Lineaperpetua gen.nov.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua gen.nov.Yu,You,Kociolek&Wang is described.The features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal fultoportulae.Additionally,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of L.lacustris in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to Thalassiosirales.Despite the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other genera.These molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

Host cell protein quantification workflow using optimized standards combined with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry

Monitoring of host cell proteins(HCPs)during the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies(mAb)has become a critical requirement to provide effective and safe drug products.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are still the gold standard methods for the quantification of protein impurities.However,this technique has several limitations and does,among others,not enable the precise identification of proteins.In this context,mass spectrometry(MS)became an alternative and orthogonal method that delivers qualitative and quantitative information on all identified HCPs.However,in order to be routinely implemented in biopharmaceutical companies,liquid chromatography-MS based methods still need to be standardized to provide highest sensitivity and robust and accurate quantification.Here,we present a promising MS-based analytical workflow coupling the use of an innovative quantification standard,the HCP Profiler solution,with a spectral library-based data-independent acquisition(DIA)method and strict data validation criteria.The performances of the HCP Profiler solution were compared to more conventional standard protein spikes and the DIA approach was benchmarked against a classical datadependent acquisition on a series of samples produced at various stages of the manufacturing process.While we also explored spectral library-free DIA interpretation,the spectral library-based approach still showed highest accuracy and reproducibility(coefficients of variation<10%)with a sensitivity down to the sub-ng/mg mAb level.Thus,this workflow is today mature to be used as a robust and straightforward method to support mAb manufacturing process developments and drug products quality control.

Fracture of Limbs Bones in a Rural and Post Conflict Health Zone

Background: Trauma is major public health problem in developing countries where they are associated with many factors, mainly such as lack of road safety, poverty and inadequate urban planning. We aim to highlight the epidemiology of the fractures limbs bones in a rural area where people live in a context of low economy, low education and insecurity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study involving all patients admitted for fracture in the surgical department of FOMULAC-KATANA General Reference Hospital from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2014. The patients whose medical records were not completed were excluded. Results: Among 136 patients included in our study, 140 bones limbs were registered. Most of them (60.1%) were aged between 15 - 44 years and the average age is 30, 1 year. Male predominance is noticed (72.8%) with a male/female ratio of 2.7/1, and informal professionals are the most found in our patients (67.6%). The main circumstances of fracture occurrence are, respectively, road traffic accidents (57.4%), falls (22.3%) and firearms (10.3%). The leg bones (33.6%) and forearm bones (20%) are the most concerned bones. Open fractures are recorded in 40.7% of patients. The supporting treatment is mainly orthopedic (64.5%) but also surgical (35.5). The mortality rate is 3.6%. Conclusion: The fractures of the limbs bones in Katana General Reference Hospital mainly affect young male which is informal professional. The road traffic accidents are the first circumstance leading to fractures followed by falls. The leg bones are the most fractured body part and fractures are commonly opened.

Decision-Making Information System for Academic Careers in Congolese Universities: From Analysis to Design of a Data Warehouse

Universities collect and generate a considerable amount of data on students throughout their academic career. Currently in South Kivu, most universities have an information system in the form of a database made up of several disparate files. This makes it difficult to use this data efficiently and profitably. The aim of this study is to develop this transactional database-based information system into a data warehouse-oriented system. This tool will be able to collect, organize and archive data on the student’s career path, year after year, and transform it for analysis purposes. In the age of Big Data, a number of artificial intelligence techniques have been developed, making it possible to extract useful information from large databases. This extracted information is of paramount importance in decision-making. By way of example, the information extracted by these techniques can be used to predict which stream a student should choose when applying to university. In order to develop our contribution, we analyzed the IT information systems used in the various universities and applied the bottom-up method to design our data warehouse model. We used the relational model to design the data warehouse.

