Analysis and Related Suggestions on the Whole Process Engineering Consulting Service Mode at Home and Abroad

This paper first introduces the basic connotation of China’s whole-process engineering consulting.Immediately,analyze the organization model,service procurement model and charging standards of foreign whole-process engineering consulting(international terminology full-life cycle engineering consultant).Second,discuss the government’s role in the development of engineering consulting from two aspects:service management and market access.Finally,combined with the above analysis,the specific problems faced in the implementation process of the whole process engineering consulting are compared.Provide relevant suggestions on how companies and individuals respond to industry development trends.

A 3-D DDA damage analysis of brick masonry buildings under the impact of boulders in mountainous areas

In mountainous areas, geological disasters carrying large boulders can cause severe damage to the widely used masonry buildings due to the high impact forces. To better understand the damage of brick masonry buildings under the impact of boulders, a "block-joint" model is developed using threedimensional discontinuous deformation analysis(3-D DDA) to simulate the behaviour of the "brick-mortar" structure. The "block-joint" model is used to capture not only the large displacement and deformation of individual bricks but also the large-scale sliding and opening along the mortar between the bricks. The linear elastic constitutive model is applied to account for the non-plastic deformation behaviour of brick materials. Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics of the mortar are represented using the Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager criteria. To propose safe structural design schemes and effective reinforcement for brick masonry buildings, seven construction techniques are considered, includingdifferent grades of brick and mortar, effective shear areas and reinforced members. The proposed 3-D DDA model is used to analyse the velocity distribution and the key point displacements of the brick masonry building under the impact of boulders. The results show that upgrading the brick and mortar, increasing the wall thickness, making full use of the wall thickness, and adding a circular beam and structural column are very effective approaches for improving the impact resistance of brick masonry buildings.

Experimental investigation on single person's jumping load model

This paper presents a modified half-sine-squared load model of the jumping impulses for a single person. The model is based on a database of 22,921 experimentally measured single jumping load cycles from 100 test subjects. Threedimensional motion capture technology in conjunction with force plates was employed in the experiment to record jumping loads. The variation range and probability distribution of the controlling parameters for the load model such as the impact factor, jumping frequency and contact ratio, are discussed using the experimental data. Correlation relationships between the three parameters are investigated. The contact ratio and jumping frequency are identified as independent model parameters, and an empirical frequency-dependent function is derived for the impact factor. The feasibility of the proposed load model is established by comparing the simulated load curves with measured ones, and by comparing the acceleration responses of a single-degree-of-freedom system to the simulated and measured jumping loads. The results show that a realistic individual jumping load can be generated by the proposed method. This can then be used to assess the dynamic response of assembly structures.

Quantitative analysis of trace levels of β-ionone in water by liquid-liquidphase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(LLE-GC-MS)

A simple and rapid technique based on liquid-liquid extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection(LLE-GC-MS) was developed for analysis of taste and odour compound β-ionone in water. Instrument parameters including programmed oven temperature, injection temperature and ion source temperature were evaluated and optimized. Effects of extraction time, ionic strength and p H on the detection efficiency were investigated and optimum conditions were 8 min of extraction time, without Na Cl addition at p H=9. Good linearity(R2=0.9997) was obtained when the linear range was 10-500 μg/L. The recoveries of β-ionone in ultrapure water and tap water samples were 88%-95% and 110%-114%, respectively. The relative standard deviations(RSD) were less than 10%. The method detection limit(MDL) and rejection quality level(RQL) were achieved at1.98 μg/L and 6.53 μg/L, respectively. LLE-GC-MS was demonstrated to be a rapid and convenient method for the determination ofβ-ionone in water samples.

Exhaust hood performance and its improvement technologies in industrial buildings:A literatu rereview

The pollutant control performance of exhaust hoods plays a crucial role in the indoor air quality and energy consumption of ventilation systems in industrial buildings.To better understand the impact of local ventilation on the industrial indoor environment,this paper presents a literature review of exhaust hood performance and its improvement technologies.To create an index for evaluating the performance of exhaust hoods,the capture velocity,capture efficiency,flow ratio of pollutant emissions and exhaust airflow and energy consumption are first introduced.A number of factors affecting exhaust hood performance are assessed such as hood type,hood opening size,exhaust rate,installation distance,pollution source emission and environmental disturbance.Compared to structural improvement methods,the use of active airflow is a more effective way to improve the exhaust hood performance.The most commonly used methods for determining the exhaust rate are the controlled speed method and the flow ratio method.The use of an exhaust hood with an appropriate exhaust rate and jet parameters(for an active air-assisted hood)can effectively improve the pollutant control performance and reduce the energy consumption that would be wasted on the redundant exhaust rate.With more information focused on exhaust hood performance,this work suggests more effective strategies for improving indoor air quality and reducing energy consumption in industrial buildings.

