Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases r...Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases recorded in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional descriptive study based on epidemiological surveillance data that ran from september 2014 to december 2017. The clinical data were extracted from the database of the human rabies epidemiological surveillance management service of the National Institute of Public Hygiene’s rabies centre. These data cover the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Results: Human rabies is endemic in Côte d’Ivoire, with most people exposed in the south and especially in the west of the country. There was no association between any of the climatological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall) and the occurrence of human rabies during the months of exposure to rabies infection. Conclusion: Ultimately, effective prevention and control of human rabies requires a thorough understanding of the links between climatological parameters and rabies. Health authorities must take ownership of these results if we are to achieve our goal of eliminating rabies by 2030.展开更多
17β-estradiol modulates the activity of D2 receptors in the regulation of food intake and body weight. The functional lack of 17β-estradiol in postmenopausal women could create a dietary imbalance and cause body wei...17β-estradiol modulates the activity of D2 receptors in the regulation of food intake and body weight. The functional lack of 17β-estradiol in postmenopausal women could create a dietary imbalance and cause body weight gain. This study aimed to better understand the interferences that could exist between 17β-estradiol, D2 receptors and the selection of carbohydrate, fat and protein consumption, as well as their consequences on body weight gain by using an animal model of the menopause. Ovariectomy exacerbates the consumption of foods rich in lipids. Thus confirming an inhibitory action of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the consumption of these types of foods. This consumption stimulates body weight gain, which is promoted by the high caloric content of these foods and not by the amount consumed. Our results showed a direct involvement of D2 receptors in food choice. This choice would be made according to the two (2) isoforms of the D2 receptors. The D2/BR isoform directs towards a high carbohydrate consumption, without causing a gain in body weight. While D2/SUL, promotes high fat food consumption, causing an increase in body weight. In women, 17β-estradiol modulates the activity ratio between these two D2 receptor isoforms to ensure energy and homeostatic balance, stabilizing food intake and body weight.展开更多
Background: Recent literature reported a recurrent increase in hemorrhagic stroke (HS) rates in low- and middle-income countries. However, the causes and mechanisms of the rising HS rates are unknown. To address these...Background: Recent literature reported a recurrent increase in hemorrhagic stroke (HS) rates in low- and middle-income countries. However, the causes and mechanisms of the rising HS rates are unknown. To address these issues, the present epidemiological study was carried out in the neurovascular unit of the neurology department at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Cocody in Abidjan (Africa). Methods: The study included 60 patients hospitalized from January 1 to December 31, 2016, who underwent brain CT (computerized tomography) scans. We examined the medical records and survey forms in these patients with acute stroke (within 7 days) admitted to the Neurovascular Unit receiving only stroke patients. In these patients, we explored stroke distribution according to socio-demographic variables: age, gender and socio-professional categories. In addition, common risk factors were assessed. Results: In Côte d’Ivoire, our studies showed an ischemic stroke (IS) rate of 66.67% and a hemorrhagic stroke (HS) rate of 33.33%. Our studies indicated that stroke particularly affects the 40 - 60 age group. Then, stroke frequency has fallen in the 30 - 40 and 60 - 70 age groups, becoming rare in relatively young (70 years) subjects. In the sample analyzed, stroke occurred in women (56.67%) compared with men (43.33%). However, there was no gender-specific predilection for stroke. In addition, 90% of strokes occur in the working population and 10% in the non-working population. Arterial hypertension was the highest medical risk factor among patients (66.13%), compared with the other risk factors i.e. alcohol (17.42%), smoking (12.90%), previous stroke (9.67%), diabetes (6.65%), heart disease (6.65%) and dyslipidemia (3.23%). Specifically, hypertension was the main risk factor causing HS (45%) and IS (21.66%) in patients. Conclusion: Stroke particularly affected socio-economically active subjects (aged 40 - 60) in Africa, which were subjected to high prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Chronic stress related to working life and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions would be a triggering event for hemorrhagic stroke.展开更多
The aims of this study were to investigate the food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers and to assess the sanitary conditions of attieke production units in the South of C?te d’Ivoire. A cross-sectional s...The aims of this study were to investigate the food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers and to assess the sanitary conditions of attieke production units in the South of C?te d’Ivoire. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 4 months in 2012 in 7 localities and data were collected using questionnaire and observation checklist and microbiological analysis of hands. A total of 775 attieke production units were involved in this survey. Seventy-one percent (71%) were located on public domains and only 70 production units (9%) used septic tank as a mean of final deposal for liquid waste. Hygiene conditions and practices of food handlers in attieke production units were inadequate. The presence of specific microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Citrobacter youngae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter freundi was indicative of a degree of ignorance on the part of food handlers towards proper hygienic practices.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases recorded in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional descriptive study based on epidemiological surveillance data that ran from september 2014 to december 2017. The clinical data were extracted from the database of the human rabies epidemiological surveillance management service of the National Institute of Public Hygiene’s rabies centre. These data cover the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Results: Human rabies is endemic in Côte d’Ivoire, with most people exposed in the south and especially in the west of the country. There was no association between any of the climatological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall) and the occurrence of human rabies during the months of exposure to rabies infection. Conclusion: Ultimately, effective prevention and control of human rabies requires a thorough understanding of the links between climatological parameters and rabies. Health authorities must take ownership of these results if we are to achieve our goal of eliminating rabies by 2030.
