分支河流体系沉积学工作框架与流程

基于现有的研究成果和存在的问题,探讨了分支河流体系(DFS)研究中的关键科学问题、主要研究内容、研究方法和工作流程。研究结果表明:①DFS研究中最关键的3个科学问题是明确河网结构和河型演变规律、构建沉积标志和沉积模式、分析其形成和分布的控制因素。②DFS研究的主要内容包括建设形态沉积学数据库、现代沉积机理研究、分类研究、建立沉积模式、储层建模与储层预测等5个方面。③DFS研究中的关键技术包括基于遥感图像的形态数据采集、形成机理的水槽和模拟实验、河网重构、顶点位置预测与河道分汊点自动生成方法、储层建模知识库平台等。④DFS研究的基本工作流程是先建立形态沉积学数据库,搭建数据库软件平台,在此基础上选择具有代表性的DFS进行现代沉积解剖,然后综合现代沉积调查、露头解剖和模拟实验成果,形成分类体系,总结各类DFS的识别标志和沉积模式,分层次建立储层预测模型,形成沉积结构储层预测模型的建模软件平台,从而预测沉积体系中有利储层的分布。

Le mélange d＇ombre et de lumière des personnages symboliques de Quatre-vingt-treize de Victor. Hugo

Résumé： Comme son titre 1＇ indique, Quatre-vingt-treize est 1＇ épopée de la Révolution francaise, raeontée d travers trois personnages symboliques： un vieil aristocrate, le marquis de Lantenac, son petit-neveu, Gauvain, un no- ble rattaehé aux humbles, et un homme du peuple, Cimourdain, père adoptif de Cauvain. C＇ est done les liens famili- aux qui unissent ses personnages avant de les voir plonger dans la tourmente des événements, et lutter les uns eontre les autres. Soit par convictions de rang et de elasse, soit par raison, soit encore pour un idéal. En un mot, entre eux, il existe un violent eolfflit entre 《1＇ humanité 》et 《la révolution》

Qualitative Assessment of Table Salt Production Techniques in Southern Benin Republic, and Related Mangrove Destruction and Health Issues

This research was conducted in the framework of the feasibility study related to FOCUSED-Benin project, the 5th work package of the YES-PV NIG BEN project financed by the German Government through its Ministry of Research and High Education (BMBF). The FOCUSED Benin project’s major objective is to protect the environment through the utilization of solar energy for drying agricultural products and table salt harvesting. Salt is important in human daily life. It is used for conservation of food, softening water, industrial processes, road de-icing, food seasoning, etc. Seawater evaporation, salt mining, and salt brine are the major sources of salt production worldwide. However, in West Africa, particularly in Benin Republic, table salt is produced using methods that negatively impact the ecology of the mangrove. This study aimed at investigating the current status of salt production in Benin Republic, its impact on the mangrove and its related health issues. Field visits, meeting with associations of women salt producers in the coastal region of the country, allowed to quantify the number of women associations dealing with salt production, their difficulties, and the impacts on the mangrove. Salt is a seasonal activity and is produced from January to May. One kilogram salt production, along with health issues reported by salt producers, requires approximately 1 kg of firewood obtained by cutting down mangrove. Salt price varies from 250CFA (€0.38) to 400FCFA (€0.61) per kg depending on the season. The women salt producers are not aware of the ecological consequences of mangrove destruction. Sources of firewood are becoming increasingly scarce and prices prohibitive. Sensitization is not efficient. An alternative method of harvesting salt by solar drying and new ideas for implementing this activity in a participatory approach was discussed with the different associations of salt producers.

