Using a sample of~3,100 U.S.counties,we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography.These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geog...Using a sample of~3,100 U.S.counties,we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography.These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography,even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations.Our results generally do not support UV radiation(UVR)based or other geoclimatic models.Specifically,although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S.county-level(β=-.33),its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates(β=-.16),and was reduced even further with a spatial lag(β=-.10).For climate models,average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag(β=.35).However,the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses.Moreover,when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity,no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag.Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model.Instead,results seemed to provide support for compositional models.展开更多
We gathered survey data on journalists’political views in 17 Western countries.We then matched these data to outcomes from national elections,and constructed metrics of journalists’relative preference for different ...We gathered survey data on journalists’political views in 17 Western countries.We then matched these data to outcomes from national elections,and constructed metrics of journalists’relative preference for different political parties.Compared to the general population of voters,journalists prefer parties that have more left-wing positions overall(r’s-.47 to-.53,depending on the metric used),and that are associated with certain ideologies,namely environmentalism,feminism,social liberalism,socialism,and support for the European Union.We used Bayesian model averaging to assess the validity of the predictors in multivariate models.We found that,of the ideology tags in our dataset,‘conservative’(negative),‘nationalist’(negative)and‘green’(positive)were the most consistent predictors with nontrivial effect sizes.We also computed estimates of the skew of journalists'political views in different countries.Overall,our results indicate that the Western media has a left-liberal skew.展开更多
文摘Using a sample of~3,100 U.S.counties,we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography.These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography,even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations.Our results generally do not support UV radiation(UVR)based or other geoclimatic models.Specifically,although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S.county-level(β=-.33),its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates(β=-.16),and was reduced even further with a spatial lag(β=-.10).For climate models,average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag(β=.35).However,the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses.Moreover,when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity,no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag.Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model.Instead,results seemed to provide support for compositional models.
文摘We gathered survey data on journalists’political views in 17 Western countries.We then matched these data to outcomes from national elections,and constructed metrics of journalists’relative preference for different political parties.Compared to the general population of voters,journalists prefer parties that have more left-wing positions overall(r’s-.47 to-.53,depending on the metric used),and that are associated with certain ideologies,namely environmentalism,feminism,social liberalism,socialism,and support for the European Union.We used Bayesian model averaging to assess the validity of the predictors in multivariate models.We found that,of the ideology tags in our dataset,‘conservative’(negative),‘nationalist’(negative)and‘green’(positive)were the most consistent predictors with nontrivial effect sizes.We also computed estimates of the skew of journalists'political views in different countries.Overall,our results indicate that the Western media has a left-liberal skew.
