Sustainable Wetland Management Using the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework as a Guide in the Sierra Leone Case

The Sustainable Wetland Management adopted for this study depicts that, the identification of drivers and impacts is needed first, in other to get a clearer roadmap, after which the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework would come into play to serve as a pathway for Sustainability. The study evaluates how Sierra Leone might implement the Framework’s proposed strategies in National Wetland Management. As a result, the research tried to thoroughly examine the factors that contribute to wetland degradation as well as the effects they have on the people who live nearby. The purposive sampling method was used to administer 385 structured questionnaires to inhabitants. The data was then processed in an Excel spreadsheet. Microsoft Publisher was used to draw the framework and a descriptive analysis was done. Results indicated that;the majority of the inhabitants of Aberdeen Creek are traders/self-employed, furthermore, the majority chose the place because it’s less expensive and nearer to the workplace, settlement expansion and pollution are the two most common degrading activities, while flooding and health-related issues are some of the consequences, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is regarded to be a perfect tool for wetland management. It was concluded that to accomplish the objectives in the framework, it is necessary to have both political and social will. Satellite data and water quality research are further needed to validate the report.

An Analysis of Liberia’s Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Context of Least Developed Countries (LDCs): A Review

Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation changes, are facing significant challenges, particularly in climate-sensitive sectors such as mining and agriculture. LDCs need more resilience to adverse climate shocks but have limited capacity for adaptation compared to other developed and developing nations. This paper examines Liberia’s susceptibility to climate change as a least developed country, focusing on its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It provides an overview of LDCs and outlines the global distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also evaluates specific challenges that amplify Liberia’s vulnerability and constrain sustainable adaptation, providing insight into climate change’s existing and potential effects. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate impacts on Liberia and calls for concerted local and international efforts for effective and sustainable mitigation efforts. It provides recommendations for policy decisions and calls for further research on climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Water Scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed Strategies for a Way Forward

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean Water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 km2 and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water production and distribution process by the SEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

回流污泥预浓缩强化新型氧化沟系统生物除磷的研究(英文)

A pilot-scale,pre-anoxic-anaerobic oxidation ditch was used in this study to treat municipal wastewater with limited carbon source.A novel return activated sludge(RAS) pre-concentration tank was adopted for improv-ing the phosphorus removal efficiency and the effects of RAS pre-concentration ratio were studied.Under the opti-mal operational condition,the suspended total phosphorus(STP) and the total phosphorus(TP) removal efficiencies were around 58.9% and 63.9% respectively and the effluent-P was lower than 0.8 mg·L-1.The reason is that with the optimal RAS pre-concentration ratio,nitrate is completely removed with endogenous carbon source and the secondary phosphorus release is strictly restrained in the pre-anoxic tank.Therefore,the anaerobic phosphorus release and the carbon source uptake by phosphorus accumulation organisms(PAOs) in the sludge,which are ex-tremely important to the phosphorus removal process,can be fully satisfied.Furthermore,the oxidation-reduction potential is proved to be suitable for controlling the RAS pre-concentration ratio due to influent fluctuation and varied conditions.The novel modified system is also beneficial for PAO accumulation.

Overview of Patented Technologies for Remediation of Soil Pollution

Soil, an important material basis for human activities, is an indispensable natural rasource that is difficult to regenerate. It is also an important part of human ecological environment. Currently, soil pollution has affected China＇s agricultural production and threatened human health and ecological safety, so it has been paid more attention to by the people and has become a hot spot in environmental field. Through continuous research, a variety of soil remediation patents and technologies also emerge. Here, by retrieving the main words through the website （www. soopat. corn） and Chinese patent net, types of soil pollution and remediation technologies under the authorization status of the patents were analyzed, and the major species of soil pollutants and soil remediation technologies were reviewed.