构网逆变电源故障穿越控制策略及其对保护影响的研究综述

构网(grid-forming,GFM)逆变电源(inverter-based resources,IBRs)可模拟传统同步电机行为,自主提供电压以及惯量支撑,是实现高比例新能源接入电网的必然途径。继电保护是保障电力系统安全稳定运行的第一道防线,其动作性能取决于对系统故障特征的辨识能力,而构网逆变电源主导下电力系统的故障特征则与逆变电源的物理极限和控制策略高度相关。该文首先梳理了典型构网逆变电源在正常及故障穿越时的控制策略及特点;进而归纳了电源的简化等值模型及故障特性分析研究成果;最后,总结了构网型逆变电源并网系统相关的保护技术研究现状,初步评述了构网逆变电源对当前保护技术的影响以及该领域未来所面临的问题。

分支河流体系河网形态演变规律——以格尔木河流扇为例

为了探索分支河流体系河网分布规律,为创建储层建模训练图像提供知识库信息。利用Google Earth、Global Mapper、91卫图助手等现代地理信息软件,系统测量了现代格尔木河流扇表面河道分叉特征,应用Horton定律和分形方法建立了河流扇的河网形态模型。结果表明:①格尔木河流扇从顶点到入湖段共识别出26级河道,882个节点和2162个河道段,泉线上、下的河道表现出不同的河网形态;②泉线上部共发育64个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的R_(B)=1.8900倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的R_(L)=1.0095倍,即河网形态特征参数R_(B)=1.8900和R_(L)=1.0095;泉线下部共发育818个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的R_(B)=1.0279倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的R_(L)=0.9899倍,即河网形态特征参数是R_(B)=1.0279和R_(L)=0.9899;③河网形态特征参数受坡度影响变化较大,坡度较大则河网形态特征参数较大,坡度较小则河网形态特征参数较小。河网形态特征参数定量表征促进了分支河流体系沉积学发展,为开展陆相盆地储层建模和砂体预测提供了新的知识库信息.

SHT-based public auditing protocol with error tolerance in FDL-empowered IoVs

With the intelligentization of the Internet of Vehicles(lovs),Artificial Intelligence(Al)technology is becoming more and more essential,especially deep learning.Federated Deep Learning(FDL)is a novel distributed machine learning technology and is able to address the challenges like data security,privacy risks,and huge communication overheads from big raw data sets.However,FDL can only guarantee data security and privacy among multiple clients during data training.If the data sets stored locally in clients are corrupted,including being tampered with and lost,the training results of the FDL in intelligent IoVs must be negatively affected.In this paper,we are the first to design a secure data auditing protocol to guarantee the integrity and availability of data sets in FDL-empowered IoVs.Specifically,the cuckoo filter and Reed-Solomon codes are utilized to guarantee error tolerance,including efficient corrupted data locating and recovery.In addition,a novel data structure,Skip Hash Table(SHT)is designed to optimize data dynamics.Finally,we illustrate the security of the scheme with the Computational Diffie-Hellman(CDH)assumption on bilinear groups.Sufficient theoretical analyses and performance evaluations demonstrate the security and efficiency of our scheme for data sets in FDL-empowered IoVs.

Phytochemical Screening and Assays of Phenolic Compounds in Senna occidentalis L. Leaf and Seed Extracts

Phytochemical screening and assay of secondary metabolites, crude extracts with distilled water, aqueous methanol, aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol of leaves and seeds of Senna occidentalis L. were studied in this work. The aim was to verify the distribution of secondary metabolites according to S. occidentalis organs. Four leaf samples from four different localities (South, East, West and Central Senegal) and a mixed sample of seeds were used. Functional molecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were then assessed in the leaves and seeds using various standard methods. The results show that Senna occidentalis L. leaf and seed samples display an identical and homogeneous profile, regardless of locality. They contain secondary metabolites and the polyphenol content of extracts from southern, eastern, western and central leaves is: 0.620 - 0.539 - 0.811 - 0.573 g GAE/100 g DM;flavonoids: 0.064 - 0.074 - 0.130 - 0.101 g CE/100 g DM and tannins: 0.326 - 0.264 - 0.269 - 0.494 g TAE/100 g DM. The efficacy of S. occidentalis L. infusions in therapy is thus justified by the presence of these metabolites, whose biological properties are well known. It is then possible to explore isolation of active principles of Senna occidentalis L. leaves and even seeds for producing medicines.

