Comment on: Trends in research related to high myopia from 2010 to 2019: a bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis

Dear Editor,Zhang et al[1] recently published a bibliometric paper entitled "Trends in research related to high myopia from 2010 to 2019: A bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis". The authors mentioned in section Data Source and Research Strategy that "we retrieved Wo SCC(https://webofknowledge.com/) in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE) database online as data source".

Trends of incidence and mortality rates of stroke from 1983 to 2000 in Hanzhong rural population

Objective: To explore the trends of incidence and mortality rates of stroke in Hanzhong rural population. Methods: Acting as the WHO MONICA project. Results: The incidence rate of stroke was 152.9/100 000. There was decline trend in male(P<0.05). The mortality rate of stroke was 115.9/100 000. There was no significant decline trend during 18-year period (P<0.05). The incidence and mortality rates of stroke of male were higher than those of female(P<0.05).The incidence and mortality rates were all increased with age(P<0.01). Conclusion: It must stick to the long- term prevention measures to decrease incidence rate, and improve the condition of medical treatment to reduce the mortality rate in rural population.

Comments on Research trends of macrophage polarization: a bibliometric analysis

Gao et al[1] recently published a paper in Chinese Medical Journal entitled u Research trends of macrophage polarization:a bibliometric analysis:In this article,Gao et al mentioned in Section Methods,that"Data were obtained from the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-E)database of the 4Web of Science Core Collection5 on October 25,2017.The search query used was'TS=(macrophage AND polarization).'The timespan was set between the years 2007 and 2016,and the language was set to'English,' and document type was set to'article.5 The search resulted in 3064 articles that met the inclusion criteria."

Comment on: Bibliometric analysis of glaucoma-related literature based on SCIE database: a 10-year literature analysis from 2009 to 2018

Dear Editor,Sun et al[1]recently published a bibliometric paper in the International Journal of Ophthalmology entitled“Bibliometric analysis of glaucoma-related literature based on SCIE database:a 10-year literature analysis from 2009 to 2018”.The authors mentioned in section MATERIALS AND METHODS that“SCIE database established by Institute for Scientific Information(ISI)was used for the purpose of this study.”and“The search strategy was as follows:theme=(glaucoma OR ocular hypertension),and the‘theme’field contains:title,abstract,author keywords,and keywords plus.Document type=(article),and other types of articles,such as case reports,reviews,letters to the editors,and so on,were excluded.The time period of publications was focused on the latest 10y from 2009 to 2018.And the search date was 2019-3-29.”

When nets meet environmental DNA metabarcoding:integrative approach to unveil invertebrate community patterns of hypersaline lakes

Saline and hypersaline wetlands account for almost half of the volume of inland water globally.They provide pivotal habitat for a vast range of species,including crucial ecosystem services for humans such as carbon sink storage and extractive resource reservoirs.Despite their importance,effective ecological assessment is in its infancy compared to current conventional surveys carried out in freshwater ecosystems.The integration of environmental DNA(eDNA)analysis and traditional techniques has the potential to transform biomonitoring processes,particularly in remote and understudied saline environments.In this context,this preliminary study aims to explore the potential of eDNA coupled with conventional approaches by targeting five hypersaline lakes at Rottnest Island(Wadjemup)in Western Australia.We focused on the invertebrate community,a widely accepted key ecological indicator to assess the conservational status in rivers and lakes.The combination of metabarcoding with morphology-based taxonomic analysis described 16 taxa belonging to the orders Anostraca,Diptera,Isopoda,and Coleoptera.DNA-based diversity assessment revealed more taxa at higher taxonomic resolution than the morphology-based taxonomic analysis.However,certain taxa(i.e.,Ephydridae,Stratyiomidae,Ceratopogonidae)were only identified via net surveying.Overall,our results indicate that great potential resides in combining conventional net-based surveys with novel eDNA approaches in saline and hypersaline lakes.Indeed,urgent and effective conservational frameworks are required to contrast the enormous pressure that these ecosystems are increasingly facing.Further investigations at larger spatial temporal scales will allow consolidation of robust,reliable,and affordable biomonitoring frameworks in the underexplored world of saline wetlands.

Signaling interactions among neurons impact cell fitness and death in Alzheimer's disease

The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease involves a long preclinical period,where the characteristic clinical symptoms of the changes in the brain are undetectable.During the preclinical period,homeostatic mechanisms may help prevent widespread cell death.Evidence has pointed towards selective cell death of diseased neurons playing a potentially protective role.As the disease progresses,dysregulation of signaling pathways that govern cell death contributes to neurodegeneration.Aberrant activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway has been established in human and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease caused by amyloid-beta 42-or tau-mediated neurodegeneration.Clonal mosaic studies in Drosophila that examine amyloid-beta 42 in a subset of neurons suggest complex interplay between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type cells.This review examines the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in the context of cell competition and short-range signaling interactions between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type neurons.Cell competition is a conserved phenomenon regulating tissue integrity by assessing the fitness of cells relative to their neighbors and eliminating suboptimal cells.Somatic clones of amyloid-beta 42 that juxtapose genetically distinct neuronal cell populations show promise for studying neurodegeneration.Generating genetic mosaics with labeled clones of amyloid-beta 42-or tau-expressing and wild-type neurons will allow us to understand how short-range signaling alterations trigger cell death in neurons and thereby contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.These approaches have the potential to uncover biomarkers for early Alzheimer’s disease detection and new therapeutic targets for intervention.

