Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Albania. According to Institute of Statistics of Albania (ISA), CHD remains in the 5 first places caused mortality and m...Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Albania. According to Institute of Statistics of Albania (ISA), CHD remains in the 5 first places caused mortality and morbidity in our country. Currently, all the protocol treatments to Mother Teresa University Hospital (MTUH) are focused on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as the primary target for risk reduction therapy, followed by triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Our clinicians recommend that the intensity and target goals of LDL-C-lowering therapy should be adjusted to individual treatment. The choice of a specific drug from anti hypercholesterolemia class depends on several factors which need to be evaluated better from our health providers. Methods and Findings: Data was collected between 2007 to 2015 at Mother Teresa University Hospital (MTUH), Intensive Care Unit in Cardiology Clinic. 700 patients were treated with statins as follows: Fluvastain 40 mg and 80 mg, Atorvastatin 10 mg and 20 mg, Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin 20 mg. Statins are increased significantly during the years compared with fibrates. Their use grew from 87% of all statin types to 95% in 2015, with different types from fluvastatin in 2007 to atorvastatin being the leading medication in 2015. Coronary Heart Disease, especially Myocardium Infarct, were studied as diseases when meanly the hypolipidic drugs were usually used in medical protocol treatment. Statins and fibrates were the therapy target to be studied when statin dominated the patients’ treatment and fibrates were used in limited quantity. Atorvastatin is now dominating the market, while fluvastatin was on the first statin therapy for several years in the past. Fibrate were used in the modest quantities in value from 2% to 1.5% in years 2007 to 2015. The use of statins in moderate-risk and high-risk patients showed continued growth subsequently, but stable with dosage of atorvastatin 20 mg. Lower statin dosage used was independently associated for all patients, young patients had used high dosage of statins and fluvastatin respectively 40 mg and 80 mg. The missing high dosage of atorvastatin was notable. The values of LDL were improved but not in the level of efficacy of treatment. Conclusion: Statin therapy becomes more selected compared with fibrate. Atorvastatin 20 mg remains the most important stain used in our clinic, but low dosage remains still a problem. The expected level of LDL-C is the target for the practitioners. More aggressive statins such as rosuvastatin start to be present in our clinic, but it is less used by the patients. Meanwhile the lifestyle, exercises, balance diet, smoking cessation are parts of the patients’ files. The side effects are minors and the medication process has continued.展开更多
Passing through the world of translation opens new windows towards getting familiar with the literature,language,and culture of a specific country or countries.Proverbs express the wisdom of a nation and they are clos...Passing through the world of translation opens new windows towards getting familiar with the literature,language,and culture of a specific country or countries.Proverbs express the wisdom of a nation and they are closely related to its culture.During the translation process,we might encounter a lot of difficulties with the non-linguistic features.These non-linguistic features,in this paper,are going to be analysed the proverbs.Understanding this unique group of proverbs has been a topic of great importance for many scholars and language educators.The translation of proverbs includes feelings,history,religion,and the ways of living and thinking,all of which are part of a specific culture.Therefore,when we analyse proverbs,we are also analyzing the culture of a specific country,the period when these proverbs were first used,the manner how these proverbs were understood years ago,how people understand them now,etc.This paper is focused generally on some strategies that are suggested by various theorists that should be used while translating these kinds of proverbs.Later,there are presented some Albanian and English proverbs and they are compared to each other in order to clarify the language differences and/or similarities and the translation strategies that are used during the translating process.This is a wide topic and the author has tried to give a glimpse in the wonderful world of wisdom sayings that are passed orally from one generation to another and are considered a cultural and folkloric heritage of every country.展开更多
Media content in the digitalised world is nowadays able to reach bigger number of audience than ever before. The content is frequently reproduced online via social media and web portals. The growing number of media pl...Media content in the digitalised world is nowadays able to reach bigger number of audience than ever before. The content is frequently reproduced online via social media and web portals. The growing number of media platforms and the smartphones presence in millions of consumers＇ hands, has also stimulated growth in the level on interactivity between the media and the audience. Newspapers, radio, television and even specific programs are now entering the cross-media processes that enables direct communication with the audience, and allows participation of content-users in many ways. Audience is increasingly contributing to design content, production and also distribution in social media. This paper examines the dimensions of audience participation in five Albanian television channels and their online websites. Via the exploratory analysis used as a methodology to examine over three hundred audience participation encounters, the article discusses the audience behaviour and reaction on these particular websites on a period of five weeks across October to December 2016. The analysis focuses on audience active participation on specific sections of the websites. Interesting results emerge as the audience shows different perspectives via its participatory activities online, which can be classified into four main roles： consumers, citizens, commentators, and activists. The paper discusses the characteristics and insinuations of each of these emerging roles.展开更多
