Knee osteoarthritis:A review of animal models and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine

Background:Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)characterized by degeneration of knee cartilage and subsequent bone hyperplasia is a prevalent joint condition primarily affecting aging adults.The pathophysiology of KOA remains poorly understood,as it involves complex mechanisms that result in the same outcome.Consequently,researchers are interested in studying KOA and require appropriate animal models for basic research.Chinese herbal compounds,which consist of multiple herbs with diverse pharmacological properties,possess characteristics such as multicomponent,multipathway,and multitarget effects.The potential benefits in the treatment of KOA continue to attract attention.Purpose:This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages,limitations,and specific considerations in selecting different species and methods for KOA animal models.This will help researchers make informed decisions when choosing an animal model.Methods:Online academic databases(e.g.,PubMed,Google Scholar,Web of Science,and CNKI)were searched using the search terms“knee osteoarthritis,”“animal models,”“traditional Chinese medicine,”and their combinations,primarily including KOA studies published from 2010 to 2023.Results:Based on literature retrieval,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the methods of establishing KOA animal models;introduces the current status of advantages and disadvantages of various animal models,including mice,rats,rabbits,dogs,and sheep/goats;and presents the current status of methods used to establish KOA animal models.Conclusion:This study provides a review of the animal models used in recent KOA research,discusses the common modeling methods,and emphasizes the role of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in the treatment of KOA.

Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates inflammatory response ulcerative colitis through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Ulcer colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific,and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease.Recently,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been found to be closely associated with clinical inflammatory diseases.Achieving complete remission in patients with intermittent periods of activity followed by dormancy is challenging.Moreover,no study has explored the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.AIM To explore the mechanism by which Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enemas to attenuate the inflammatory response in UC.METHODS This prospective clinical study included patients who met the exclusion criteria in 2020 and 2021.The patients with UC were divided into two groups(control and experimental).The peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups were collected under aseptic conditions.The expression of TLR4 protein,NF-κB,IL-6,and IL-17 was detected in the peripheral blood of patients in the experimental group and control group before and 1 month after taking the drug.Linear co rrelation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of TLR4 protein and the expression levels of downstream signal NF-κB and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics between the control and experimental groups.The results showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4 protein expression in the experimental group was positively correlated with the expression level of downstream signal NF-κB and was positively correlated with the levels of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17(r=0.823,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Kuicolong-yu enema decoction retains traditional Chinese medicine enema attenuates the inflammatory response of UC through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Jianqu,a traditional Chinese medicine,alleviates functional dyspepsia in high-calorie and high-protein diet mice

Background:Jianqu has been used to alleviate symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia,but its specific anti-functional dyspepsia effect is still unclear.Therefore,our study aimed to investigate the impact of Jianqu on functional dyspepsia in mice.Methods:The phytochemical profile of Jianqu was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.Subsequently,Kunming mice were fed a high-calorie or high-protein diet(HCHP)for 7 days,and then orally treated with vehicle or Jianqu(1.62 g/kg body weight(b.w.)and 3.25 g/kg b.w.)for 10 days.A carbon powder solution was used to detect the gastric emptying and intestinal transit rate.The pathological changes in stomach and duodenum were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The occludin,claudin-1,ZO-1 and CD45 expression was measured by immunocytochemical staining.Importantly,the serum gastrointestinal hormones were detected by ELISA.In addition,the gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The cecal short chain fatty acids were assessed by gas chromatography.Results:In general,17 phytochemical compounds were identified from Jianqu,which significantly improved the gastric emptying rate and intestinal transit rate(p<0.01),increased the body weight and food intake(p<0.0001)in HCHP mice as well.Though HCHP did not cause significant pathological lesions in the gastrointestinal tract,increased the expression of CD45 in the duodenum(p<0.05)was observed.Notably,Jianqu attenuated this abnormal expression of CD45(p<0.05).The levels of serum gastrointestinal hormones were significantly normalized by Jianqu intervention(p<0.05).Moreover,Jianqu increased the relative abundance of Roseburia as well as short chain fatty acids levels in cecum(p<0.05).Conclusion:The present results showed that Jianqu alleviated dyspeptic symptoms in HCHP mice possibly through reducing the duodenal leukocyte infiltration,and regulating the expression of gastrointestinal hormones.These effects may be partly related to the increasing cecal short chain fatty acids levels probably via gut microbial modulation.