Cross-sectional associations of dietary habits with asthma and wheeze in childhood:confounding for avoidance behaviors

The prevalence of childhood asthma has increased rapidly in China[1].In Shanghai,the prevalence has increased from 2.1%in 1990 to 10.2%in 2011 in 3-to 7-year-old children[2].Various environmental and lifestyle factors have been suspected of association with the increasing prevalence of asthma in childhood[3,4].Numerous studies have investigated possible associations between

Tuning the primary selective nanochannels of MOF thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes for efficient removal of hydrophobic endocrine disrupting compounds

Metal organic framework(MOF)incorporated thin-film nanocomposite(TFN)membranes have the potential to enhance the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs).In MOF-TFN membranes,water transport nanochannels include(i)pores of polyamide layer,(ii)pores in MOFs and(iii)channels around MOFs(polyamide-MOF interface).However,information on how to tune the nanochannels to enhance EDCs rejection is scarce,impeding the refinement of TFN membranes toward efficient removal of EDCs.In this study,by changing the polyamide properties,the water transport nanochannels could be confined primarily in pores of MOFs when the polyamide layer became dense.Interestingly,the improved rejection of EDCs was dependent on the water transport channels of the TFN membrane.At low monomer concentration(i.e.,loose polyamide structure),the hydrophilic nanochannels of MIL-101(Cr)in the polyamide layer could not dominate the membrane separation performance,and hence the extent of improvement in EDCs rejection was relatively low.In contrast,at high monomer concentration(i.e.,dense polyamide structure),the hydrophilic nanochannels of MIL-101(Cr)were responsible for the selective removal of hydrophobic EDCs,demonstrating that the manipulation of water transport nanochannels in the TFN membrane could successfully overcome the permeability and EDCs rejection trade-off.Our results highlight the potential of tuning primary selective nanochannels of MOF-TFN membranes for the efficient removal of EDCs.

Effect of typical meteorological year selection on integrated daylight modeling and building energy simulation

室外光环境和热环境的完整表征是利用模拟工具进行自然采光应用设计的基础,现阶段仍较为缺乏面向自然采光应用建筑能耗模拟所开发的典型气象年和生成方法,在现有典型气象年生成方法中未有纳入对光环境参数的考量。本研究考察了现有典型年生成方法对于自然采光能耗模拟的适用性,通过建立侧窗采光的办公建筑模型,利用所收集到的中国香港1979年至2007年的历史气象数据,在典型气象月筛选过程中采用三种加权方案,生成了三个典型气象年文件,用于进行基于气候的自然采光和建筑能耗模拟。结果表明,在年能耗水平上,使用生成的典型气象年文件所获得的能耗结果与长期平均年能耗数值较为一致,年最大偏差仅为1.8%。然而,针对月能耗结果的分析指出,使用所生成的三个典型气象年文件均不能获得全面代表长期月平均水平的能耗结果,月能耗最大偏差可高达11%。进一步分析指出,自然采光节能措施易受天气变化的影响,因此对其能耗性能水平进行日和月的评估将非常重要,尤其针对设计阶段。由于现有典型气象月筛选过程和典型气象年生成方法在此方面存在短板,有必要针对自然采光应用建筑的能耗模拟开发具有更精细时间尺度的典型气象输入数据文件.

Cluster and characteristic analysis of Shanghai metro stations based on metro card and land-use data

Metro is an important form of public transport in Shanghai.Based on the metro card data,we conduct the cluster analysis of Shanghai metro stations according to the pattern of passenger flow changing with time.Then the characteristics of travel time and surrounding land use are investigated for different types of stations to explore the relationship between urban land-use characteristics and travel activities reflected by passenger flow at metro stations.It is found that the passenger flow pattern of metro stations is closely related to the location conditions of stations and its surrounding land-use patterns.Based on various characteristics,285 metro stations are classified into four types,including residential-oriented stations,employmentoriented stations,employment-residence-oriented stations,and integrated functionaloriented stations,reflecting the interaction between spontaneous travel behavior and urban land-use characteristics and providing a reference for optimizing the urban functional structure and the spatial allocation of facilities.

A tale of the new and the old:renovation of Yong'an Warehouse at Yangpu waterfront,Shanghai

The urban riverside space of Shanghai is transforming.How to renovate industrial heritage buildings to renew their vitality while retaining their historical memories and integrate them into the contemporary cityscape and today's urban lifestyle is a common challenge encountered by contemporary architects.This article takes the renovation of Yong'an Warehouse as an example to showcase a typical heritage conservation project's design process.The architects took different approaches to accommodate the different statuses of the twin buildings of the Yong'an Warehouse,seeking to create a symbiotic twin relationship between the past and the present.This project adopted a conservation and utilisation approach that involves multilateral participation,emphasising value-oriented mythology,and providing an alternative thread for the renovation of historical architecture.

Three-dimensional DEM investigation of the stress-dilatancy relation of grain-cementing type methane hydrate-bearing sediment

In this study,the Discrete Element Method(DEM)was employed to investigate numerically the effects of hydrate cementation and intermediate principal stress on the stress-dilatancy relation of graincementing type methane hydrate-bearing sediment(MHBS)by conducting a series of conventional and true triaxial tests.A novel 3D thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)contact model for MHBS was employed.The numerical results show that with increasing hydrate saturation and back pressure,or decreasing confining pressure,temperature and salinity,the stress-dilation relation of grain-cementing type MHBS evolves from dilation-dominant to bond-dominant.For the clean sand samples,the relationship between the normalized stress ratio h/Mcr and the dilatancy rate d is close under different intermediate principal stress coefficients.However,for the MHBS samples,this relationship is still affected by the intermediate principal stress coefficient b,due to the effect of hydrate cementation.