Upcycling municipal solid waste to sustainable hydrogen via two-stage gasification-reforming

As global municipal solid waste(MSW)quantities continue to escalate,serious socio-environmental challenges arise,necessitating innovative solutions.Waste-to-hydrogen(WTH)via two-stage gasification-reforming(TSGR)presents an emergent technology for MSW upcycling,offering to ease waste management burdens and bolster the burgeoning hydrogen economy.Despite early initiatives to advance TSGR technology,a cohesive and critical analysis of cutting-edge knowledge and strategies to enhance hydrogen production remains lacking.This review aggregates literature on MSW upcycling to hydrogen via TSGR,with a focus on optimizing process control and catalytic efficiency.It underscores technological avenues to augment hydrogen output,curtail catalyst costs,and refine system performance.Particularly,the review illuminates the potential for integrating chemical and calcium looping into TSGR processes,identifying opportunities,and pinpointing challenges.The review concludes with a summary of the current state of techno-economic analysis for this technology,presenting outstanding challenges and future research directions,with the ultimate goal of transitioning WTH from theoretical to practical application.

Synthesis strategies of hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion battery(SIB)is an ideal candidate for large-scale energy storage due to high abundant sodium sources,relatively high energy density,and potentially low costs.Hard carbons,as one of the most promising anodes,could deliver high plateau capacities at low potentials,which boosts the energy densities of SIBs.Their slope capacities have been demonstrated from the defect adsorption of sodium ions,while the plateau capacity depends highly on intercalation and pore filling.Nevertheless,the specific structures of sodium ions stored in hard carbons have not been clarified,namely active sites of adsorption,intercalation,and pore-filling mechanisms.Therefore,delicate synthesis methods are required to prepare hard carbons with controllable specific structures,along with elucidating the precise active sites for enhancing the Na-ion storage performance.To offer databases for future designs,we summarized the synthesis strategies of hard carbon anodes for constructing active sites of plateau capacities.Synthesis methods were highlighted with corresponding influences on the meticulous structures of hard carbons and Na-ion storage behaviors.Last but not least,perspectives were proposed for developing hard carbon anodes from the points of research and practical applications.

Electrochemical Study of the Corrosion Inhibitory Capacity of Calcined Attapulgite in Reinforced Concrete Medium

The durability of reinforced concrete structures is greatly influenced by the corrosion of the reinforcement. In addition to air pollution related to the repair of corroded structures, chloride ions are the main factors of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. This study aims to valorize a clay inhibitor against reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete. This clay (Attapulgite) was incorporated into reinforced concretes at different percentages of substitution of calcined attapulgite (0%, 5% and 10%) to cement in the formulation. The corrosion inhibitory power of attapulgite is evaluated in reinforced concretes subjected to the action of chloride ions at different intervals in the NaCl solution (1 day, 21 days and 45 days) by electrochemical methods (zero current chronopotentiometry, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). This study showed that in the presence of chloride ions, the composition based on 10% attapulgite has an appreciable inhibitory effect with an average inhibitory efficiency of 82%.

分支河流体系分类初探

通过综述国内外分支河流体系(DFS)的研究进展,总结了DFS的地貌特征和主要类型,并探讨了DFS形成和发育的控制因素。研究结果表明:(1)DFS不是新的或者特殊的河道类型,而是多种河道有规律的集合,地貌特征表现为水系网络从一点呈放射状展布,多种河型共同发育,河道几何形态变化大,沉积环境包括河道和河道间区域,沉积体系复杂;主要类型包括冲积扇、河流扇和巨型扇。(2)以DFS半径为关键指标,面积和坡度为辅助指标将DFS分为小型(冲积扇)、大型(河流扇)和巨型(巨型扇),小型DFS扇体半径小于30 km,面积小于100 km2,坡度大于1.0°;大型DFS半径为30~100 km,面积为100~1 000 km2,坡度小于1.0°;巨型DFS扇体半径大于100 km,面积大于1 000 km2,坡度小于0.5°,3种类型的分布范围有一定的交叉和重复,还需结合DFS的沉积水动力过程和沉积特征进行判别。(3)构造背景和气候是控制DFS形成与分布的最根本因素;流域面积、母岩性质直接影响DFS中沉积物供给总量、供给速率及成分和结构;地形坡度作为间接因素,与河流流量、流速等自生因素相结合,控制河道形态以及河道的分汊和决口,进而控制了DFS表面的沉积环境和沉积相分布。

