Mass renovation goals aimed at energy savings on a national scale require a significant level of public financial commitment.To identify target buildings,decision-makers need a thorough understanding of energy perform...Mass renovation goals aimed at energy savings on a national scale require a significant level of public financial commitment.To identify target buildings,decision-makers need a thorough understanding of energy performance.Energy Performance Certificates(EPC)provide information about areas of space,such as land plots or a building’s footprint,without specifying exact locations.They cover only a fraction of dwellings.This paper demonstrates that learning from observed EPCs to predict missing ones at the building level can be viewed as a spatial interpolation problem with uncertainty both on input and output variables.The Kriging methodology is applied to random fields observed at random locations to determine the Best Linear Unbiased Predictor(BLUP).Although the Gaussian setting is lost,conditional moments can still be derived.Covariates are admissible,even with missing observations.We present applications using both simulated and real data,with a specific case study of a city in France serving as an example.展开更多
Dear Editor, The growing understanding concerning the definition, classification, and function of small non-coding RNAs （sncRNAs） has led to the discovery of new sncRNA spe- cies of various sizes. Recent studies hi...Dear Editor, The growing understanding concerning the definition, classification, and function of small non-coding RNAs （sncRNAs） has led to the discovery of new sncRNA spe- cies of various sizes. Recent studies high- lighted a group of tsRNAs derived from the 5＇ end of tRNAs （Peng et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 2016）, which raises the question whether there are similar small RNAs derived from other housekeeping RNAs, such as rRNAs.展开更多
文摘Mass renovation goals aimed at energy savings on a national scale require a significant level of public financial commitment.To identify target buildings,decision-makers need a thorough understanding of energy performance.Energy Performance Certificates(EPC)provide information about areas of space,such as land plots or a building’s footprint,without specifying exact locations.They cover only a fraction of dwellings.This paper demonstrates that learning from observed EPCs to predict missing ones at the building level can be viewed as a spatial interpolation problem with uncertainty both on input and output variables.The Kriging methodology is applied to random fields observed at random locations to determine the Best Linear Unbiased Predictor(BLUP).Although the Gaussian setting is lost,conditional moments can still be derived.Covariates are admissible,even with missing observations.We present applications using both simulated and real data,with a specific case study of a city in France serving as an example.
文摘Dear Editor, The growing understanding concerning the definition, classification, and function of small non-coding RNAs （sncRNAs） has led to the discovery of new sncRNA spe- cies of various sizes. Recent studies high- lighted a group of tsRNAs derived from the 5＇ end of tRNAs （Peng et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 2016）, which raises the question whether there are similar small RNAs derived from other housekeeping RNAs, such as rRNAs.
