Meta-analysis of the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on cardiopulmonary function rehabilitation in patients with stroke

Objective:Systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIT)on cardiovascular function in stroke patients,in order to provide a basis for selecting the best rehabilitation plan for stroke patients.Methods:Computer retrieval of CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,Pubmed,EMbase,Web of science,The Cochrane Library databases was conducted from the establishment of the database until March 2023.Randomized controlled trials on HIIT improving cardiovascular function in stroke patients were included,and the included literature was screened,data extracted,and bias risk evaluated.Then,metaanalysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata17.0 software.Results:In the end,9 articles met the research criteria,with a total of 428 patients.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group,HIIT had significant effects on peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak)[MD=3.87,95%CI(3.43,4.31),P<0.00001],minute ventilation(VE)[MD=7.14,95%CI(4.34,9.94),P<0.00001],peak power(WRpeak)[MD=17.13,95%CI(13.7320.54),P<0.00001],6-minute walking distance(6MWD)[MD=43.82,95%CI(16.08,71.56),P=0.002],The intervention effect of the 10 meter walking test(10MWT)[MD=-2.00,95%CI(-2.91,-1.08),P<0.0001]was better than that of the control group.Conclusion:The current analysis results show that compared to conventional rehabilitation therapy or continuous aerobic exercise,HIIT has more advantages in improving the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients.

Basic mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury and treatment via electrical stimulation

Previous studies on the mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)have mainly focused on the pathophysiological changes within a single injury site.However,recent studies have indicated that within the central nervous system,PNI can lead to changes in both injury sites and target organs at the cellular and molecular levels.Therefore,the basic mechanisms of PNI have not been comprehensively understood.Although electrical stimulation was found to promote axonal regeneration and functional rehabilitation after PNI,as well as to alleviate neuropathic pain,the specific mechanisms of successful PNI treatment are unclear.We summarize and discuss the basic mechanisms of PNI and of treatment via electrical stimulation.After PNI,activity in the central nervous system(spinal cord)is altered,which can limit regeneration of the damaged nerve.For example,cell apoptosis and synaptic stripping in the anterior horn of the spinal cord can reduce the speed of nerve regeneration.The pathological changes in the posterior horn of the spinal cord can modulate sensory abnormalities after PNI.This can be observed in cases of ectopic discharge of the dorsal root ganglion leading to increased pain signal transmission.The injured site of the peripheral nerve is also an important factor affecting post-PNI repair.After PNI,the proximal end of the injured site sends out axial buds to innervate both the skin and muscle at the injury site.A slow speed of axon regeneration leads to low nerve regeneration.Therefore,it can take a long time for the proximal nerve to reinnervate the skin and muscle at the injured site.From the perspective of target organs,long-term denervation can cause atrophy of the corresponding skeletal muscle,which leads to abnormal sensory perception and hyperalgesia,and finally,the loss of target organ function.The mechanisms underlying the use of electrical stimulation to treat PNI include the inhibition of synaptic stripping,addressing the excessive excitability of the dorsal root ganglion,alleviating neuropathic pain,improving neurological function,and accelerating nerve regeneration.Electrical stimulation of target organs can reduce the atrophy of denervated skeletal muscle and promote the recovery of sensory function.Findings from the included studies confirm that after PNI,a series of physiological and pathological changes occur in the spinal cord,injury site,and target organs,leading to dysfunction.Electrical stimulation may address the pathophysiological changes mentioned above,thus promoting nerve regeneration and ameliorating dysfunction.