在中国使用左乙拉西坦和卡马西平单药治疗部分性癫痫发作的比较:一项开放性、非劣效性试验的主要结果

目的针对≥16岁、新诊断或最近诊断为部分性癫痫发作的中国患者,比较左乙拉西坦和速释卡马西平(CBZ-IR)单药治疗的疗效。方法在Ⅲ期、随机分配、开放性试验N01364(NCT01954121)中,患者按1∶1的比例随机分配接受左乙拉西坦1 000 mg/d或CBZ-IR 400 mg/d,记录6个月无癫痫发作的患者比例及患者保留率、首次癫痫发作的时间、因不良事件或缺乏疗效导致首次癫痫发作/中止试验的时间、安全性和耐受性。结果在对符合方案集进行的分析中,接受左乙拉西坦治疗的186例患者中有88例(47.3%),接受CBZ-IR治疗的171例患者中有117例(68.4%)达到6个月无癫痫发作;校正后绝对差值为-22.9%(95%CI:-33.1%,-12.6%),其下限低于非劣效性界值-20%。左乙拉西坦组的患者保留率为48.4%,CBZ-IR组为70.2%。对于评估期首次癫痫发作时间,左乙拉西坦与CBZ-IR的风险比为2.686(95%CI:1.838,3.927);对于因不良事件或缺乏疗效导致首次癫痫发作/中止试验的时间,风险比为2.338(95%CI:1.629, 3.356)。使用左乙拉西坦在治疗中出现的不良事件(61.9%)略低于CBZ-IR(67.9%)。结论在低剂量单药治疗下,无法确定左乙拉西坦的疗效不低于CBZ-IR。左乙拉西坦的安全性/耐受性情况优于CBZ-IR。

钠多普勒激光雷达回波光子数仿真及大气参数反演

钠多普勒激光雷达利用中层顶区域的钠原子作为示踪物,探测中层顶区域大气风场和温度剖面.本文主要分析钠多普勒激光雷达的探测原理和大气参数反演算法.利用MSISE和HWM93等大气模型给出背景大气温度、密度及风场,并给定钠原子数密度剖面,从激光雷达方程出发,模拟计算了激光雷达的瑞利散射和钠共振荧光散射回波光子数.利用模拟的回波光子数剖面数据,反演得到大气温度、视线风速和钠原子数密度剖面,反演结果与模拟计算用的背景参数符合很好,验证了这一反演方法的正确性.分析了激光频率偏移和激光线宽变化对反演精度的影响.

《饲料添加剂氯化胆碱中氯化胆碱的测定》新国家标准的研制

氯化胆碱（Choline Choride）化学名称为2-羟乙基-三甲基胺盐酸盐,是动物生长不可缺少的一种水溶性维生素,在动物体内起着极其重要的作用。它是构成卵磷脂和鞘磷脂（构成体内磷脂的70％-80％）以及乙酰胆碱的主要成分。

基于C/S关系的实时系统构件交互规约

给出了基于构件的实时多任务应用系统图形化设计软件的构件接口定义。为解决基于构件的分布式C/S关系的实时软件构件的重用及装配问题,提出了构件相互交互的文本描述语言语法语义规约,其主要刻画了分布式实时构件之间的交互协议及其实时特性。

UML-RT到一个图形设计环境体系结构的映射

为解决把UML-RT建模模型平滑过渡到实时系统的图形化的软构件设计开发环境的设计模型,本文提出了从UML-RT的结构模型映射到该环境下的体系结构模型的高层设计的映射方法。首先介绍UML-RT结构建模的概念及笔者研制的设计环境,其次给出从UML-RT映射到该设计环境体系结构模型的具体方法、约束和限制。

实时系统构件非功能性接口语义规约

该文给出了基于构件的实时多任务应用系统图形化设计软件的具有分布式C/S关系实时构件的接口定义,主要论述实时构件非功能性接口模型,针对实时特性,提出构件的非功能性接口在时间性、调度性、合成性、同步、互斥以及资源设备控制方面的语义规约。

UML-RT到一个实时多任务执行模型的转换

为解决把UML-RT行为建模模型平滑过渡到实时多任务系统的图形化软构件设计开发环境的过程设计模型中,本文提出了把UML-RT状态图行为模型转换到该环境下的执行模型的方法。首先介绍UML-RT状态图建模的概念及笔者研制的设计环境,其次给出从UML-RT状态图转换到该设计环境可执行模型的具体方法,最后以一个实例说明了转换方法。

