Molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 hepatotropism and liver damage

In coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)primarily targets the respiratory system,but evidence suggests extrapulmonary organ involvement,notably in the liver.Viral RNA has been detected in hepatic tissues,and in situ hybridization revealed virions in blood vessels and endothelial cells.Electron microscopy confirmed viral particles in hepatocytes,emphasizing the need for understanding hepatotropism and direct cytopathic effects in COVID-19-related liver injury.Various factors contribute to liver injury,including direct cytotoxicity,vascular changes,inflammatory responses,immune reactions from COVID-19 and vaccinations,and druginduced liver injury.Although a typical hepatitis presentation is not widely documented,elevated liver biochemical markers are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients,primarily showing a hepatocellular pattern of elevation.Long-term studies suggest progressive cholestasis may affect 20%of patients with chronic liver disease post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver and the resulting liver damage are complex.This“Editorial”highlights the expression of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor in liver cells,the role of inflammatory responses,the impact of hypoxia,the involvement of the liver's vascular system,the infection of bile duct epithelial cells,the activation of hepatic stellate cells,and the contribution of monocyte-derived macrophages.It also mentions that pre-existing liver conditions can worsen the outcomes of COVID-19.Understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the liver is still evolving,and further research is required.

Geospatiality of climate change perceptions on coastal regions:A systematic bibliometric analysis

Climate change requires joint actions between government and local actors.Understanding the perception of people and communities is critical for designing climate change adaptation strategies.Those most affected by climate change are populations in coastal regions that face extreme weather events and sea-level increases.In this article,geospatial perception of climate change is identified,and the research parameters are quantified.In addition to investigating the correlations of hotspots on the topic of climate change perception with a focus on coastal communities,Natural Language Processing(NLP)was used to examine the research interactions.A total of 27,138 articles sources from Google Scholar and Scopus were analyzed.A systematic method was used for data processing combining bibliometric analysis and machine learning.Publication trends were analyzed in English,Spanish and Portuguese.Publications in English(87%)were selected for network and data mining analysis.Most of the research was conducted in the USA,followed by India and China.The main research methods were identified through correlation networks.In many cases,social studies of perception are related to climatic methods and vegetation analysis supported by GIS.The analysis of keywords identified ten research topics:adaptation,risk,community,local,impact,livelihood,farmer,household,strategy,and variability.“Adaptation”is in the core of the correlation network of all keywords.The interdisciplinary analysis between social and environmental factors,suggest improvements are needed for research in this field.A single method cannot address understanding of a phenomenon as complicated as the socio-environmental.This study provides valuable information for future research by clarifying the current context of perception work carried out in the coastal regions;and identifying the tools best suited for carrying out this type of research.

Molecular biomarkers of cell proliferation in ameloblastomas

Cell proliferation is a vital biological process that is important for all living organisms because of its role in growth and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.The control of this important process differs greatly among benign and malignant neoplasms,and the evaluation of cell proliferation in neoplasms has become a common tool used by pathologists to provide useful information pertaining to diagnosis,clinical behavior,and treatment.The usefulness of information regarding cell proliferation has led to numerous studies on the value of these methods for diagnosing different types of tumors and for clinical decision making.Ameloblastomas are no exception.This review discusses the use of several classical molecular proliferation markers,including Ki-67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cyclin D1 and DNA topoisomeraseⅡalpha,to characterize ameloblastomas and proposes the use of new proliferation markers used previously to characterize other neoplasms.The use of these biomark-ers offers valuable opportunities to evaluate the biological behavior of this type of odontogenic tumor.

The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila:a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population

Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors,from the search for sexual partners,food,or breeding sites.Many studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity,such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing-aspect ratio.However,few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in Drosophila.This work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species:Drosophila buzzati Patterson and Wheeler-Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman,and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen-Drosophila simulans Sturtevant,and to analyze its relationship with flight.We detected the highest proportion of flight time in D.koepferae and D.simulans compared to D.buzzati and D.melanogaster,respectively.Our results also revealed sexual dimorphism,with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than females.Surprisingly,we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses(considering all groups together or each sex-species combination separately).Moreover,these associations explained a low percentage of variation,suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight,such as physiological variables,should be taken into account.This work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight,suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.

Petrography and tectonic provenance of the Permian Tunas Formation:Implications on the paleotectonic setting during the ClaromecóForeland Basin evolution,southwestern Gondwana margin,Argentina

The Claromec o Basin is located at the south-western sector of the Buenos Aires province,Argentina.This basin is considered a foreland basin closely related to the evolution of the southwestern Gondwana margin.This contribution focuses on the provenance analysis of the Tunas Formation(Permian,Pillahuinc o Group),which represents the last filling stage for the Claromec o Foreland Basin.Petrographic and tectonic provenance analyses were performed in sandstones recovered from subsurface(PANG 0001 and PANG0003 exploration wells)and outcrops located close to the basin center(Gonzales Chaves locality).In the subsurface,the analyzed succession is composed of medium-to fine-grained sandstones interbedded with tuffs,mudrocks,carbonaceous mudrocks and coal beds.In outcrops,the succession is dominated by mediumto fine-grained sandstones interbedded with siltstones.Modal composition patterns are distributed into the recycled orogen and transitionally recycled to mixed fields.Petrographic analyses,in addition to provenance and sedimentological studies,confirm that sedimentary material was derived from a mixed source,which largely comes from the Sierras Australes fold and thrust belt,located towards the W-SW,where the sedimentary succession is interbedded with volcanic material.The Tunas Formation shows clear differences in its modal composition,paleocurrent direction and paleoenvironmental conditions with respect to the underlying units of the Pillahuinc o Group(Sauce Grande,Piedra Azul and Bonete formations).Source areas changed from cratonic to mixed fold belt/arc-derived material,suggesting variations in the Claromec o Basin configuration during the Late Paleozoic.Changes in the paleotectonic scenario during the deposition of the Tunas Formation have been interpreted as a consequence of a compressive post-collisional deformation event,the product of adjustment,accommodation and translation of terrains towards the equator during the Permian-Triassic to form Pangea.