Micromechanics models have been developed For the determination of the elastic moduli of microcracked solids based on different approaches and interpretations, including the dilute or non-interacting solution, the Mor...Micromechanics models have been developed For the determination of the elastic moduli of microcracked solids based on different approaches and interpretations, including the dilute or non-interacting solution, the Mori-Tanaka method, the self-consistent method, and the generalized self-consistent method. It is shown in the present study that all these micromechanics models can be unified within an energy-equivalence framework, and that they differ only in the way in which the microcrack opening and sliding displacements are evaluated. Relevance to the differential methods and the verification of these models are discussed.展开更多
Insomnia and related sleep disorders (somnipathies) affect a large segment of the population, and result in a significant negative impact on quality of life and reduced or lost productivity. The speed of sleep onset i...Insomnia and related sleep disorders (somnipathies) affect a large segment of the population, and result in a significant negative impact on quality of life and reduced or lost productivity. The speed of sleep onset is a critical characteristic of successful pharmacotherapeutic intervention for insomnia. Zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonist (nBzRA) is widely used to treat insomnia. Although not itself a benzodiazepine (BZD), zolpidem has high binding affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor, which acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor complex. It therefore increases the neuronal transmembrane influx of Cl- ions, thereby decreasing neuronal excitability and promoting sleep. In this four-way crossover, dose-ranging, multiple-treatment study, a lingual spray formulation of zolpidem was safe and well-tolerated and yielded more rapid pharmacokinetics (mean plasma concentration) and efficacy (visual analog scale and digit symbol substitution test) compared to oral tablets.展开更多
Benzodiazepines and related benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescribe...Benzodiazepines and related benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescribed drugs, and for a variety of conditions. Surprisingly: 1) there are only a few conditions for which there is a good evidence basis, 2) efficacy has only been well demonstrated for short-term use (i.e., less than 4 weeks), and 3) much less is known about the basic science of these drugs than is widely believed. We suggest that the use of these drugs beyond four or less weeks exceeds the available knowledge base, so best-practice use suggests that the prescribing of these drugs for most patients should be limited to only short-term use until more is known about the basic pharmacology of their actions in the brain and in the periphery.展开更多
Two new taxane diterpenoids, 2-deacetoxy-7,9-dideacetyltaxinine J (1) and 2-deacetoxytaxinine B (3), were isolated from the barks of Taxus chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Dear Editor Metabolomics is a rapidly emerging field of post-genomic research that aims to comprehensively analyze all metabolites in biological samples. Potential biomarkers that distinguish prostate cancer samples w...Dear Editor Metabolomics is a rapidly emerging field of post-genomic research that aims to comprehensively analyze all metabolites in biological samples. Potential biomarkers that distinguish prostate cancer samples were successfully identified through metabolomics analysis （Sreekumar et al., 2009）. Metabolome quantitative trait loci （mQTL） and genome-wide association studies coupled with metabolomics analysis （mGWAS） also became efficient tools to decipher the genetic basis of complex metabolic traits in large populations （Gong et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2014）.展开更多
文摘Micromechanics models have been developed For the determination of the elastic moduli of microcracked solids based on different approaches and interpretations, including the dilute or non-interacting solution, the Mori-Tanaka method, the self-consistent method, and the generalized self-consistent method. It is shown in the present study that all these micromechanics models can be unified within an energy-equivalence framework, and that they differ only in the way in which the microcrack opening and sliding displacements are evaluated. Relevance to the differential methods and the verification of these models are discussed.
文摘Insomnia and related sleep disorders (somnipathies) affect a large segment of the population, and result in a significant negative impact on quality of life and reduced or lost productivity. The speed of sleep onset is a critical characteristic of successful pharmacotherapeutic intervention for insomnia. Zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonist (nBzRA) is widely used to treat insomnia. Although not itself a benzodiazepine (BZD), zolpidem has high binding affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor, which acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor complex. It therefore increases the neuronal transmembrane influx of Cl- ions, thereby decreasing neuronal excitability and promoting sleep. In this four-way crossover, dose-ranging, multiple-treatment study, a lingual spray formulation of zolpidem was safe and well-tolerated and yielded more rapid pharmacokinetics (mean plasma concentration) and efficacy (visual analog scale and digit symbol substitution test) compared to oral tablets.
文摘Benzodiazepines and related benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescribed drugs, and for a variety of conditions. Surprisingly: 1) there are only a few conditions for which there is a good evidence basis, 2) efficacy has only been well demonstrated for short-term use (i.e., less than 4 weeks), and 3) much less is known about the basic science of these drugs than is widely believed. We suggest that the use of these drugs beyond four or less weeks exceeds the available knowledge base, so best-practice use suggests that the prescribing of these drugs for most patients should be limited to only short-term use until more is known about the basic pharmacology of their actions in the brain and in the periphery.
文摘Two new taxane diterpenoids, 2-deacetoxy-7,9-dideacetyltaxinine J (1) and 2-deacetoxytaxinine B (3), were isolated from the barks of Taxus chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
文摘Dear Editor Metabolomics is a rapidly emerging field of post-genomic research that aims to comprehensively analyze all metabolites in biological samples. Potential biomarkers that distinguish prostate cancer samples were successfully identified through metabolomics analysis （Sreekumar et al., 2009）. Metabolome quantitative trait loci （mQTL） and genome-wide association studies coupled with metabolomics analysis （mGWAS） also became efficient tools to decipher the genetic basis of complex metabolic traits in large populations （Gong et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2014）.
