Diabetes and skin cancers have emerged as threats to public health worldwide.However,their association has been less intensively studied.In this narrative review,we explore the common risk factors,molecular mechanisms...Diabetes and skin cancers have emerged as threats to public health worldwide.However,their association has been less intensively studied.In this narrative review,we explore the common risk factors,molecular mechanisms,and prognosis of the association between cutaneous malignancies and diabetes.Hyperglycemia,oxidative stress,low-grade chronic inflammation,genetic,lifestyle,and environmental factors partially explain the crosstalk between skin cancers and this metabolic disorder.In addition,diabetes and its related complications may interfere with the appropriate management of cutaneous malignancies.Antidiabetic medication seems to exert an antineoplastic effect,however,future large,observation studies with a prospective design are needed to clarify its impact on the risk of malignancy in diabetes.Screening for diabetes in skin cancers,as well as close follow-up for the development of cutaneous malignancies in subjects suffering from diabetes,is warranted.展开更多
Cystic fibrosis(CF)is indeed an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by CFTR gene mutations that lead to chloride channel abnormalities in sweat producing cells and mucus.The gastrointestinal tract and the resp...Cystic fibrosis(CF)is indeed an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by CFTR gene mutations that lead to chloride channel abnormalities in sweat producing cells and mucus.The gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system are the first systems to be impacted,but many systems gradually become implicated,resulting in life-threatening problems.White skinned people of northern European ancestry are the most likely race to have CF.This cumbersome disease is responsible for the 90 percent’s death of sufferers[1].展开更多
Angiogenesis is known as a biological pathway that results in the formation of new capillary blood vessels originating from the pre-existing vascular system[1].The mechanism of angiogenesis is complicated because it i...Angiogenesis is known as a biological pathway that results in the formation of new capillary blood vessels originating from the pre-existing vascular system[1].The mechanism of angiogenesis is complicated because it is associated with multiple intricate interactions between various biological elements including different cells,soluble angiogenic agents,and extracellular molecules.It essentially comprises four discrete sequential stages:(1)Proteolytic enzymes degrade glycoproteins of the basement membrane and other extracellular matrix components which blood vessels are surrounded by them;(2)The activation and migration of endothelial cells;(3)The proliferation of endothelial cells.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is a common neurological disorder that is defined by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,eventually leading to striatal dopamine depletion.Restin...Parkinson's disease(PD)is a common neurological disorder that is defined by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,eventually leading to striatal dopamine depletion.Resting tremors,rigid muscles,bradykinesia,and in rare circumstances,postural instability are symptoms of low dopamine levels.One to two percent of people over 65 worldwide is affected with PD,making it the second most common neurological illness in the world[1,2].Uncertainty about the cause and course of PD persists,as do the biological pathways that drive the disease[3].Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)gene are the most common cause of familial PD[4].LRRK2 missense mutations increase the risk of developing late-onset autosomal dominant PD,which is clinically comparable to sporadic PD[5,6].LRRK2 PD neuropathology is comparable to sporadic PD neuropathology,with LRRK2 patients experiencing progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway,frequently resulting in alpha-Synuclein-positive Lewy bodies and brain tau pathology[5,7-9].While LRRK2 coding mutations are associated with sporadic PD,frequent non-coding variants at the LRRK2 locus are associated with an increased risk of developing PD[10-13].展开更多
Background Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common disease among children;it affected 5-7% of the population in 2015.ADHD is a multifactorial disease,and its etiology is still not clearly understood....Background Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common disease among children;it affected 5-7% of the population in 2015.ADHD is a multifactorial disease,and its etiology is still not clearly understood.Data Sources This narrative review has been done by searching the PubMed and Embase databases using attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD,risk factors;genetics;pediatrics;psychiatrics as keywords.Results ADHD is considered to be a hereditary disorder in which genes play the fundamental role in the pathogenesis;however,findings from genetic-environmental studies support the hypothesis that genetic factors can exert effects on an indi-viduaFs condition by determining his/her responses to environmental exposures,especially those during the prenatal stage.Conclusion ADHD is considered as a hereditary disorder in which genes and prenatal risk factors play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis.展开更多
COVID-19 vaccination,although is a promising tool to overcome the pandemic,has side effects.There are in-creasing reports of oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination.The aim of this review is to identify the occurrence...COVID-19 vaccination,although is a promising tool to overcome the pandemic,has side effects.There are in-creasing reports of oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination.The aim of this review is to identify the occurrence of some oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination,and highlight the underlying immune mechanisms involved.A narrative literature review was performed by searching electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus and Web of Science to investigate the oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination.The inclusion criteria were original stud-ies,including the case reports,case series,letter to the editor,and cross-sectional studies.The exclusion criteria included the studies which examined the oral lesions caused by COVID-19 infection.The information,including the number of participant(s)receiving vaccine,type of vaccine,dose number,side effect(s),time of onset fol-lowing vaccination,healing time,treatment strategies for the existing lesions,and related mechanisms were then summarized in a data extraction sheet.The results of this review showed that some vaccines had side effects with oral involvement such as pemphigus vulgaris,bullous pemphigoid,herpes zoster,lichen planus,Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Behçet’s disease.Future research needs to elucidate the physiopathology of oral manifestations after the COVID-19 vaccination,and better understand the risk factors associated with such responses.Sometimes vaccine’s side effects may be due to the nocebo effect,which means that the person expects some adverse events to occur following the vaccine administration.展开更多
文摘Diabetes and skin cancers have emerged as threats to public health worldwide.However,their association has been less intensively studied.In this narrative review,we explore the common risk factors,molecular mechanisms,and prognosis of the association between cutaneous malignancies and diabetes.Hyperglycemia,oxidative stress,low-grade chronic inflammation,genetic,lifestyle,and environmental factors partially explain the crosstalk between skin cancers and this metabolic disorder.In addition,diabetes and its related complications may interfere with the appropriate management of cutaneous malignancies.Antidiabetic medication seems to exert an antineoplastic effect,however,future large,observation studies with a prospective design are needed to clarify its impact on the risk of malignancy in diabetes.Screening for diabetes in skin cancers,as well as close follow-up for the development of cutaneous malignancies in subjects suffering from diabetes,is warranted.
