ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF NONIMPACT PRINTED WASTES

Cellulase deinking process of non-impact printed wastes was studied. The optimized conditions were: cellulase charge 0.3%, temperature 50℃, pulping consistency 10%, enzyme treatment time 30 min,agitating speed 400 rpm. Qquality of the deinking pulp was assessed by measuring the number, average diameter, percent coverage of residual ink using Paperican ink scanner.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON ALKALINE H_2O_2 BLEACHING OF NS REED PULP

This paper uses a new stabilizer of H2O2 bleaching and compares the stabilizing effect of the new stabilizer with that of Na2SiO3. The results show that the new stabilizer is better than the conventional Na2SiO3. The optimum conditions of the stable latter process bleaching of H2O2 as follow: NaOH 3%, MgSO4 0.05%, H2O2 3%, stabilizer 3%, temperature 80℃, concentration 12%, time 3h.

IMPACT OF APPLYING BCTMP TO WOOD-FREE LWC ON ITS PERFORMANCE

Substituting bleached CTMP (BCTMP) for chemical pulps, such as bleached hardwood kraft pulp in many paper grades is in rising demand for reducing cost and improving product performance. In this paper we investigated the effect of substituting aspen BCTMP for hardwood kraft pulp (varying from 10% to 30%) on product performance of light weight coated paper. The results show that the tensile index increases and other strength properties are essentially unchanged as the substitution level increases. With the increased BCTMP substitution level, the surface roughness of base sheets increases slightly, while coating coverage of base sheets is not affected significantly. The increased BCTMP substitution results in an increase in porosity of the base sheets, but does not change the average pore diameter. Increasing BCTMP substitution level leads to a slight decrease in gloss and an increase in surface roughness of the coated paper, however the latter can be compensated by a higher nip load calendering.

APPLICATION OF CATIONIC STARCH BY DRY-PROCESS AS ANIONIC CHARGE NEUTRALIZING AGENTS TO IMPROVE FILLER RETENTION

This paper deals with the preparation of cationic starch with high degree of substitute by dry-process. The corn starch and the alkali catalyst are mixed in the mixer, then added the cationic etherifying agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride). The reacting time is for 5 hours at the temperature of 70℃. The cationic starch with high degree of substitution is used as anionic charge neutralizing agents to improve filler retention in wet-end section of papermaking machine.

MICROBIAL STRENGTHEN OF COTTON PULP BLACK LIQUOR ANAEROBIC TREATMENT AND BMP MEASUREMENT

This paper illustrates the general experiment principle of anaerobic biological cotton pulp black liquor microbial degradation, including the process and result of experiment. The result shows that the decrement of COD may arrive at 80% by the strengthen effect of Photosynthetic Bacteria. The biochemical methane Potential (BMP) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of cotton pulp black liquor are also measured during the experiment using improved measure method. The equivalent of COD and BMP is verified as a result. Finally analysis is done based on the experiment result.

ANALYSIS ON COMPOSITION OF FOULANTS FROM ALKALINE WHEAT STRAW BLACK LIQUOR AND DISCUSSION ON ITS FOR MING MECHANISM

Analysis on foulants shows that: the elements (except for C, H and O) in foulants formed during evaporating alkaline wheat straw black liquor are Si, Ca , K, Na, Mg and Al; Si and Ca account for about 36% of the weight of foulants; The organic ingredients amout to about 20% of the foulant; Rhodesite (Ca,K,Na)8Si16O40·11H2O is the main composition in foulants. The fouling mechanism of wheat black liquor is quite different from that of soft/hard wood black liquor, because the content of Si inside wheat straw black liquor is much more than that of soft/hard wood black liquor. Complex chemical reactions occur when evaporating wheat straw black liquor. The author considers that colloid H2SiO3 plays an important role in the process. The minerals produced by reactions between H2SiO3, with anion charges and positive ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, etc. Further investigation on the process should be done.The fractal theory is used to analyze the fouling geometric texture. The fractal dimension values D of foulants are also calculated.