Systematic evaluation and trial sequential analysis of warming acupuncture combined with joint mobilization in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of warming acupuncture combined with joint mobilization for the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis.Methods:A search for published randomized controlled trials(RCT)investigating warming acupuncture combined with joint mobilization for the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis was performed using the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science databases.According to requirements of the Cochrane systematic review,all evaluations of RCT investigating warming acupuncture with joint mobilization in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis were performed via method quality assessment,data extraction,and data analysis.Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0 statistical software were used for the meta-analysis,and the trial sequential analysis(TSA)software estimated the required information size for each outcome.Results:A total of 14 articles were retrieved for meta-analysis,which included 551 cases in the treatment group and 539 cases in the control group.Meta-analysis showed that:(1)warming acupuncture combined with joint mobilization improved total efficiency[OR=6.16,95%CI(3.79,10.00),Z=7.34;P<0.001),TSA results confirmed the results of the meta-analysis;(2)warming acupuncture combined with joint mobilization improved the cure rate[OR=2.84,95%CI(2.19,3.70),P<0.001],TSA results revealed that no further tests were needed to verify;(3)warming acupuncture combined with joint mobilization reduced the number of treatments required for healing[MD=-7.49,95%CI(-9.75,-5.23),P<0.001],TSA results confirmed the results of the meta-analysis;(4)in comparing visual analog scale scores before and after treatment,meta-analysis result showed that:SMD=-2.01,95%CI(-2.37,-1.65),P<0.001,the difference was statistically significant,TSA results confirmed the results of the meta-analysis.Conclusion:Warming acupuncture combined with joint mobilization had a significant effect on the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis.

Economical Analysis on the Causes and Effects of the ＂Shell＂ Resource of the Professional Football Clubs in China

An essential issue in professionalizing Chinese football industry is how to properly apply and optimize the resources of professional football clubs. The present paper analyzes the operation and resource application in the professional football clubs in China from two perspectives： the causes and effects of the shell resources. The paper attempts to provide a thorough understanding of the professional football clubs in China and thus to make full play of the resource value.

Evaluation of therapeutic effects of self-made pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation on elderly female stress urinary incontinence

Objective:Create a pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation program and explore its effects on stress urinary incontinence(SUI)in elderly women.Methods:Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation was created based on Kaigl experiment and pelvic floor muscle training methods.20 elderly women aged 65-75 years with SUI were randomly recruited for 10 weeks of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation.Self-control study was used to compare the 72-hour average frequency of urinary incontinence,the average score of urinary incontinence questionnaire-simple form(ICIQ-SF)of international urinary incontinence advisory committee,the severity index of urinary incontinence and the weight of 1 hour urine pad before and after rehibition.Results:After 10 weeks of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation training,the 72-hour average frequency of urinary incontinence was 1.02±0.65 times,which was not statistically different from that before training(1.25±0.71,P>0.05).The score of ICIQ-SF was 5.95±1.32,which was significantly lower than that before training(7.0±1.38,P<0.05),and the urinary incontinence severity index was 2.75±0.89,which was significantly lower than that before training(3.95±1.32,P<0.01).The weight of 1 hour urine pad was 6.40±2.29 g and was significantly lower than that before training(P<0.01,8.37±2.24).Conclusion:Self-created pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation had the function of decreasing the quantity of urinary incontinence instead of the frequency of incontinence.

A review of the treatment of cerebral palsy in children

Childhood cerebral palsy （CP） is one of the most serious and common diseases of the central nervous system. It results in high morbidity and treatment cost, and cannot be cured. It has a detrimental effect on families of children with CP, seriously affects the quality of life, causes significant mental stress, and places a great economic burden on society. At present, physical training and drug therapy are mainly used to treat CP in children at home and abroad. However, plentiful evidence has shown that the efficacy of drugs, surgery, and therapies used over the previous decades is limited. The use of more appropriate comprehensive treatment that involves improving the quality of life to social participation is helpful and meaningful for children with CP and their carers. Based on the literature and guidelines from home and abroad, this article analyzes the main treatments used, including rehabilitation treatment, drug therapy, stem cell therapy, surgical treatment, and the treatment of complications, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various treatments. It provides a reference for patients with CP to help choose treatment methods and a new idea for research on the treatment of CP .

Research on the Effects of the Mass Media on the Promotion of the National Fitness Campaign

This article is based on the functions and characteristics of mass media. It explores the related role of the mass media on the implementation of the national fitness program Combined with a specific case by the literature material law, expert interview law.On this basis, it puts forward the constructive path, so as to better promote the development of national fitness campaign.

Research on The Effects of The Mass Media on The Promotion of The National Fitness Campaign

This article is based on the functions and characteristics of mass media. It explores the related role of the mass media on the implementation of the national fitness program Combined with a specific case by the literature material law, expert interview law.On this basis, it puts forward the constructive path, so as to better promote the development of national fitness campaign.