Highly cited publication performance in the ophthalmology category in the Web of Science database:a bibliometric analysis

AIM:To determine and evaluate the features of highly cited articles(HCAs)in the ophthalmology category in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-EXPANDED)from 1991 to 2020.METHODS:The Web of Science Core Collection documents with at least 100 citations from their publication year until December 31,2020,were evaluated as highly cited.The examined features were the distribution of yearly output and its average number of per publication,HCAs,authors,institutions,journals,and nations.The publication performance of nations and organizations was assessed using six publication indicators.The Y-index was employed to compare the research outputs of various authors.RESULTS:Publications that had cited the most references were highly published in high-impact factor journals.The United States of America came out on top across all six publication indicators,and it was home to eight of the top 10 most productive institutions.The articles written by Breivik et al(2006)and Farrar et al(2001)were highly cited and had a significant impact in 2020.The authors had a higher number of highly cited articles published as corresponding authors than as first authors.CONCLUSION:The findings of the present study highlight the current scope of global research in ophthalmology.The findings can help policy-makers and advisory groups of research centers to develop future policies.In addition,the findings can guide researchers in this field.

Treatment and Maintenance of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome in Female Patients with Cetirizine-Famotidine: A Case Series

Purpose: Interstitial cystitis/Bladder pain syndrome is an inflammatory disorder of the bladder, for which histamine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. The condition is often refractory to standard-of-care medical treatments, including the antihistamines hydroxyzine or cimetidine, and procedures. Herein we report a physician-sponsored proof-of-principle case series of four adult female patients with chronic painful bladder and frequent urination, who were treated once daily with a low dose H1 + H2 histamine receptor antagonist combination. Materials and Methods: Four adult females with Interstitial cystitis/Bladder pain syndrome were treated once daily with a compounded oral dosage form containing the H1 receptor antagonist-cetirizine 8 mg in combination with the H2 receptor antagonist-famotidine 22 mg. The case series consists of a retrospective review of the symptom severity prior to versus following H1 + H2 treatment. Results and Conclusions: The once daily dual histamine receptor antagonist therapy substantially reduced the pain and urination frequency, and prophylactically maintained all four patients long-term with substantially reduced disease severity. The reduction in symptom severity was achieved at amounts that do not exceed the US FDA approved and exceptionally safe daily doses for the two over-the-counter monotherapies. This case series provides proof-of-principle evidence that a dual antihistamine combination of cetirizine plus famotidine effectively treated and maintained female patients, who were previously refractory to standard-of-care medications and/or procedures.

SCIE中化学工程高引用文章的文献计量学分析(英文)

This study aimed to identify and to analyze characteristics of top-cited articles published in the Web of Science chemical engineering subject category from 1899 to 2011.Articles that have been cited more than 100 times were assessed regarding publication outputs,and distribution of outputs in journals.Five bibliometric indicators were used to evaluate source countries,institution and authors.A new indicator,Y-index,was created to assess quantity and quality of contribution to articles.Results showed that 3828 articles,published between 1931 and 2010,had been cited at least 100 times.Among them 54% published before 1991,and 49% top-cited articles originated from US.The top eight productive institutions were all located in US.The top journals were Journal of Catalysis,AIChE Journal,Chemical Engineering Science and Journal of Membrane Science.Y-index was successfully applied to evaluate publication character of authors,institutions,and countries/regions.

Alzheimer's disease: the silver tsunami of the 21^(st) century

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）, a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has no cure to date. One of the causes of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta 42（Aβ42） plaques, which result in the onset of neurodegeneration. It is not known how these plaques trigger the onset of neurodegeneration. There are several animal models developed to（i） study etiology of disease,（ii） look for genetic modifiers, and（iii） identify chemical inhibitors that can block neurodegeneration and help to find cure for this disease. An insect model of Drosophila melanogaster has also provided new insights into the disease. Here we will discuss the utility of the Drosophila eye model to study Alzheimer＇s disease.

Interdecadal Variability of Temperature and Precipitation in China since 1880

Reconstruction of a homogeneous temperature and precipitation series for China is crucial for a proper understanding of climate change over China. The annual mean temperature anomaly series of ten regions are found from 1880 to 2002. Positive anomalies over China during the 1920s and 1940s are noticeable. The linear trend for the period of 1880-2002 is 0.58℃(100a)-1, which is a little less than the global mean (0.60℃ (100a)-1). 1998 was the warmest year in China since 1880, which is in agreement with the estimation of the global mean temperature. The mean precipitation on a national scale depends mainly on the precipitation over East China. Variations of precipitation in West China show some characteristics which are independent of those in the east. However, the 1920s was the driest decade not only for the east, but also for eastern West China during the last 120 years. The most severe drought on a national scale occurred in 1928. Severe droughts also occurred in 1920, 1922, 1926, and 1929 in North China. It is noticeable that precipitation over East China was generally above normai in the 1950s and 1990s; severe floods along the Yangtze River in 1954, 1991, and 1998 only occurred in these two wet decades. An increasing trend in precipitation variations is observed during the second half of the 20th century in West China, but a similar trend is not found in East China, where the 20- to 40-year periodicities are predominant in the precipitation variations.