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis of Fe, Zn and Cu in mice brain associated with Parkinson's disease

The contents and distributions of metal elements in the brain are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases.In this study, we examined Fe, Cu and Zn contents in the brain section associated with Parkinson‘s disease(PD)using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SRXRF). PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-terahydropyridine(MPTP) was used for the elemental analysis(e.g., Fe, Cu and Zn) in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) region of mice brain tissue samples. We found that mice in the MPTP group had higher contents of Fe, Cu and Zn in the SNpc than the control group. After treating the PD mice with rapamycin, the contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were reduced, the dopamine neurons and motor function were rescued correspondingly. The results prompted that the SRXRF provided an ideal method for tracing and analyzing the metal elements in the brain section to assess the pathological changes of PD model and the therapeutic effect of drugs.

A chaotic neural network mimicking an olfactory system and its application on image recognition

Based on the research of a biological olfactory system, a novel chaotic neural network model - K set model has been es- tablished. This chaotic neural network not only simulates the real brain activity of an olfactory system, but also presents a novel chaotic concept for signal processing and pattern recognition. The characteristics of the K set models are investigated and show that a KIII model can be used for image pattern classification.

基于格子波尔兹曼的机器人视觉特征点检测

针对Harris特征点检测算法中图像存在角点信息丢失的问题,提出基于格子波尔兹曼结合Harris算法的机器人视觉特征点检测方法。格子波尔兹曼具有并行操作的优点,可以保证机器人导航的实时性。通过格子波尔兹曼方法对图像进行预处理,然后使用Harris算法,实现特征点的有效检测。实验结果表明,该方法更加准确地选择特征点,减少特征点数目的同时,提升了特征点的质量,完成了特征相对不明显的点的检测。

Pharmacokinetics and toxicology of therapeutic proteins:Advances and challenges

Significant progress has been made in understanding pharmacokinetics (PK),pharmacodynamics (PD),as well as toxicity profiles of therapeutic proteins in animals and humans,which have been in commercial development for more than three decades.However,in the PK arena,many fundamental questions remain to be resolved.Investigative and bioanalytical tools need to be established to improve the translation of PK data from animals to humans,and from in vitro assays to in vivo readouts,which would ultimately lead to a higher success rate in drug development.In toxicology,it is known,in general,what studies are needed to safely develop therapeutic proteins,and what studies do not provide relevant information.One of the major complicating factors in nonclinical and clinical programs for therapeutic proteins is the impact of immunogenicity.In this review,we will highlight the emerging science and technology,as well as the challenges around the pharmacokinetic-and safety-related issues in drug development of mAbs and other therapeutic proteins.

Toluene degradation by a water/silicone oil mixture for the design of two phase partitioning bioreactors

Toluene degradation performances were studied in a 10 L Two-Phase Partitioning Bioreactor(TPPB).The liquid phase consisted of a mixture of water and PDMS 50(Poly Di Methyl Siloxane,i.e.silicone oil,viscosity of 46 m Pa·s) in the volume ratio of 75%/25%.Two series of experiments were carried out:in the first,the reactor was sequentially supplied with toluene whereas in the second,toluene was continuously supplied.Activated sludge from the wastewater treatment plant of Beaurade(Rennes,France) was used at an initial concentration of 0.5 dry mass g·(mixture L)^(-1).The elimination capacity(EC) was investigated as well as the change in biomass concentration over time.Toluene biodegradation was very ef ficient(removal ef ficiency,RE=100%) for toluene flows ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 ml·h^(-1),corresponding to elimination capacities of up to 104 g·m^(-3)·h^(-1).For a toluene flow of 1.2 ml·h^(-1),the biomass concentration measured at the end of the experiment was 4.7 dry mass g·(mixture L)^(-1).The oxygen concentration in the liquid phase was clearly not a limiting factor in these operating conditions.Based on these results,an extrapolation leading to the design of a large-scale pilot TPPB can now be considered to study toluene degradation performances in industrial conditions.