An ultrasound-guided percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation regimen devised using finite element modeling promotes functional recovery after median nerve transection

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of an injured nerve can promote and accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration and improve function.When performing acupuncture and moxibustion,locating the injured nerve using ultrasound before percutaneous nerve stimulation can help prevent further injury to an already injured nerve.However,stimulation parameters have not been standardized.In this study,we constructed a multi-layer human forearm model using finite element modeling.Taking current density and activated function as optimization indicators,the optimal percutaneous nerve stimulation parameters were established.The optimal parameters were parallel placement located 3 cm apart with the injury site at the midpoint between the needles.To validate the efficacy of this regimen,we performed a randomized controlled trial in 23 patients with median nerve transection who underwent neurorrhaphy.Patients who received conventional rehabilitation combined with percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation experienced greater improvement in sensory function,motor function,and grip strength than those who received conventional rehabilitation combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.These findings suggest that the percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation regimen established in this study can improve global median nerve function in patients with median nerve transection.

Blood flow restriction training improves the efficacy of routine intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability

As a new means of rehabilitation,blood flow restriction training(BFRT)is widely used in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation.To observe whether BFRT can improve the efficacy of routine rehabilitation intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).Twenty-three patients with CAI were randomly divided into a routine rehabilitation group(RR Group)and a routine rehabilitationþblood flow restriction training group(RRþBFRT Group)according to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool(CAIT)score.The RR Group was treated with routine rehabilitation means for intervention,and the RRþBFRT Group was treated with a tourniquet to restrict lower limb blood flow for rehabilitation training based on routine training.Before and after the intervention,the CAIT score on the affected side,standing time on one leg with eyes closed,comprehensive scores of the Y-balance test,and surface electromyography data of tibialis anterior(TA)and peroneus longus(PL)were collected to evaluate the recovery of the subjects.Patients were followed up 1 year after the intervention.After 4 weeks of intervention,the RRþBFRT Group CAIT score was significantly higher than the RR Group(19.33 VS 16.73,p<0.05),the time of standing on one leg with eyes closed and the comprehensive score of Y-balance were improved,but there was no statistical difference between groups(p>0.05).RRþBFRT Group increased the muscle activation of the TA with maximum exertion of the ankle dorsal extensor(p<0.05)and had no significant change in the muscle activation of the PL with maximum exertion of the ankle valgus(p>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of resprains within 1 year between the groups(36.36%VS 16.67%,p>0.05).The incidence of ankle pain in the RRþBFRT Group was lower than that in the RR Group(63.64%VS 9.09%,p<0.01).Therefore,four-weeks BFRT improves the effect of the routine intervention,and BFRT-related interventions are recommended for CAI patients with severe ankle muscle mass impairment or severe pain.

Multilevel analysis of the central-peripheral-target organ pathway:contributing to recovery after peripheral nerve injury

Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.

Brain metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease:biological mechanisms of exercise

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a major subtype of neurodegenerative dementia caused by long-term interactions and accumulation of multiple adverse factors,accompanied by dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and molecular pathways in the brain.At the cellular and molecular levels,the neuronal cellular milieu of the AD brain exhibits metabolic abnormalities,compromised bioenergetics,impaired lipid metabolism,and reduced overall metabolic capacity,which lead to abnormal neural network activity and impaired neuroplasticity,thus accelerating the formation of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.The current absence of effective pharmacological therapies for AD points to the urgent need to investigate the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise.Despite the evidence that regular physical activity can improve metabolic dysfunction in the AD state,inhibit different pathophysiological molecular pathways associated with AD,influence the pathological process of AD,and exert a protective effect,there is no clear consensus on the specific biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the advantages of physical exercise.Here,we review how physical exercise improves crucial molecular pathways and biological processes associated with metabolic disorders in AD,including glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,Aβmetabolism and transport,iron metabolism and tau pathology.How metabolic states influence brain health is also presented.A better knowledge on the neurophysiological mechanisms by which exercise improves AD metabolism can contribute to the development of novel drugs and improvement of non-pharmacological interventions.