分支河流体系研究进展及应用前景展望

通过文献调研和地质分析,系统总结了分支河流体系(DFS)理论的研究进展、应用前景和发展趋势。研究结果表明:(1)当前DFS理论研究的五大重点分别是通过实例分析挖掘其科学内涵,探讨应用价值,解决概念争论;明确DFS是一个多种河道共生的沉积体系,不能理解为一种新的河道类型;河道网络和河型转换是DFS研究中的重要问题;建立和完善DFS的沉积模式;建立DFS储层预测模型。(2)开展DFS研究对促进陆相盆地沉积储层学科的理论创新和挖掘陆相盆地油气资源潜力具有重要理论意义和广阔的应用前景。(3)当前DFS研究主攻方向是建立沉积储层数据库,构建沉积模式和识别标志,形成河网体系和河型演变定量预测模型,实现不同建模方法的融合归一;未来DFS研究应当将沉积学与地貌学、地理学、现代地球信息科学技术相结合,应用大数据和智能化技术,实现对沉积体系的定量表征和储层定量预测。

弯曲槽道边壁振动情况下湍流特性的大涡模拟

为了更好地理解透平机械流道内能量耗散的机理和湍流结构变化,利用大涡数值模拟方法,数值试验了时、空做正弦振动的壁面所围成的弯曲槽道内的湍流流动。研究了6种不同的振动参数下,槽道内压力分布、近壁涡量以及其它相关湍流统计量的分布特性。计算结果表明,受展向壁面振动的影响,近壁区速度梯度增加,粘性底层变薄,湍流强度增加,能量耗散加大。该研究还发现壁面展向振动而引起的能量耗散主要依赖于近壁区粘性底层的展向涡量大小。

南海南北陆坡地壳拉张特征对比

南海南北共轭边缘不仅蕴藏了丰富的油气资源,而且记录了南海扩张过程的重要构造信息。通过选取南海南北陆坡区的5条地震剖面,按照不同地壳初始流变结构计算剖面的拉张因子,通过南北结果对比与数值模拟过程揭示的信息,得到以下几点认识:1)南海北部地壳拉伸程度大于南海南部,这不仅与南海南部后期经历挤压碰撞有关,而且与中生代二者所处的构造位置不同有关;2)珠江口盆地与礼乐盆地具有不同的地壳初始状态,推测在南海共轭陆缘形成过程中,二者不相对应;3)南海南部地壳拉张因子由北向南逐渐变大,是古南海向南俯冲的体现。

2018年5月28日中国吉林松原M5.7级地震引起的液化构造

2018年5月28日,吉林松原市宁江区毛都站镇牙木吐村发生M 5.7级地震(45°16'12″N,124°42'35″E),震源深度13 km,震中位于郯庐断裂带西北侧的扶余/松原—肇东断裂带、第二松花江断裂带和扶余北断裂带交汇处。地震诱发震中距3 km范围内普遍的液化和地表裂缝,给当地居民带来严重灾害。可见液化构造以砂火山为主,其次为液化砂堆、液化砂脉和液化砂席等。液化砂火山又可分为有火山口型砂火山、无火山口型砂火山和无砂型(水)火山。地震液化伴生软沉积物变形构造有变形层理、负载构造和火焰构造、滑塌褶皱、碟状构造和包卷层理等。地震诱发液化砂火山形成过程包括液化层内超孔隙流体压力形成、上覆低渗透层破裂和水、砂喷出地表后砂涌3个阶段。液化和流化砂体在上涌过程中会注入低渗透黏土层形成各种形态的砂脉、砂席和多种类型的变形构造。垂向上地震液化结构可划分为底部松散可液化层、下部液化变形层、上部液化变形层和地表砂火山4层结构。液化层埋深2~5 m,液化层厚度2 m。松原M 5.7级地震发震机制为NE-SW(35°~215°)方向挤压应力使断层活跃,推测扶余/松原—肇东断裂是主要的发震断层。松原地震液化构造研究为现代地震活动区和灾害易发区预测提供依据,为地震引发的现代软沉积物变形构造研究提供丰富的素材,兼具将今论古意义,为揭示本世纪以来郯庐断裂带北段进入了一个强断裂和地震活跃阶段提供了最新的实际资料。

