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让妇女和女孩远离烟酒营销
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作者 Emma Feeny Katie Dain +5 位作者 Cherian Varghese George A Atiim Dag Rekve Hebe N Gouda 张樱子(译) 周红霞(校) 《英国医学杂志中文版》 2022年第4期196-200,共5页
Emma Feeny及其同事认为,改变性别不平等性的措施可以控制烟酒业向中、低收入国家扩张,遏制慢性病的疾病负担,促进性别平等。因为社会和文化的规范污名化了女性吸烟、饮酒的行为,所以一直以来,男性是烟酒的主要消费人群,特别是在中、低... Emma Feeny及其同事认为,改变性别不平等性的措施可以控制烟酒业向中、低收入国家扩张,遏制慢性病的疾病负担,促进性别平等。因为社会和文化的规范污名化了女性吸烟、饮酒的行为,所以一直以来,男性是烟酒的主要消费人群,特别是在中、低收入国家更是如此。然而,在中、低收入国家,性别规范不断变化,行业营销越发激进,人口数量持续增长。这意味着如果不采取紧急行动,吸烟和饮酒的妇女和女孩人数可能在未来几年大幅增加。 展开更多
关键词 低收入国家 持续增长 行业营销 性别不平等 疾病负担 人口数量 性别规范 污名化
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Researching social innovation:is the tail wagging the dog?
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作者 Emma L.M.Rhule Pascale A.Allotey 《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》 SCIE 2020年第1期77-81,共5页
Background:Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health needs.For sustainable change to occur,we need to understand how and why a given intervention is effective.Bringin... Background:Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health needs.For sustainable change to occur,we need to understand how and why a given intervention is effective.Bringing together communities,innovators,researchers,and policy makers is a powerful way to address this knowledge gap but differing priorities and epistemological backgrounds can make collaboration challenging.Main text:To overcome these barriers,stakeholders will need to design policies and work in ways that provide an enabling environment for innovative products and services.Inherently about people,the incorporation of community engagement approaches is necessary for both the development of social innovations and accompanying research methodologies.Whilst the'appropriate'level of participation is linked to intended outcomes,researchers have a role to play in better understanding how to harness the power of community engagement and to ensure that community perspectives form part of the evidence base that informs policy and practice.Conclusions:To effectively operate at the intersection between policy,social innovation,and research,all collaborators need to enter the process with the mindset of learners,rather than experts.Methods-quantitative and qualitative-must be selected according to research questions.The fields of implementation research,community-based participatory research,and realist research,amongst others,have much to offer.So do other sectors,notably education and business.In all this,researchers must assume the mantel of responsibility for research and not transfer the onus to communities under the guise of participation.By leveraging the expertise and knowledge of different ecosystem actors,we can design responsive health systems that integrate innovative approaches in ways that are greater than the sum of their parts. 展开更多
关键词 Social innovation Health systems Mixed methods PARTICIPATION Community engagement Policymaker Implementation research
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让药物研究和监管为女性服务
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作者 TK Sundari Ravindran Yot Teerawattananon +2 位作者 Cara Tannenbaum Lavanya Vijayasingham 陈小冰(译) 《英国医学杂志中文版》 2022年第4期201-205,共5页
Sundari Ravindran及其同事认为,需要纠正药物研究、监管和商业化过程中遗留下来的男性偏见。女性因为很多原因被排除在药物研究之外1。20世纪60年代的沙利度胺悲剧促使保护性禁令禁止孕妇和育龄妇女参与临床试验。其他阻碍原因包括:如... Sundari Ravindran及其同事认为,需要纠正药物研究、监管和商业化过程中遗留下来的男性偏见。女性因为很多原因被排除在药物研究之外1。20世纪60年代的沙利度胺悲剧促使保护性禁令禁止孕妇和育龄妇女参与临床试验。其他阻碍原因包括:如果纳入女性,研究的复杂性和成本会更高;女性不愿参与;以及普遍将男性的身体作为标准1。 展开更多
关键词 临床试验 商业化过程 沙利度胺 育龄妇女 阻碍原因 监管 药物 保护性
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