STUDY ON ELIMINATING FLUORESCENCE IN COTTON PULP WITH PERACETIC ACID

This paper has studied processing conditions and the influence of every variable to the pulp when the fluorescence in cotton linter pulp is eliminated with peracetic acid. The suitable variables of the elimination of fluorescence. are found.

Tongue Image Feature Extraction in TCM

In this paper, digital image processing and computer vision techniques are applied to study tongue images for feature extraction with VC++ and Matlab. Extraction and analysis of the tongue surface features are based on shape, color, edge, and texture. The developed software has various functions and good user interface and is easy to use. Feature data for tongue image pattern recognition is provided, which form a sound basis for the future tongue image recognition.

STUDY ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF CELLULOSE FIBER/BASALTIC FIBER COMPOSITE PAPERBOARD

Influence factors on the biodegradation of cellulose fiber composite paperboard were studied experimentally and explained theoretically. The results show that the inorganic salts as nutriment added in the soil lixivium, the ratio of C/N, the temperature for biodegradation and content of basaltic fibers in the composite paperboard are the main influence factors.

SIMULTANEOUS REACTION AND LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION IN THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRODUCTION

The gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction system for preparing hydrogen peroxide via anthraquinone was investigated. The oxidation reaction of hydrogenated working solution was combined with the extraction of hydrogen peroxide from working solution in a sieve plate column. The reaction of 2-ethylanthrahydroquionone with oxygen and the liquid-liquid extraction of hydrogen peroxide take place simultaneously. The oxygen was introduced with hydrogenated working solution through a nozzle in the bottom of the column, which worked as agitated air as well as oxidation reagent. The results showed the oxidation and extraction do not hamper each other, on the contrary, the presence of oxidation gas in the column can promote the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from organic phase to aqueous phase, thus the reaction efficiency and extraction efficiency increased with increasing gas superficial velocity. Furthermore, the oxidation efficiency is almost 100% and the extraction efficiency is higher than 90% in this process.

THE STUDY ON TCF BLEACHING OF NS REED PULP

In this paper, we have researched TCF bleaching on reed pulp including oxygen delignification, oxygen delignification with H2O2 intensification and H2O2 bleaching. The results show that Op-P bleaching process on NS reed pulp is suitable and the brightness of bleached pulp is up to 82%ISO.

TREATMENT OF SWEET GUM LIGNIN BY LACCASE AND LMS

Cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) from sweet gum is treated by laccase and laccase/mediator system(LMS). Phenolic hydroxyl content of lignin is measured, and IR, GPC, 13C-NMR spectrograms are analyzed. Compared with control sample, phenolic hydroxyl content of lignin is a little higher after laccase treatment, whereas they are lower after LMS treatment. In LMS, lignin modification by laccase/ABTS is greater than by laccase/VA. It is found from IR that in lignin treated by laccase and LMS, relative content of siringyl hydroxyl group is higher, and α- conjugated carbonyl group content is a little higher. From GPC analysis, compared with control sample, molecular weight decrease after the treatment by laccase and LMS. And the decrement is greater by laccase alone than by LMS. According to 13C-NMR, relative content of carbonyl group and methoxyl group increase during the treatment by laccase alone, but the amount of them are lower after LMS treatment. And the amount of Cαand Cβ in β-O-4 has a little decrement after LMS treatment. It indicates that the oxidation of lignin by laccase and LMS proceed through different reaction pathways.

HYDROLYSIS OF PAPER-DISHWARE WASTES BY CELLULASE

The optimum conditions of hydrolysis of cellulosic wastes by cellulase were studied. The results show that the optimum conditions of sulfuric acid pretreatment were sulfuric acid consistency 0.3M,pretreatment temperature 100℃, pretreatment time 4hours. After sulfuric acid pretreatment, the optimum conditions of hydrolysis by cellulase were enzymatic temperature 50℃,enzymatic time 48hours,pH4.8,the charge of cellulase 100IU/g and the substraste consistency 60g/l. Meanwhile this paper studies that the structural change of cellulose during sulfuric acid pretreatment and cellulase hydrolysis by analyzing the infrared spectra.

