain extent, to ＂get over ourselves＂ and thus to reflect critically on the processes of moralisation and de-moralisation in which we participate.

A Peaceful Revolution Huibing Zhao： Study of the Political Progressivism in America. China Social Sciences Press, Beijing 2013, 256p, ￥ 49, ISBN： 9787516133804

The progressive political thought or the political progressivism in America was a nationally complex and diverse current of thought in America at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Facing up with many social grievances which resulted from the fast industrialization, the outdated political philosophy of the Founding Fathers, and the radical thoughts imported from overseas, the progressives purposively and systematically resorted to diverse powers, especially governmental power,

PVT v2:Improved baselines with Pyramid Vision Transformer

Transformers have recently lead to encouraging progress in computer vision.In this work,we present new baselines by improving the original Pyramid Vision Transformer(PVT v1)by adding three designs:(i)a linear complexity attention layer,(ii)an overlapping patch embedding,and(iii)a convolutional feed-forward network.With these modifications,PVT v2 reduces the computational complexity of PVT v1 to linearity and provides significant improvements on fundamental vision tasks such as classification,detection,and segmentation.In particular,PVT v2 achieves comparable or better performance than recent work such as the Swin transformer.We hope this work will facilitate state-ofthe-art transformer research in computer vision.Code is available at https://github.com/whai362/PVT.

INTERACTION OF A FLOATING ELLIPTIC CYLINDER WITH A VIBRATING CIRCULAR CYLINDER

The nonlinear hydrodynamic interaction between a floating elliptic cylinder and a vibrating circular cylinder immersed in an infinite fluid was investigated. By taking the added masses of the two-cylinder system into account, the dynamical equations of motion were formulated from the Lagrange equations of motion. The dynamical behaviors of these two cylinders were analyzed numerically for some typical situations, and the results show that the presence of a vibrating circular cylinder has a significant influence on the planar motion of a floating elliptic cylinder. The hydrodynamic interaction between them results in complicated nonlinear behaviors of the floating cylinder. It is found that oscillatory motion of the elliptic cylinder takes place in response to the vibrating mode of the circular one.

Phototriggered targeting of nanocarriers for drug delivery

Stimuli-triggered targeting of drug delivery systems can both increase the therapeutic efficacy and lower toxicity by selectively delivering drugs at target sites with high specificity and efficiency. Light is a convenient and powerful stimulus for use in such drug delivery systems because it is readily available and noninvasive and offers excellent spatiotemporal control. The power and wavelength of light can be finely tuned for different photoresponsive systems to achieve efficient targeting at the tissue, cellular, or subcellular levels. Here, we have reviewed the various mechanisms for phototriggered targeting （phototargeting） of drug nanocarriers. We have discussed the three main phototargeting strategies： （1） targeting ligand activation; （2） particle size reduction; and （3） blood vessel disruption.

Delayed diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in an adult Chinese lady

We report a 32 year-old Chinese lady with history of tetralogy of Fallot, presented to us with chest pain due to hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism. With her dysmerphic facial features and intellectual disability 22q11.2 deletion was suspected and confirmed by genetic study. Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome in adult patient with past medical history of congenital heart disease, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability and primary hypoparathyroidism.

Implementation of rotational resistance models＇ A critical appraisal

Contact models that simulate rotational resistance at particle contacts have been proposed as a means to capture the effect of shape in DEM simulations. This contribution critically explores some key issues related to the implementation of rotational resistance models; these include the need for physically meaningful model parameters, the impact of the model on the overall numerical stability/critical time increment for the DEM model, model validation, and the assessment of model performance relative to real physical materials. The discussion is centred around a rotational resistance model that captures the resistance provided by interlocking asperities on the particle surface. An expression for the maximum permissible integration time step to ensure numerical stability is derived for DEM simulations when rotational resistance is incorporated. Analytical solutions for some single-contact scenarios are derived for model validation. The ability of this type of model to provide additional fundamental insight into granular material behaviour is demonstrated using particle-scale analysis of triaxial compression simulations to examine the roles that contact rollin~ and slidin~ have on the stability of stron：~ force chains.

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF in cardiogenesis and cardiac progenitor cell development

The recent identification of cardiac progenitor cells （CPCs） provides a new paradigm for studying and treating heart disease. To realize the full potential of CPCs for therapeutic purposes, it is essential to understand the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms guiding CPC differentiation into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, or endothelial cells. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers mediate one critical epigenetic mechanism. These large multiprotein complexes open up chromatin to modulate transcription factor access to DNA. SWI/SNF, one of the major types of chromatin remodelers, plays a key role in various aspects of development （de la Serna et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2009）, including heart development and disease （Lickert et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Huang et al., 2008; Stankunas et al., 2008; Hang et al., 2010）. In this review, we describe the specific function of various SWI/SNF components in cardiogenesis and cardiac progenitor cell （CPC） self-renewal and differentiation. We envision that a detailed understanding of the SWI/SNF in heart development and CPC formation and differentiation will generate novel insights into epigenetic mechanisms that govern CPC differentiation and may have significant implications in understanding and treating heart disease.