Over the past two decades, numerous non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) have been identified in different biological systems including virology, especially in large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses. As a representative oncogenic...Over the past two decades, numerous non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) have been identified in different biological systems including virology, especially in large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses. As a representative oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus(MDV) causes an important immunosuppressive and rapid-onset neoplastic disease of poultry, namely Marek’s disease(MD). Vaccinations can efficiently prevent the onset of MD lymphomas and other clinical disease, often heralded as the first successful example of vaccination-based control of cancer. MDV infection is also an excellent model for research into virally-induced tumorigenesis. Recently, great progress has been made in understanding the functions of ncRNAs in MD biology.Herein, we give a review of the discovery and identification of MDV-encoded viral miRNAs, focusing on the genomics,expression profiles, and emerging critical roles of MDV-1 miRNAs as oncogenic miRNAs(oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor genes involved in the induction of MD lymphomas. We also described the involvements of host cellular miRNAs, lincRNAs, and circRNAs participating in MDV life cycle, pathogenesis, and/or tumorigenesis. The prospects, strategies, and new techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing applicable for further investigation into the ncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in MDV pathogenesis/oncogenesis were also discussed, together with the possibilities of future studies on antiviral therapy and the development of new efficient MD vaccines.展开更多
Herpesviruses account for most of the known virus-encoded miRNAs. Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT), a non-pathogenic avian herpesvirus used as an avian vaccine and viral vector, encodes 28 mature miRNAs. This included HVT-...Herpesviruses account for most of the known virus-encoded miRNAs. Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT), a non-pathogenic avian herpesvirus used as an avian vaccine and viral vector, encodes 28 mature miRNAs. This included HVT-miR-H14-3p that showed almost identical sequence to gga-miR-221, suggesting that it is pirated from the avian host. Although the functional homolog between the two miRNAs has been proposed based on the sequence similarity, the direct experimental evidence is still lacking. In this report, we provide the evidence for the first time that HVT-miR-H14-3p is indeed a gga-miR-221 homolog through modulating the expression of p27Kip1, a known target of miR-221 by binding to its 3’UTR. We also created an HVT-miR-H14-3p deletion virus and show that this miRNA is not essential for in vitro replication.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20260)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(212300410359)+1 种基金the Independent innovation project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2022ZC65)the BBSRC Newton Fund Joint Centre Awards on“UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases”(BBS/OS/NW/000007)。
文摘Over the past two decades, numerous non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) have been identified in different biological systems including virology, especially in large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses. As a representative oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus(MDV) causes an important immunosuppressive and rapid-onset neoplastic disease of poultry, namely Marek’s disease(MD). Vaccinations can efficiently prevent the onset of MD lymphomas and other clinical disease, often heralded as the first successful example of vaccination-based control of cancer. MDV infection is also an excellent model for research into virally-induced tumorigenesis. Recently, great progress has been made in understanding the functions of ncRNAs in MD biology.Herein, we give a review of the discovery and identification of MDV-encoded viral miRNAs, focusing on the genomics,expression profiles, and emerging critical roles of MDV-1 miRNAs as oncogenic miRNAs(oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor genes involved in the induction of MD lymphomas. We also described the involvements of host cellular miRNAs, lincRNAs, and circRNAs participating in MDV life cycle, pathogenesis, and/or tumorigenesis. The prospects, strategies, and new techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing applicable for further investigation into the ncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in MDV pathogenesis/oncogenesis were also discussed, together with the possibilities of future studies on antiviral therapy and the development of new efficient MD vaccines.
文摘Herpesviruses account for most of the known virus-encoded miRNAs. Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT), a non-pathogenic avian herpesvirus used as an avian vaccine and viral vector, encodes 28 mature miRNAs. This included HVT-miR-H14-3p that showed almost identical sequence to gga-miR-221, suggesting that it is pirated from the avian host. Although the functional homolog between the two miRNAs has been proposed based on the sequence similarity, the direct experimental evidence is still lacking. In this report, we provide the evidence for the first time that HVT-miR-H14-3p is indeed a gga-miR-221 homolog through modulating the expression of p27Kip1, a known target of miR-221 by binding to its 3’UTR. We also created an HVT-miR-H14-3p deletion virus and show that this miRNA is not essential for in vitro replication.