文摘Cystic fibrosis(CF)is indeed an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by CFTR gene mutations that lead to chloride channel abnormalities in sweat producing cells and mucus.The gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system are the first systems to be impacted,but many systems gradually become implicated,resulting in life-threatening problems.White skinned people of northern European ancestry are the most likely race to have CF.This cumbersome disease is responsible for the 90 percent’s death of sufferers[1].
文摘Angiogenesis is known as a biological pathway that results in the formation of new capillary blood vessels originating from the pre-existing vascular system[1].The mechanism of angiogenesis is complicated because it is associated with multiple intricate interactions between various biological elements including different cells,soluble angiogenic agents,and extracellular molecules.It essentially comprises four discrete sequential stages:(1)Proteolytic enzymes degrade glycoproteins of the basement membrane and other extracellular matrix components which blood vessels are surrounded by them;(2)The activation and migration of endothelial cells;(3)The proliferation of endothelial cells.
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is a common neurological disorder that is defined by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,eventually leading to striatal dopamine depletion.Resting tremors,rigid muscles,bradykinesia,and in rare circumstances,postural instability are symptoms of low dopamine levels.One to two percent of people over 65 worldwide is affected with PD,making it the second most common neurological illness in the world[1,2].Uncertainty about the cause and course of PD persists,as do the biological pathways that drive the disease[3].Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)gene are the most common cause of familial PD[4].LRRK2 missense mutations increase the risk of developing late-onset autosomal dominant PD,which is clinically comparable to sporadic PD[5,6].LRRK2 PD neuropathology is comparable to sporadic PD neuropathology,with LRRK2 patients experiencing progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway,frequently resulting in alpha-Synuclein-positive Lewy bodies and brain tau pathology[5,7-9].While LRRK2 coding mutations are associated with sporadic PD,frequent non-coding variants at the LRRK2 locus are associated with an increased risk of developing PD[10-13].
文摘Background Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common disease among children;it affected 5-7% of the population in 2015.ADHD is a multifactorial disease,and its etiology is still not clearly understood.Data Sources This narrative review has been done by searching the PubMed and Embase databases using attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD,risk factors;genetics;pediatrics;psychiatrics as keywords.Results ADHD is considered to be a hereditary disorder in which genes play the fundamental role in the pathogenesis;however,findings from genetic-environmental studies support the hypothesis that genetic factors can exert effects on an indi-viduaFs condition by determining his/her responses to environmental exposures,especially those during the prenatal stage.Conclusion ADHD is considered as a hereditary disorder in which genes and prenatal risk factors play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis.
文摘COVID-19 vaccination,although is a promising tool to overcome the pandemic,has side effects.There are in-creasing reports of oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination.The aim of this review is to identify the occurrence of some oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination,and highlight the underlying immune mechanisms involved.A narrative literature review was performed by searching electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus and Web of Science to investigate the oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination.The inclusion criteria were original stud-ies,including the case reports,case series,letter to the editor,and cross-sectional studies.The exclusion criteria included the studies which examined the oral lesions caused by COVID-19 infection.The information,including the number of participant(s)receiving vaccine,type of vaccine,dose number,side effect(s),time of onset fol-lowing vaccination,healing time,treatment strategies for the existing lesions,and related mechanisms were then summarized in a data extraction sheet.The results of this review showed that some vaccines had side effects with oral involvement such as pemphigus vulgaris,bullous pemphigoid,herpes zoster,lichen planus,Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Behçet’s disease.Future research needs to elucidate the physiopathology of oral manifestations after the COVID-19 vaccination,and better understand the risk factors associated with such responses.Sometimes vaccine’s side effects may be due to the nocebo effect,which means that the person expects some adverse events to occur following the vaccine administration.