PEROXYACID ENHANCED OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION OF KRAFT PULP

Effect of peroxyacid (a mixture of peroxymonosulfuric acid and peroxyacetic acid) pretreatment on oxygen delignification of kraft pulp from eucalyptus was studied, and the conditions of pretreatment (e.g. DTPA charge, peroxyacid charge, pretreatment time, pretreatment temperature and pH value) were optimized. The results show that peroxyacid pretreatment prior to oxygen delignification could enhance oxygen delignification of kraft pulp, and result in selective delignification and increased delignified-pulp brightness. The optimum conditions of peroxyacid pretreatment were as follows: peroxyacid charge 3% (on peroxymonosulfuric acid), 60℃, 30min, 12% pulp consistency, pH5.0. Pretreatment with 0.5%DTPA was essential before peroxyacid pretreatment. Under the optimum conditions, the degree of delignification and brightness of final pulp were increased by 12.4% (from 44.9% to 57.3%) and 4.9%(ISO, from 54.0% to 58.9%) respectively while maintaining a similar viscosity of final pulps compared to single oxygen delignification.

Study and Evaluation in CMOS Full Adders

Low power adder circuits, SERF, 10T Ⅰ,10T Ⅱ,10T Ⅲ and a complementary adder (28T) at physical layout level are evaluated. Simulations based on the extracted adder circuit layouts are run to assess how various circuit setups can impact the speed and power consumption. In addition, impacts of output inverters on the circuit performance of modified SERF and 10T adders due to threshold loss problem are also examined. Differences among these adders are addressed and applications of these adders are suggested.

WHEAT STRAW ALKALINE LIGNIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS RETENTION AID

In this paper, a new type of retention system of PEO/cofactor retention system is introduced, the cofactors used are phenol-formaldehyde resin, wheat straw alkaline lignin and its derivatives such as hydroxymethylated lignin, sulfited lignin and lignin-based phenol-formaldehyde resin. The first pass retention of newsprint slurry and the properties of handsheet are improved by using the system. The results indicate that a new application field for lignin has been exploited.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Complex [Cu(Phen)_3](ClO_4)_2(btio)(H_2O)

The title compound [Cu(Phen)3](ClO4)2(btio)(H2O), where btio = 2-(4- benzoyloxyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, has been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P?with a = 13.049(4), b = 13.827(5), c = 14.860(5) , a = 71.736(6), b = 77.076(6), g = 87.054(6)? C50H43Cl2CuN8O13, Mr = 1098.36, V = 2481(1) 3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.470 g/cm3, m(MoKa) = 0.622 mm-1, F(000) = 1132, the final R = 0.0639 and wR = 0.1473 for 8705 independent reflections with Rint =0.0285. The title compound is composed of [Cu(Phen)3]2+ moiety , one btio, two perchlorate ions and one water molecule. The copper(II) ion is octahedrally coordinated by three 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. The outer sphere consisting of one btio, two perchlorate ions and one water molecule is combined with the inner by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.

POLYETHER POLYURETHANE FROM MODIFIED WHEAT STRAW OXYGEN-ALKALINE LIGNIN

Polyether polyurethane was synthesized from modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin, polyethylene glycol and two different diisocyanates (diphenylemethane-4, 4’-diisocyanate, tolulene diisocyanate) by solution casting method, its properties were investigated. The results show that modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin can substitute part of polyethylene glycol to react with diisocyanate to synthesize polyurethane. The molar ratio of NCO to OH and modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin content affect the properties of lignin-based polyether polyurethane respectively. The addition of plasticizer in the polyurethane synthesis process improves the properties of synthesized polyurethane, especially the elasticity of polyurethane. The synthesized polyurethane from modified wheat straw oxygen-alkali lignin can be used as both engineering plastic and hard foam plastic in future.

Extreme Points and Strongly Extreme Points of Musielak-Orlicz Sequences Spaces

Criteria for extreme points and strongly extreme points in Musielak-Orliczsequence spaces, equipped with both the Luxemburg norm and the Orlicz norm, are given.