Primary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder: drugs and implications

Because posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a highly debilitating condition, prevention is an important research topic. This article reviews possible prevention approaches that involve the administration of drugs before the traumatic event takes place. The considered approaches include drugs that address the sympathetic nervous system, drugs interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis, narcotics and other psychoactive drugs, as well as modulators of protein synthesis. Furthermore, some thoughts on potential ethical implications of the use of drugs for the primary prevention of PTDS are presented. While there are many barriers to overcome in this field of study, this paper concludes with a call for additional research, as there are currently no approaches that are well-suited for regular daily use.

Exploring the efficacy of natural products in alleviating Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer's disease (hereafter AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system. There are multiple factors that cause AD, viz., accumulation of extracellular Amyloid-beta 42 plaques, intracellular hyper-phosphorylated Tau tangles, generation of reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic mutations. The plaques and tau tangles trigger aberrant signaling, which eventually cause cell death of the neurons. As a result, there is shrinkage of brain, cogrdtive defects, behavioral and psychological problems. To date, there is no direct cure for AD. Thus, scientists have been testing various strategies like screening for the small inhibitor molecule library or natural products that may block or prevent onset of AD. Historically, natural products have been used in many cultures for the treatment of various diseases. The research on natural products have gained importance as the active compounds extracted from them have medicinal values with reduced side effects, and they are bioavailable. The natural products may target the proteins or members of signaling pathways that get altered in specific diseases. Many natural products are being tested in various animal model systems for their role as a potential therapeutic target for AD, and to address questions about how these natural products can rescue AD or other neurodegenerative disorders. Some of these products are in clinical trials and results are promising because of their neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase activities and easy availability. This review summarizes the use of animal model systems to identify natural products, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets for AD.

The Characteristic Relationship Between Oil Uptake and Moisture Content during the High Temperature Immersion Frying of Thin Potato Crisps

Thin potato crisps (2mm) were fried at 170℃, 180℃ and 190℃ for various times from 10s to 180s inclusive. It was found that definite oil uptake, moisture loss trends exist during the frying process. No significant difference in the oil uptake or moisture loss rates between flat-cut and ridge-cut crisps exists. Also found in this study was that an increased oil temperature promoted higher moisture loss rates. In turn, the higher moisture loss rates contributed to a higher oil uptake rate. It was found, based on the volumetric plots of oil content vs. water content, that the oil uptake rate was proportional to the moisture loss rate. As a result, it has been shown that there is a possibility of having a characteristic curve of oil uptake against moisture content.

The Buffer Capability of the Ocean to Increasing Atmospheric CO_2

The CO_2-seawater system and the method for calculating the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in seawater are studied. The buffer capability of the ocean to increasing atmospheric CO2 is expressed in terms of the differential buffer factor and buffer index. Dissolutions of aragonite and calcite have a significant inffluence on the differential buffer factor. The trend of change in the buffer factor is obtained by a box model.

魅力屏风

屏风在居室中除了起到划分空间的作用,还有强烈的装饰效果。设计屏风时,既要考虑房间的整体风格,又要考虑屋主的生活习惯,在家里放置一款精致的屏风,不仅可以摆脱空间的单一性,还能为居室带来无限生机和雅趣。目前,屏风无论在材质、造型或色彩方面都比较丰富,为家居营造不同的艺术情调与文化氛围。

Hippo signaling:bridging the gap between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders

During development,regulation of organ size requires a balance between cell proliferation,growth and cell death.Dysregulation of these fundamental processes can cause a variety of diseases.Excessive cell proliferation results in cancer whereas excessive cell death results in neurodegenerative disorders.Many signaling pathways known-to-date have a role in growth regulation.Among them,evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway is unique as it controls both cell proliferation and cell death by a variety of mechanisms during organ sculpture and development.Neurodegeneration,a complex process of progressive death of neuronal population,results in fatal disorders with no available cure to date.During normal development,cell death is required for sculpting of an organ.However,aberrant cell death in neuronal cell population can result in neurodegenerative disorders.Hippo pathway has gathered major attention for its role in growth regulation and cancer,however,other functions like its role in neurodegeneration are also emerging rapidly.This review highlights the role of Hippo signaling in cell death and neurodegenerative diseases and provide the information on the chemical inhibitors employed to block Hippo pathway.Understanding Hippo mediated cell death mechanisms will aid in development of reliable and effective therapeutic strategies in future.

Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health

酱汁在逐渐升温

历史上,总是有一些东西在经济崩溃中脱颖而出。随着家庭烹调迅速达到一个25年新高,根据NPD组织的统计,消费者对餐厅的再次光顾持续削减,对于在家里准备餐厅风格食物的空前需求,香料混合物,酱汁,腌泡汁和调味品,很可能会在当前的经济衰退期占据首位。