Albania has been a country with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B vaccine has been introduced nationwide in Albanian Immunization Program in 1994. Hepatitis B is given at birth, as a separate antigen...Albania has been a country with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B vaccine has been introduced nationwide in Albanian Immunization Program in 1994. Hepatitis B is given at birth, as a separate antigen, followed by three doses at 2, 4 and 6 months, where Hepatitis B, starting from 2009, is part of pentavalent vaccine of DTP-HepB-Hib. The aim of this study was to evaluate Immunization Program with Hepatitis B vaccination in order to prove program efficacy, increase public confidence in immunizations and advocate for sustainable immunization programs. Methodology was based on three components such as Immunization coverage surveys, serologic surveys and surveillance for acute cases of Hepatitis B. Results of this study showed that vaccination coverage is really high, more than 95% all over the country and with drop-out rates less than 10%. Anti-HBs levels in immunized children were very high in comparison with unimmunized ones. Incidence of HBV in children 0-14 years old is almost zero. Such results tell us that Hepatitis B vaccination is one of the most fruitful strategies for long term control of Hepatitis B disease.展开更多
Small and medium enterprises （SMEs） represent a significant portion of gross domestic product （GDP） and are recognized as pillars of the economy in Albania. They are the first generators of employment and have a p...Small and medium enterprises （SMEs） represent a significant portion of gross domestic product （GDP） and are recognized as pillars of the economy in Albania. They are the first generators of employment and have a positive impact on revenue from taxes and fees. SMEs are the main bearer of new technology and innovation in the economic fields and the development and exchange of experiences between countries and cultures. The main problems facing the SMEs are administrative barriers, project financing, and lack of specialists in specific profiles. The fact in Albania needs too much work to be done to improve the high degree of informality. The financial system in Albania has not been confronted with a pure financial crisis. The system has had problems that stem from macroeconomic and microeconomic issues, such as fiscal problems, the existence of the informal market, lack of public knowledge about the financial market, and the impact of the international crisis.展开更多
文摘Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Albania. According to Institute of Statistics of Albania (ISA), CHD remains in the 5 first places caused mortality and morbidity in our country. Currently, all the protocol treatments to Mother Teresa University Hospital (MTUH) are focused on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as the primary target for risk reduction therapy, followed by triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Our clinicians recommend that the intensity and target goals of LDL-C-lowering therapy should be adjusted to individual treatment. The choice of a specific drug from anti hypercholesterolemia class depends on several factors which need to be evaluated better from our health providers. Methods and Findings: Data was collected between 2007 to 2015 at Mother Teresa University Hospital (MTUH), Intensive Care Unit in Cardiology Clinic. 700 patients were treated with statins as follows: Fluvastain 40 mg and 80 mg, Atorvastatin 10 mg and 20 mg, Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin 20 mg. Statins are increased significantly during the years compared with fibrates. Their use grew from 87% of all statin types to 95% in 2015, with different types from fluvastatin in 2007 to atorvastatin being the leading medication in 2015. Coronary Heart Disease, especially Myocardium Infarct, were studied as diseases when meanly the hypolipidic drugs were usually used in medical protocol treatment. Statins and fibrates were the therapy target to be studied when statin dominated the patients’ treatment and fibrates were used in limited quantity. Atorvastatin is now dominating the market, while fluvastatin was on the first statin therapy for several years in the past. Fibrate were used in the modest quantities in value from 2% to 1.5% in years 2007 to 2015. The use of statins in moderate-risk and high-risk patients showed continued growth subsequently, but stable with dosage of atorvastatin 20 mg. Lower statin dosage used was independently associated for all patients, young patients had used high dosage of statins and fluvastatin respectively 40 mg and 80 mg. The missing high dosage of atorvastatin was notable. The values of LDL were improved but not in the level of efficacy of treatment. Conclusion: Statin therapy becomes more selected compared with fibrate. Atorvastatin 20 mg remains the most important stain used in our clinic, but low dosage remains still a problem. The expected level of LDL-C is the target for the practitioners. More aggressive statins such as rosuvastatin start to be present in our clinic, but it is less used by the patients. Meanwhile the lifestyle, exercises, balance diet, smoking cessation are parts of the patients’ files. The side effects are minors and the medication process has continued.
