The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China remains in dispute.The central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critic...The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China remains in dispute.The central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critical region for exploring the origin of the dryland farming system in northern China.This study selected the Yumin Site and Banan Site,which belong to the Yumin Culture-the beginning of Neolithic culture in Inner Mongolia-as the research objects.Based on the quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating on the sedimentary sections from the Yumin site(YM)and Banan site(BN1 and BN2),the Holocene chronology framework of each section was established.After that,by identifying carbonized grains in the Yumin site and the multi-proxy analysis of each section,we investigated the relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change in this region.The results revealed that the timing of the origin of agriculture recorded in the Yumin site lagged behind the timing of a significant increase of precipitation during the early Holocene but coincided with the timing of a significant increase of vegetation around 8.4 ka.This phenomenon was further confirmed by the published high-resolution paleoenvironmental records from the surrounding area of the Yumin Culture.We propose that with the gradual amelioration of hydrothermal conditions since the beginning of the Holocene,the regional ecosystem had been improved,resulting in the gradual conversion of the land surface from infertile sand to organic-rich soil,providing an appropriate environmental foundation for the origin of dryland farming in northern China around 8.4 ka.This study highlighted that the“accumulative environmental effects”during the early Holocene played a vital role in the origin of agriculture in northern China and provided a reference for agricultural management in the context of future climate change.展开更多
考古证据揭示在8500~7000 cal.a B. P.左右的全新世大暖期,蒙古高原东部的呼伦贝尔、西辽河上游、阴山东北麓地区曾一度出现过定居化的生活迹象。各地区依托适应于本土环境的经济基础,发展出定居化程度有所差别的社会生活模式。本研究...考古证据揭示在8500~7000 cal.a B. P.左右的全新世大暖期,蒙古高原东部的呼伦贝尔、西辽河上游、阴山东北麓地区曾一度出现过定居化的生活迹象。各地区依托适应于本土环境的经济基础,发展出定居化程度有所差别的社会生活模式。本研究综合分析3个地区代表性遗址的聚落、房址形态、陶器、石器工具组合、动、植物遗存,对其所展现的定居模式、定居程度和定居经济基础进行分析与对比,研究表明呼伦比尔地区定居化生活的经济基础侧重于对多重生态区域内的中小型动物资源的利用,其中水生资源占有较大比重;而西辽河上游和阴山东北麓则采取狩猎采集与原始农业相结合的生业经济,动植物资源利用并重。西辽河上游和阴山东北麓发展出有一定社群规模的村落式定居社会,其中西辽河流域先民的定居化程度高于阴山东北麓和呼伦贝尔地区。全新世大暖期的气候变化,改善了高原地区的水热条件,增强了草原地带的生态多样性,为先民集约化利用栖居地周围的多种动植物资源并在气候条件许可的地带发展农业生产提供了有利契机,对多样性资源的集约利用,奠定了定居化生活的经济基础。但定居化的发展趋势伴随着大暖期的结束而终止,体现出草原地带的史前先民在环境变迁背景下灵活弹性的适应策略。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0903500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42271163,42301173)。
文摘The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China remains in dispute.The central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critical region for exploring the origin of the dryland farming system in northern China.This study selected the Yumin Site and Banan Site,which belong to the Yumin Culture-the beginning of Neolithic culture in Inner Mongolia-as the research objects.Based on the quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating on the sedimentary sections from the Yumin site(YM)and Banan site(BN1 and BN2),the Holocene chronology framework of each section was established.After that,by identifying carbonized grains in the Yumin site and the multi-proxy analysis of each section,we investigated the relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change in this region.The results revealed that the timing of the origin of agriculture recorded in the Yumin site lagged behind the timing of a significant increase of precipitation during the early Holocene but coincided with the timing of a significant increase of vegetation around 8.4 ka.This phenomenon was further confirmed by the published high-resolution paleoenvironmental records from the surrounding area of the Yumin Culture.We propose that with the gradual amelioration of hydrothermal conditions since the beginning of the Holocene,the regional ecosystem had been improved,resulting in the gradual conversion of the land surface from infertile sand to organic-rich soil,providing an appropriate environmental foundation for the origin of dryland farming in northern China around 8.4 ka.This study highlighted that the“accumulative environmental effects”during the early Holocene played a vital role in the origin of agriculture in northern China and provided a reference for agricultural management in the context of future climate change.
文摘考古证据揭示在8500~7000 cal.a B. P.左右的全新世大暖期,蒙古高原东部的呼伦贝尔、西辽河上游、阴山东北麓地区曾一度出现过定居化的生活迹象。各地区依托适应于本土环境的经济基础,发展出定居化程度有所差别的社会生活模式。本研究综合分析3个地区代表性遗址的聚落、房址形态、陶器、石器工具组合、动、植物遗存,对其所展现的定居模式、定居程度和定居经济基础进行分析与对比,研究表明呼伦比尔地区定居化生活的经济基础侧重于对多重生态区域内的中小型动物资源的利用,其中水生资源占有较大比重;而西辽河上游和阴山东北麓则采取狩猎采集与原始农业相结合的生业经济,动植物资源利用并重。西辽河上游和阴山东北麓发展出有一定社群规模的村落式定居社会,其中西辽河流域先民的定居化程度高于阴山东北麓和呼伦贝尔地区。全新世大暖期的气候变化,改善了高原地区的水热条件,增强了草原地带的生态多样性,为先民集约化利用栖居地周围的多种动植物资源并在气候条件许可的地带发展农业生产提供了有利契机,对多样性资源的集约利用,奠定了定居化生活的经济基础。但定居化的发展趋势伴随着大暖期的结束而终止,体现出草原地带的史前先民在环境变迁背景下灵活弹性的适应策略。