文摘17β-estradiol modulates the activity of D2 receptors in the regulation of food intake and body weight. The functional lack of 17β-estradiol in postmenopausal women could create a dietary imbalance and cause body weight gain. This study aimed to better understand the interferences that could exist between 17β-estradiol, D2 receptors and the selection of carbohydrate, fat and protein consumption, as well as their consequences on body weight gain by using an animal model of the menopause. Ovariectomy exacerbates the consumption of foods rich in lipids. Thus confirming an inhibitory action of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the consumption of these types of foods. This consumption stimulates body weight gain, which is promoted by the high caloric content of these foods and not by the amount consumed. Our results showed a direct involvement of D2 receptors in food choice. This choice would be made according to the two (2) isoforms of the D2 receptors. The D2/BR isoform directs towards a high carbohydrate consumption, without causing a gain in body weight. While D2/SUL, promotes high fat food consumption, causing an increase in body weight. In women, 17β-estradiol modulates the activity ratio between these two D2 receptor isoforms to ensure energy and homeostatic balance, stabilizing food intake and body weight.
文摘Background: Recent literature reported a recurrent increase in hemorrhagic stroke (HS) rates in low- and middle-income countries. However, the causes and mechanisms of the rising HS rates are unknown. To address these issues, the present epidemiological study was carried out in the neurovascular unit of the neurology department at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Cocody in Abidjan (Africa). Methods: The study included 60 patients hospitalized from January 1 to December 31, 2016, who underwent brain CT (computerized tomography) scans. We examined the medical records and survey forms in these patients with acute stroke (within 7 days) admitted to the Neurovascular Unit receiving only stroke patients. In these patients, we explored stroke distribution according to socio-demographic variables: age, gender and socio-professional categories. In addition, common risk factors were assessed. Results: In Côte d’Ivoire, our studies showed an ischemic stroke (IS) rate of 66.67% and a hemorrhagic stroke (HS) rate of 33.33%. Our studies indicated that stroke particularly affects the 40 - 60 age group. Then, stroke frequency has fallen in the 30 - 40 and 60 - 70 age groups, becoming rare in relatively young (70 years) subjects. In the sample analyzed, stroke occurred in women (56.67%) compared with men (43.33%). However, there was no gender-specific predilection for stroke. In addition, 90% of strokes occur in the working population and 10% in the non-working population. Arterial hypertension was the highest medical risk factor among patients (66.13%), compared with the other risk factors i.e. alcohol (17.42%), smoking (12.90%), previous stroke (9.67%), diabetes (6.65%), heart disease (6.65%) and dyslipidemia (3.23%). Specifically, hypertension was the main risk factor causing HS (45%) and IS (21.66%) in patients. Conclusion: Stroke particularly affected socio-economically active subjects (aged 40 - 60) in Africa, which were subjected to high prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Chronic stress related to working life and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions would be a triggering event for hemorrhagic stroke.
基金supported by the International Foundation for Science(IFS)under Grant E/4955-1.
文摘The aims of this study were to investigate the food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers and to assess the sanitary conditions of attieke production units in the South of C?te d’Ivoire. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 4 months in 2012 in 7 localities and data were collected using questionnaire and observation checklist and microbiological analysis of hands. A total of 775 attieke production units were involved in this survey. Seventy-one percent (71%) were located on public domains and only 70 production units (9%) used septic tank as a mean of final deposal for liquid waste. Hygiene conditions and practices of food handlers in attieke production units were inadequate. The presence of specific microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Citrobacter youngae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter freundi was indicative of a degree of ignorance on the part of food handlers towards proper hygienic practices.