SD振子,SD吸引子及其应用

提供一个新振子命名为SD振子,受扰振子的吸引子称为SD吸引子,它的动力学行为决定于一个光滑参数α的连续变化。这是一个具有强非线性特征的振动系统,它提供了一个从光滑动力学行为向不连续动力学行为光滑转迁的典型示范,这种直接的转迁并不需要连续系统的过渡。当系统为光滑动力学性态时,表现出与Du ffing系统类似的双井等标准动力学行为,而当系统表现为不连续性态时,提供一个新的非连续动力系统模型,它除了表现为标准的双井动力学行为外,也表现出一些新的非标准动力学行为。文中展示了这个系统的转迁过程和特性及其相应的吸引子的复杂动力学行为。

催化剂薄层内甲烷水蒸气重整反应强化管内对流换热的数值模拟

本文以竖直圆管内壁催化剂薄层内发生甲烷水蒸气重整反应强化对流换热作为研究对象,对其进行了数值模拟．结果发现,催化剂薄层内的吸热化学反应可以有效地强化对流换热,降低流体和壁面温度,从而对壁面起到保护作用;极限热流密度的大小与流体的入口温度有关,存在最佳入口温度使极限热流密度最大．

基于金融产业集群视角的金融中心建设探讨

金融产业联结着国民经济发展的各个领域,维系着整个社会经济的顺畅运行。本文通过考察金融产业集群在金融中心建设中的作用,探究金融产业集聚以及金融产业集群的互动关系,进而剖析金融产业集聚形成金融产业集群并最终助推金融中心建设的一般路径。基于此,为促进金融中心的发展建设,本文提出加强区域性金融资源流动,助推金融产业集群的形成,进而促进金融中心建设的有关措施。

A review of fluid displacement mechanisms in surfactant-based chemical enhanced oil recovery processes:Analyses of key influencing factors

Surfactant-based oil recovery processes are employed to lower the interfacial tension in immiscible displacement processes,change the wettability of rock to a more water-wet system and emulsify the oil to displace it in subsurface porous media.Furthermore,these phenomena can reduce the capillary pressure and enhance spontaneous imbibition.The key factors affecting such immiscible displacement process are temperature,salinity and p H of the fluids,surfactant concentration and adsorption.Therefore,before any surfactant flooding process is applied,extensive studies of fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions are needed.The use of other chemicals along with surfactants in chemical enhanced oil recovery(c EOR)processes have been widely considered to exploit the synergy of individual chemicals and complement the weakness arises from each of them during immiscible displacement of fluids in porous media.Therefore,such combinations of chemicals lead to alkaline-surfactant(AS),surfactantpolymer(SP),alkaline-surfactant-polymer(ASP),and nanoparticle-surfactant(NS)flooding processes,among others.In this review study,we categorised the role and displacement mechanisms of surfactants and discussed the key factors to be considered for analysing the fluid displacement in porous media.

各向异性纳米晶复合稀土磁体的研制

作者成功地开发了全密度各向异性纳米晶复合稀土永磁体,其制备技术新颖,工艺成本低。采用粉末混合技术,纳米磁体的(BH)max可以达到 320～400kJ/m3(40～50MGOe)。而采用粉末镀膜技术,(BH)max可达360～440kJ/m3(45～55MGOe)。这样,制备各向异性纳米晶复合稀土磁体的主要技术困难就得到了克服。此外,作者观察到纳米晶粒复合磁体中软磁相的尺寸可达数十微米。这一尺寸是目前的界面交换耦合模型所建议的软磁相尺寸上限的一千倍以上。继续减小软磁相的尺寸并改善其分布将会进一步改善纳米晶粒复合磁体的磁性能。