Multi-user reinforcement learning based task migration in mobile edge computing

Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is a promising approach.Dynamic service migration is a key technology in MEC.In order to maintain the continuity of services in a dynamic environment,mobile users need to migrate tasks between multiple servers in real time.Due to the uncertainty of movement,frequent migration will increase delays and costs and non-migration will lead to service interruption.Therefore,it is very challenging to design an optimal migration strategy.In this paper,we investigate the multi-user task migration problem in a dynamic environment and minimizes the average service delay while meeting the migration cost.In order to optimize the service delay and migration cost,we propose an adaptive weight deep deterministic policy gradient(AWDDPG)algorithm.And distributed execution and centralized training are adopted to solve the high-dimensional problem.Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the migration cost and service delay compared with the other related algorithms.

Parkin promotes proteasomal degradation of p62： implication of selective vulnerability of neuronal cells in the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease

Mutations or inactivation of parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, are associated with familial form or sporadic Parkinson＇s disease （PD）, respectively, which manifested with the selective vulnerability of neuronal ceils in substantia nigra （SN） and striatum （STR） regions. However, the underlying molecular mechanism linking parkin with the etiology of PD remains elusive. Here we report that p62, a critical regulator for protein quality control, inclusion body formation, selective autophagy and diverse signaling pathways, is a new substrate of parkin. P62 levels were increased in the SN and STR regions, but not in other brain regions in parkin knockout mice. Parkin directly interacts with and ubiquitinates p62 at the K13 to promote proteasomal degradation of p62 even in the absence of ATG5. Pathogenic mutations, knockdown of parkin or mutation of p62 at K13 prevented the degradation of p62. We further showed that parkin deficiency mice have pronounced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and have worse performance in motor test when treated with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride in aged mice. These results suggest that, in addition to their critical role in regulating autophagy, p62 are subjected to parkin mediated proteasomal degradation and implicate that the dysregulation of parkin/p62 axis may involve in the selective vulnerability of neuronal cells during the onset of PD pathogenesis.

Effects of silent myocardial ischemia on functional fitness and physical independence in 60–79-year-old adults

Objective:We examined the effect of silent myocardial ischemia(SMI)on functional fitness levels and physical independence in 60–79-year-old individuals.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study with 716 older adults and used an electrocardiograph and an ambulatory electrocardiogram to diagnose those with SMI.Physical independence was assessed using the Composite Physical Function scale,whereas physical fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test battery.Results:The 60-79-year-old females and males with SMI were more likely to have lower scores for lower and upper body strength,agility/dynamic balance,and aerobic endurance(p<0.05)than those without SMI.The scores for lower and upper body flexibility in all age groups for both genders were not significant(p>0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that old adults with SMI had a higher risk of losing physical independence later in life than those without SMI(p<0.05).Conclusion:This study showed that individuals with SMI have lower fitness levels and increased risk of losing physical independence than those without SMI.

Acute exercise in ozone-polluted air induces apoptosis in rat quadriceps femoris muscle cells via mitochondrial pathway

Ozone(O_(3))pollution can decrease sport performance and induce respiratory toxicity,but relatively few studies have investigated its effects on skeletal muscles.We randomly assigned rats to the following groups based on a 2×4 two-factor factorial design:Air+0,Air+10,Air+15,and Air+20,O_(3)+0,O_(3)+10,O_(3)+15,and O_(3)+20.The rats in the+0 groups rested,whereas those in the+10,+15,and+20 groups ran on a treadmill(in clean air for Air groups and in air polluted with 0.14 parts per million[ppm]O_(3)for O_(3)groups)at speeds of+10,+15,and+20 m/min,respectively,for 1 h.Thereafter,key enzyme activities involving the tricarboxylic acid cycle,oxidative phosphorylation,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content,histopathological changes,oxidative stress,inflammation factors,and apoptosis were assessed in the rat quadriceps femoris samples.Ozone reduced key enzyme activities and ATP contents in the quadriceps femoris regardless of whether the rats exercised.Pathological changes,inflammatory factors,oxidative stress,and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis were only evident under conditions of exercise combined with ozone and increasingly worsened as exercise intensity increased.These findings suggested that acute exercise under ozone exposure could induce damage to the quadriceps femoris,which would negatively affect sport performance.Ozone-induced disrupted energy metabolism might be an early event that becomes more critical as exercise intensity increases.Therefore,care should be taken when exercising in polluted air,even when ozone pollution is mild.