Successful integrated pest management in protected crops implies an evalu-ation of the compatibility of pesticides and natural enemies(NE),as control strategies that only rely on one tactic can fail when pest populati...Successful integrated pest management in protected crops implies an evalu-ation of the compatibility of pesticides and natural enemies(NE),as control strategies that only rely on one tactic can fail when pest populations exceed NE activity or pests become resistant to pesticides.Nowadays in Almeria(Spain),growers release NE prior to transplanting or early in the crop cycle to favor their settlement before pest arrival because this improves biocontrol efficacy,although it extends pesticide exposure periods.The pur-pose of this research was to evaluate the compatibility of two applications of pesticides with key NE in 2-year trials inside tomato and sweet pepper commercial greenhouses:Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter)(Hemiptera:Miridae),Orius laevigatus(Say)(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)and Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot)(Acari:Phytoseidac).In tomato,flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole(IOBC category 1)were compatible with N.tenuis,but chlorpyrifos.:methyl and spinosad(IOBC categories 2-3),which efectively reduced Tiuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechidae)density,compromised its predatory activity.In sweet pepper,chlorantraniliprole(IOBC category 1)was the only pesticide compatible with O.laevigatus while chlorantraniliprole,emamectin benzoate,spirote-tramat and pymetrozine were harmless(IOBC category 1)to Amblyseius swirskii,and sulfoxaflor slightly harmful(IOBC category 2)to this phytoseiid predator.展开更多
基金This research was funded by Spanish Ministry of Sci-ence,Innovation and Universities projects AGL2013-47603-C2-1-R and AGL2017-83498-C2-2-R awarded to Elisa Viuela and Pilar Medina,along with post-doctoral fellowships awarded to Beatriz Dader(Span-ish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities FJCI-2016-28443 and Universidad Politecnica de Madrid PINV18XFWLGK24S2US6D).We deeply appreciate the cooperation of two farmers that allowed us to perform tri-als in their commercial greenhouses.We are indebted to Dr.Christina Elizabeth Pease for English revision and to Dr.Ismael Sanchez from INIA for help with statistics.
文摘Successful integrated pest management in protected crops implies an evalu-ation of the compatibility of pesticides and natural enemies(NE),as control strategies that only rely on one tactic can fail when pest populations exceed NE activity or pests become resistant to pesticides.Nowadays in Almeria(Spain),growers release NE prior to transplanting or early in the crop cycle to favor their settlement before pest arrival because this improves biocontrol efficacy,although it extends pesticide exposure periods.The pur-pose of this research was to evaluate the compatibility of two applications of pesticides with key NE in 2-year trials inside tomato and sweet pepper commercial greenhouses:Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter)(Hemiptera:Miridae),Orius laevigatus(Say)(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)and Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot)(Acari:Phytoseidac).In tomato,flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole(IOBC category 1)were compatible with N.tenuis,but chlorpyrifos.:methyl and spinosad(IOBC categories 2-3),which efectively reduced Tiuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechidae)density,compromised its predatory activity.In sweet pepper,chlorantraniliprole(IOBC category 1)was the only pesticide compatible with O.laevigatus while chlorantraniliprole,emamectin benzoate,spirote-tramat and pymetrozine were harmless(IOBC category 1)to Amblyseius swirskii,and sulfoxaflor slightly harmful(IOBC category 2)to this phytoseiid predator.