Revealing the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in urban runoff at three typical regions via optical indices and molecular composition

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)plays a major role in ecological systems and influences the fate and transportation of many pollutants.Despite the significance of DOM,understanding of how environmental and anthropogenic factors influence its composition and characteristics is limited,especially in urban stormwater runoff.In this article,the chemical properties(pollutant loads,molecular weight,aromaticity,sources,and molecular composition)of DOM in stormwater extracted from three typical end-members(traffic,residential,and campus regions)were characterized by UV–visible(UV–vis)spectroscopy,excitationemission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC),and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).There are three findings:(1)The basic properties of DOM in stormwater runoff varied obviously from three urban fields,and the effect of initial flush was also apparent.(2)The DOM in residential areas mainly came from autochthonous sources,while allochthonous sources primarily contributed to the DOM in traffic and campus areas.However,it was mainly composed of terrestrial humic-like components with CHO and CHON element composition and HULO and aliphatic formulas.(3)The parameters characterizing DOM were primarily related to terrestrial source and aromaticity,but their correlations varied.Through the combination of optical methods and UPLC-Q-TOF spectrometry,the optical and molecular characteristics of rainwater are effectively revealed,which may provide a solid foundation for the classification management of stormwater runoff in different urban regions.

Energy neutrality potential of wastewater treatment plants:A novel evaluation framework integrating energy efficiency and recovery

Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)consume large amounts of energy and emit greenhouse gases to remove pollutants.This study proposes a framework for evaluating the energy neutrality potential(ENP)of WWTPs from an integrated perspective.Operational data of 970 WWTPs in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)were extracted from the China Urban Drainage Yearbook 2018.The potential chemical and thermal energies were estimated using combined heat and power(CHP)and water source heat pump,respectively.Two key performance indicators(KPIs)were then established:the energy self-sufficiency(ESS)indicator,which reflects the offset degree of energy recovery,and the comprehensive water–energy efficiency(CWEE)indicator,which characterizes the efficiency of water–energy conversion.For the qualitative results,98 WWTPs became the benchmark(i.e.,CWEE=1.000),while 112 WWTPs were fully self-sufficient(i.e.,ESS≥100%).Subsequently,four types of ENP were classified by setting the median values of the two KPIs as the critical value.The WWTPs with high ENP had high net thermal energy values and relatively loose discharge limits.The explanatory factor analysis of water quantity and quality verified the existence of scale economies.Sufficient carbon source and biodegradability condition were also significant factors.As the CWEE indicator was mostly sensitive to the input of CHP,future optimization shall focus on the moisture and organic content of sludge.This study proposes a novel framework for evaluating the ENP of WWTPs.The results can provide guidance for optimizing the energy efficiency and recovery of WWTPs.

Enhanced struvite recovery from wastewater using a novel cone-inserted fluidized bed reactor

The feasibility of struvite recovery at low （12.5 mg/L） and high （120 mg[L） phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones （FBRwc） and without cones （FBRwoc）. The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times （HRT = 1-10 hr）, pH （7.5-10）, and molar ratios of Mg/P （0.75-1.75）, N/P （1-10） and Ca/Mg （0-2）. The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction （17%-31%）, the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low （47%-65%） for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite （〉 99%）. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters （pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg） were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater.

Problems of Syrdarya river basin management

Prior to independence,Central Asian countries were closely interconnected through the regional management incorporating water,energy,and food sectors.This approach,supported by the central government of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR),functioned effectively–meeting the needs of both upstream and downstream countries.However,after independence,Central Asian countries started prioritizing their own economic development policies without due account to regional concerns such as joint use of water resources,leading to instability.In this study,the case of Syrdarya basin was investigated to show how such strategies create tension in the region,since primary focus is given to national interests,without consideration for regional problems.To address this issue,an integrated approach to incorporating water,energy,and agriculture is needed.It is suggested that a single sector approach on water alone does not lead to stability,and a multi-sectoral approach is necessary to ensure sustainable development.Countries sharing benefits from the river have to be responsible for costs of operation and maintenance of the water facilities.