Analysis on the Changes of Research Hotspots in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 by Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Knowledge Graph

Objective: To grasp the changing trend of research hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and to better play the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and other diseases. Methods: The research literature from 2020 to 2022 was searched in the CNKI database, and CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis. Results: The papers on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by traditional Chinese medicine changed from cases, overviews, reports, and efficacy studies to more in-depth mechanism research, theoretical exploration, and social impact analysis, and finally formed a theory-clinical-society Influence-institutional change and other multi-dimensional achievement systems. Conclusion: Analyzing the changing trends of TCM hotspots in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 can fully understand the important value of TCM, take the coordination of TCM and Western medicine as an important means to deal with public health security incidents, and promote the exploration of the potential efficacy of TCM, so as to enhance the role of TCM in Applications in social stability, emergency security, clinical practice, etc.

Traditional Chinese medicine: empowering tuberculosis prevention and control

Dear Editor,Tuberculosis(TB)is an airborne chronic infectious disease,posing long-lasting challenges and causing extensive health crises and deaths to humanity throughout history,despite existing prevention and treatment methods.The latest TB statistics report released by the World Health Organization in 2023 pointed out that,in 2022,the world recorded approximately 10.6 million new confirmed cases of TB.Among them,China accounted for about 748,000,around 7.1%of the total[1].

Effect of the traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer for treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction

Background:To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer for the treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).Methods:This is a randomized,controlled,non-masked,single-center study.Seventy-four cases(74 eyes)of dry eye associated with MGD were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-seven patients were chosen as the treatment group was treated by the traditional Chinese medicine fumigation 3 times a week combined with the meibomian gland squeezer once a week for one month.The other 37 cases were sorted as the control group and only treated with the meibomian gland squeezer once a week for one month.Both groups received the primary treatment for 1 month,including Tobradex eye ointment once a day and 0.1%sodium hyaluronate eye drops 4-6 times daily.Patients were evaluated at baseline and 2-week and 1-month visits for the ocular symptom scores,international ocular surface disease index(OSDI),fluorescein tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining test(CFS),Schirmer I test,meibum quality and meibum expressibility.Results:Sixty-seven patients were followed in the study,and the mean age was 57(±12.6)years.Thirty-three patients(11 males)in the treatment group and 34 patients(8 males)in the control group were followed in the study,and the mean age of the two groups was 45.36±15.02 years and 43.68±13.43 years,respectively.Before treatment,there was no significant difference between the two groups in gender,age,ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,Schirmer I test,meibum quality,and meibum expressibility(P>0.05).Compared with baseline,the 2 groups had different degrees of improvement in the ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,meibum quality,and meibum expressibility at the 2-week and 1-month visits(P<0.05),and the treatment group showed a more significant improvement in the ocular symptom scores,OSDI,TBUT,CFS,meibum quality and meibum expressibility compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,no serious adverse events were observed in each group.Conclusions:The traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with the meibomian gland squeezer may be safe,effective,and helpful for the treatment of dry eye associated with MGD.

Research progress on the anti-colorectal cancer effect of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients based on ferroptosis

Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that is initiated by the toxic accumulation of lipid peroxides on cellular membranes.In the past decade,ferroptosis has aroused considerable interest in comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer,mainly as it is a specific cell death mode that is mechanistically and morphologically differ from other forms of cell death such as autophagy,apoptosis,and pyroptosis,following by holding a giant potential for the therapy of colorectal cancer.Research has found that various active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine possess the ability of inducing ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells through pathways such as lipid metabolism,iron metabolism,or cysteine/glutamate transporter system,which demonstrating enormous clinical therapeutic potential.In this review,the metabolic regulatory network of ferroptosis is introduced from the perspective of ferroptosis mechanism,and the information on the induction of ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine is also be retrospected,which the purpose is to provide novel strategies for the anti-colorectal cancer therapy of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.

Natural regulatory T cells and bifunctional regulatory T cells:potential targets of traditional Chinese medicine in treating colitis-associated colon cancer

Colon cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignancies globally,ranking third in terms of new cancer cases and second as a cause of cancer deaths[1].In recent 30 years,the incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China have been increasing,gradually exceeding the global levels[2].Due to the fact that most CRC patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage,the treatment of this disease is challenging and often ineffective.Therefore,prevention and early diagnosis of CRC are crucial.

Synergistic effects of three traditional herbs green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk on glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts and the hypoglycemic mechanism

Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes based on the synergistic hypoglycemic effects.

The basic core traditional C hinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its active mechanisms

Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.

Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily mediated by T cell.It has not been fully elucidated about the pathogenesis,and it is presently thought to be related to genetic susceptibility,infection and environmental triggers,and abnormal autoimmune regulation.Recent studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine can improve the biochemical indicators and clinical symptoms of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.This article reviews the specific mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on treating autoimmune hepatitis in order to propose new ideas for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Traditional Chinese Medicine's Spleen Strengthening and Intestinal Microecology

The"spleen"in traditional Chinese medicine is the"acquired foundation"and the"source of qi and blood biochemistry".Strengthening the"spleen"is one of the important treat‐ment methods in traditional Chinese medicine;The gut microbiota has been a hot topic in modern scientific research in recent years,and its nutritional and immune functions correspond to some of the functions of the spleen in traditional Chinese medicine.In terms of philosophy,traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the balance between the spleen and the gut microbiota,emphasizing the importance of supporting the right and eliminating evil,preventing diseases before they occur,seeking the root cause of treat‐ment,and adapting measures to the three causes;Clinically,the treatment of obesity,con‐stipation,diarrhea and other diseases by invigorating the spleen and the treatment mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion,chiropractic and invigorating the spleen are all related to microecology.This article combines relevant literature on traditional Chinese medicine's"spleen"and"spleen health"to explore the treatment concept,clinical application,and correlation with intestinal microbiota of traditional Chinese medicine's"spleen health".It also elaborates on the latest literature,aiming to exchange ideas with peers and promote research on the microbiota of traditional Chinese medicine's"spleen".

The causes of adverse reactions in traditional Chinese medicine

With the increasingly widespread application of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice,the safety of traditional Chinese medicine has been given more attention.The occurrence of adverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine will harm the health of patients,leading to a certain incidence rate and mortality rate,and serious adverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine will lead to increased treatment costs of patients,bringing huge economic burden to patients and society[1-3].

Traditional Chinese Medicine in colorectal cancer treatment:a bibliometrics study and visualization analysis via CiteSpace

Objective:To evaluate the current state of research and areas of interest for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the field of colorectal cancer treatment.Methods:Related papers published between January 1,2012,and November 27,2021,were found using the Web of Science Core Collection Science Citation Index Expanded.Using CiteSpace's network map generation capability,we then determined the top writers,organizations,countries,keywords,co-cited writers,journals,references,and research trends.Results:This investigation yielded a total of 336 relevant papers.China is the most productive country.Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the leading institution.The journal with the most popularity and publishing volume is Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.The author with the most citations and centrality is Lin JM.The terms"epithelial-mesenchymal transition,""cell cycle arrest,""apoptosis,"and"autophagy"are highly frequent and have a high betweenness centrality.Conclusion:According to the results,research on natural products,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)extracts,and the molecular mechanisms of TCM chemical constituents constitutes the primary focus within TCM cancer treatment investigations.In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in exploring the role of gut microbiota in TCM chemical constituents research,particularly in its ability to induce apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells,thereby suppressing tumor cell proliferation,metastasis,and invasion.However,due to the intricate composition of TCM and existing technical limitations,the underlying principles guiding TCM's efficacy in treating colorectal cancer remain unclear and warrant further investigation.

Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes with Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Intestinal Flora

In recent years,the World Health Organization has proposed the concept that only intes‐tinal health can lead to longevity.It can be seen that gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health,and gut microbiota has become a hot topic in medical research.With the change of Chinese residents'lifestyle,the incidence rate of diabetes is increasing rapidly.Research shows that the incidence of diabetes is closely related to intestinal flora imbalance.Traditional Chinese medicine can reduce blood sugar and improve clinical symptoms by regulating intestinal flora.Based on the theory of tradi‐tional Chinese medicine,this paper discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of intestinal flora imbalance,and provides a theoretical basis for traditional Chinese medicine to regu‐late intestinal flora to prevent and treat diabetes.Intestinal flora is a complex ecosystem,which plays an important role in maintaining human health.The imbalance of intestinal flora may lead to the occurrence of diabetes.The dynamic balance of gut microbiota is closely related to the kidneys,spleen,liver,and lungs.Traditional Chinese medicine monomer and compound can prevent and cure diabetes by regulating intestinal flora.

Research Progress in the Treatment of Poststroke Depression with Traditional Chinese Medicine

In recent years,the incidence rate of stroke has increased year by year.Post stroke depres‐sion is one of its main complications,which seriously affects the recovery of physiological functions and quality of life of stroke patients.Traditional Chinese medicine has signifi‐cant therapeutic effects in treating this disease.This article provides a classification and review of traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods for post-stroke depression,and looks forward to the current problems.