文摘Passing through the world of translation opens new windows towards getting familiar with the literature,language,and culture of a specific country or countries.Proverbs express the wisdom of a nation and they are closely related to its culture.During the translation process,we might encounter a lot of difficulties with the non-linguistic features.These non-linguistic features,in this paper,are going to be analysed the proverbs.Understanding this unique group of proverbs has been a topic of great importance for many scholars and language educators.The translation of proverbs includes feelings,history,religion,and the ways of living and thinking,all of which are part of a specific culture.Therefore,when we analyse proverbs,we are also analyzing the culture of a specific country,the period when these proverbs were first used,the manner how these proverbs were understood years ago,how people understand them now,etc.This paper is focused generally on some strategies that are suggested by various theorists that should be used while translating these kinds of proverbs.Later,there are presented some Albanian and English proverbs and they are compared to each other in order to clarify the language differences and/or similarities and the translation strategies that are used during the translating process.This is a wide topic and the author has tried to give a glimpse in the wonderful world of wisdom sayings that are passed orally from one generation to another and are considered a cultural and folkloric heritage of every country.
文摘Media content in the digitalised world is nowadays able to reach bigger number of audience than ever before. The content is frequently reproduced online via social media and web portals. The growing number of media platforms and the smartphones presence in millions of consumers＇ hands, has also stimulated growth in the level on interactivity between the media and the audience. Newspapers, radio, television and even specific programs are now entering the cross-media processes that enables direct communication with the audience, and allows participation of content-users in many ways. Audience is increasingly contributing to design content, production and also distribution in social media. This paper examines the dimensions of audience participation in five Albanian television channels and their online websites. Via the exploratory analysis used as a methodology to examine over three hundred audience participation encounters, the article discusses the audience behaviour and reaction on these particular websites on a period of five weeks across October to December 2016. The analysis focuses on audience active participation on specific sections of the websites. Interesting results emerge as the audience shows different perspectives via its participatory activities online, which can be classified into four main roles： consumers, citizens, commentators, and activists. The paper discusses the characteristics and insinuations of each of these emerging roles.
文摘Albania has been a country with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B vaccine has been introduced nationwide in Albanian Immunization Program in 1994. Hepatitis B is given at birth, as a separate antigen, followed by three doses at 2, 4 and 6 months, where Hepatitis B, starting from 2009, is part of pentavalent vaccine of DTP-HepB-Hib. The aim of this study was to evaluate Immunization Program with Hepatitis B vaccination in order to prove program efficacy, increase public confidence in immunizations and advocate for sustainable immunization programs. Methodology was based on three components such as Immunization coverage surveys, serologic surveys and surveillance for acute cases of Hepatitis B. Results of this study showed that vaccination coverage is really high, more than 95% all over the country and with drop-out rates less than 10%. Anti-HBs levels in immunized children were very high in comparison with unimmunized ones. Incidence of HBV in children 0-14 years old is almost zero. Such results tell us that Hepatitis B vaccination is one of the most fruitful strategies for long term control of Hepatitis B disease.
文摘Small and medium enterprises （SMEs） represent a significant portion of gross domestic product （GDP） and are recognized as pillars of the economy in Albania. They are the first generators of employment and have a positive impact on revenue from taxes and fees. SMEs are the main bearer of new technology and innovation in the economic fields and the development and exchange of experiences between countries and cultures. The main problems facing the SMEs are administrative barriers, project financing, and lack of specialists in specific profiles. The fact in Albania needs too much work to be done to improve the high degree of informality. The financial system in Albania has not been confronted with a pure financial crisis. The system has had problems that stem from macroeconomic and microeconomic issues, such as fiscal problems, the existence of the informal market, lack of public knowledge about the financial market, and the impact of the international crisis.