超重和肥胖者的血管内皮NAD(P)H氧化酶-p47^(phox)表达增加并有内皮氧化应激的证据

背景：肥胖可改变一些分子的血管内皮细胞蛋白表达（VECPE），从而影响对动脉粥样硬化的易感性。方法和结果：研究对象为无其他临床疾病、肥胖程度不同的108例男女性受试者（体重指数18．4～36．7kg／m^2；总体脂肪5．8～55．0kg；腰围63．0～122．9em），用定量免疫荧光法检测其血管内皮细胞。所有3种肥胖状况的表达方式均与氧化酶亚单位NAD（P）H氧化酶-p47[部分相关系数（rpart）=0．22～0．24，所有P〈0．05]和抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶（rpart=0．71～0．75，所有P〈0．001）的VECPE呈正相关。

Characterization of organic-rich mineral debris revealed by rapid glacier retreat, Indren Glacier, European Alps

In the summer of 2003 and 2004, characterized by a rapid glacier retreat, a stony surface covered by well-structured organic-rich mineral debris was observed very close to the Indren glacier terminus(Monte Rosa Massif, NW Italy, 3100 m ASL), on an area covered by the glacier tongue till the year before. The origin and type of this organicrich material were investigated, in order to detect their characteristics, potential sources and fate within the foreland system. The deposits were dated using Carbon-14 and analyzed for the chemical characteristics of the organic component, the elemental composition of the mineral fraction and presence of microbial markers. The material, granular and dark in color, had a total organic carbon(TOC) content ranging between 17.4 ± 0.39 and 28.1 ± 0.63 g kg^(-1) dry weight(dw), significantly higher than the surrounding glacial till(~ 1.4 g kg^(-1) dw), although only 0.33% of it was in water soluble form. Microbial carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) accounted for 10.6% and 3.13% of TOC and total N, respectively. Dissolved nitrogen(N), mainly present as ammonium, represented 2.40% of the total N. The low aromatic component and large presence of nitrogen(N)-derived compounds suggested that most of the organic carbon(OC) in these organic-rich mineral deposits was derived from microbial cells, although the high average radiocarbon age of about 2900 years may also point to the contribution of aeolian depositions of anthropogenic or natural origin. Elemental composition and the crustal enrichment factor of trace elements in the mineral fraction of the aggregates corroborated the hypothesis that most part of the accumulated material derived from ice meltwater. Some indicators of the colonization of these deposits by microbial communities were also reported, from the abundance of DNA and phylogenetic markers, to the presence of bacterial taxa commonly able to thrive in similar habitats. All these elements suggested that such kind of deposits may have a potential role as energy and nutrient sources in recently deglaciated areas, highlighting the necessity to better understand the processes underlying their formation and their evolution.

A Stochastic Strategy for Optimizing the Cost of Systematic Screening of Some Diseases in a Situation of Insufficient Equipment

In this work, we show that when there is insufficient equipment for detecting a disease whose prevalence is t% in a sub-population of size N, it is optimal to divide the N samples into n groups of size r each and then, the value allows systematic screening of all N individuals by performing less than N tests (In this expression, represents the floor function1 of x ∈ R). Based on this result and on certain functions of the R software, we subsequently propose a probabilistic strategy capable of optimizing the screening tests under certain conditions.

Gomphonema Ehrenberg species from the Yuntai Mountains,Henan Province,China

We report on eight species of the freshwater diatom genus Gomphonema from aquatic habitats from the Yuntai Mountains of Henan Province,China.This work represents the first detailed descriptions of the freshwater diatoms from this centrally-located province in China.Of the eight taxa considered,five are new to science and another is given a"cf."designation.Four of the eight species are similar in morphological features to other,"classical"species,with external areolar occlusions forming C-shaped openings.Another species is astigmate,and has distinct siliceous papillae located marginally on the exterior of the valves;this morphology has not been recognized previously for the genus.Two of the species have internal areolar and stigma occlusions.The diversity of morphological types of species in Gomphonema may relate to the ecosystems,with more diverse ecosystems harboring greater diversity of these morphological groups of Gomphonema.