Study on the Changes of Medical Income Structure in Governmentrun Hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2021

Objective To study the changing characteristics and trend of medical income structure in the government-run hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),evaluate the effects of relevant reform measures,and to put forward corresponding suggestions for further optimizing their income structure.Methods The data related to the average medical income of government-run hospitals of TCM from 2012 to 2021 were sorted out.Then,descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the changes of related indicators.Besides,structural change method was applied to investigate the changes of outpatient income and inpatient income.Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021,the growth of medical income in government-run hospitals of TCM tended to be stable,and the proportion of medical service income increased from 22.62%(2012)to 29.38%(2021),but the average annual growth rate was only 0.68%.The main items that caused the change of outpatient income structure were medicine revenue,laboratory tests,diagnosis and treatment,and the cumulative contribution rate was 89.15%.The main items that caused the change of inpatient income structure were medicine revenue,sanitary materials,and auxiliary examinations income,with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.04%.However,the contribution rate of registration,diagnosis,treatment,surgery and nursing income reflecting the value of medical personnel’s technical labor was relatively small.The medical income structure of government-run hospitals of TCM underwent great changes and gradually became reasonable,but the medical service income increased slowly,and not all indicators achieved the expectations.To promote the sustainable development of public hospitals of TCM and enable them to provide high-quality and efficient TCM medical and health services,it is necessary to further improve the relevant policy mechanism.

Exploring the medication pattern and mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in treating polycystic ovary syndrome with kidney deficiency and blood stasis based on data mining and network pharmacology

Background:Using network pharmacology to explore the potential molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Method:Collect the related literature materials of PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome treated by traditional Chinese medicine in four databases in recent ten years,extract the information of prescriptions and complete the frequency analysis.Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database was used to screen out the effective components.Use Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and other databases to screen PCOS disease targets.The intersection targets obtained by clustering prescription and PCOS disease targets were submitted to STRING database for protein-protein interaction network analysis,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were analysed by Metascape.Result:There are 155 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines used in the literature.The most commonly utilized ones are Cuscutae Semen,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata.The results of the cluster analysis indicated that the plants most commonly found throughout the prescription were Leonuri Herba,Lycopi Herba,Dipsaci Radix,etc.GO results show that biological processes include cell reaction to organic nitrogen compounds and cell reaction to nitrogen compounds.The functional display of GO molecule includes cytokine receptor binding,signal receptor regulator activity and so on.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results show that the possible mechanisms of action are cancer pathway,an endocrine resistance signal pathway.Conclusion:Through data mining,the cluster prescription for PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is Leonuri Herba,Lycopi Herba,Dipsaci Radix,etc.The network pharmacology research of cluster prescription shows that the main drug components for treating PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome are quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,tanshinone IIA,etc.,which act on PTGS2,NCOA2,and other targets,and treat PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome through cancer and endocrine resistance.

The history,research,and application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)guidance techniques in the clinical management of chronic

Traditional Chinese guidance techniques are an important part of traditional Chinese medicine and involve integrating three aspects:essence,energy,and spirit,while combining physical movement,breath control,and mental regulation.Traditional Chinese guidance techniques include Tai Chi,Eight Section Brocade,Five Animal Frolics,Yi Jin Jing,and Liu Zi Jue,among others.In recent years,an increasing number of clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of guidance techniques on promoting health and well-being safely.This study provides a systematic and comprehensive summary and analysis of the research on the application of Traditional Chinese guidance techniques in the management of chronic diseases,offering valuable insights for future clinical research directions and the integration of these techniques into medical practice.

Integrated data mining and network pharmacology to discover a novel traditional Chinese medicine prescription against diabetic retinopathy and reveal its mechanism

elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.This study aimed to screen a novel TCM prescription against DR from patents and elucidate its medication rule and molecular mechanism using data mining,network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Method:TCM prescriptions for treating DR was collected from patents and a novel TCM prescription was identified using data mining.Subsequently,the mechanism of the novel TCM prescription against DR was explored by constructing a network of core TCMs-core active ingredients-core targets-core pathways.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation were employed to validate the findings from network pharmacology.Result:The TCMs of the collected prescriptions primarily possessed bitter and cold properties with heat-clearing and supplementing effects,attributed to the liver,lung and kidney channels.Notably,a novel TCM prescription for treating DR was identified,composed of Lycii Fructus,Chrysanthemi Flos,Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Twenty core active ingredients and ten core targets of the novel TCM prescription for treating DR were screened.Moreover,the novel TCM prescription played a crucial role for treating DR by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress,retinal pigment epithelium cell apoptosis and retinal neovascularization through various pathways,such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the MAPK signaling pathway.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation demonstrated that almost all core active ingredients exhibited satisfactory binding energies to core targets.Conclusions:This study identified a novel TCM prescription and unveiled its multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics for treating DR.These findings provide a scientific basis and novel insights into the development of drugs for DR prevention and treatment.