The present study analyzed the volatile compounds of three mango varieties (Tommy Atkins, Rosa and Espada) using the static headspace technique with SPME coupled to CG-MS. Multivariate methodologies, such as factorial...The present study analyzed the volatile compounds of three mango varieties (Tommy Atkins, Rosa and Espada) using the static headspace technique with SPME coupled to CG-MS. Multivariate methodologies, such as factorial design and response surface methodology, were used to optimize the conditions of adsorption and desorption of these substances. The data were evaluated by using principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical grouping analysis, in order to visualize grouping tendencies of volatile compounds. Thirty-seven volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes, such as esters, terpenes, alcohols and others, were tentatively identified in the three varieties of mango. Amongst them, twenty-three presented chromatographic peaks with relative areas larger than 2%. The multivariate analysis made it possible to visualize the grouping tendencies of the mango samples, according to the presence of their respective volatile substances, and enabled the identification of the groups of substances responsible for the discrimination among the three varieties.展开更多
The Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) stands out among the chronic non-transmissible pathologies that impact the cause and/or aggravation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on a global level, as the disease is an und...The Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) stands out among the chronic non-transmissible pathologies that impact the cause and/or aggravation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on a global level, as the disease is an underestimated disorder due to non-perceptive symptoms and associated with factors and risk markers of another CVD. Therefore, establishing the risk of progression and aggravation of the SAH, according the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), allows to reducing morbidity and improving preventative measures for DCVs. This observational and transversal study approaches the data collection of patient records at the Health Family Strategy of Senhor do Bonfim, BA, which established differences by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (correlation and regression). The aspects of hypertension associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis were analyzed, determining the risk of developing cardiovascular events in 10 years by FRS. From 432 families, 746 patients were selected, of which 340 are hypertensive individuals (SAH = 45.57%) and 406 (NSAH = 54.42%) non-hypertensives. Among the SAH the majority (31.17%) was in the age range of 63 - 77, but, in both groups, women were in stronger number. There was greater prevalence in SAH for all the characteristics analyzed, smoking (13.20%), sedentary (29.41%) and cardiovascular accident (22.60%). The SAH group is more susceptive to the CVD progress in 10 years by FRS (P < 0.0001 ANOVA). In the NSAH group, there were significant associations among all the variables analyzed as was expected, without differences between the linear correlation and regression, indicating the physio-metabolic equilibrium of the factors and markers evaluated by FRS. Already in SAH group, despite the correlations have been significant too, the regression analysis revealed that only Total Cholesterol (P = 0.0086);LDL (P < 0.0001), Glucose (P < 0.0006) and Age (P < 0.0001) have significative association with FRS. So, these factors and markers deserve more attention upon the health staff of Health Family Strategy, in the SAH course at studied population, attempt the highest cardiovascular risk by FRS (2.5 to 2.8 times) to SAH. The monitoring of high-risk patients should prioritize the lifestyle changes, employing preventive measures to SAH and CVD and atherosclerosis.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, are important causes of death among diabetics. Features of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with atherogenic risk factors are discussed by a cross-sectional study. ...Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, are important causes of death among diabetics. Features of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with atherogenic risk factors are discussed by a cross-sectional study. It was evaluated 432 families attended by Basic Family Health Unities (FHU), registered at Family Health Program (HIPERDIA) at borough Alto da Maravilha in Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, Brazil. Among eligible patients, 50 (8.4% of the total) were included in diabetic group (DB), and 80 (9.4% of the total) in the non-diabetic group (NDB). The majority was women (90/ 130) in the age range 48 - 77. The diabetic group showed a high prevalence among analyzed variables, such as hypertension (74.0%) and obesity (46.0%). Significant differences were not found among lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations comparing the DB and NDB groups. The correlation analysis showed significant differences among LDL-C-DB and CT-DB (p < 0.0001), LDL-NDB and CT-NDB (p < 0.0001), LDL-NDB and TG-NDB (p = 0.0034), and CT-NDB and TG-NDB (p = 0.0001). Diabetic and healthy individuals do not present significant differences in the lipid profiles. By the way, the diabetic and health individuals can not present significant differences in the lipid profile, however, probably there are differences in the quality of the lipoprotein molecules between DB and NDB and a divergent tendency of the disease progression, such as a higher disposition to atherosclerosis development in DB. These patients with potential risk to development atherosclerosis or aggravation of diabetes must have more attention about Family Health Program.展开更多
The solution of many conduction heat transfer problems is found by two-dimensional simplification using the analytical method since different points have different initial temperatures. The temperature at each point o...The solution of many conduction heat transfer problems is found by two-dimensional simplification using the analytical method since different points have different initial temperatures. The temperature at each point of a given element can be analyzed through the Heat Equation that, in some cases, converges to analytical solutions without precision and is far from the real. However, with the application of the Finite Difference Method (FDM), it is possible to solve it numerically in a relatively fast way, providing satisfactory results for the most varied boundary conditions and diverse geometries, characteristics of heat transfer problems by conduction. This study solved two problems inside a plate with and without heat generation involved in temperature distribution. Algorithms were built with the aid of the Matlab programming language, and applied to obtain a numerical solution using the FDM numerical method. The computational and analytical solutions were then compared. Under certain conditions of the parameters involved in the phenomenon of each problem, the numerical method was very efficient for presenting errors less than or equal to 0.003 and 0.03, respectively, for cases without and with heat generation.展开更多
文摘The present study analyzed the volatile compounds of three mango varieties (Tommy Atkins, Rosa and Espada) using the static headspace technique with SPME coupled to CG-MS. Multivariate methodologies, such as factorial design and response surface methodology, were used to optimize the conditions of adsorption and desorption of these substances. The data were evaluated by using principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical grouping analysis, in order to visualize grouping tendencies of volatile compounds. Thirty-seven volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes, such as esters, terpenes, alcohols and others, were tentatively identified in the three varieties of mango. Amongst them, twenty-three presented chromatographic peaks with relative areas larger than 2%. The multivariate analysis made it possible to visualize the grouping tendencies of the mango samples, according to the presence of their respective volatile substances, and enabled the identification of the groups of substances responsible for the discrimination among the three varieties.
文摘The Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) stands out among the chronic non-transmissible pathologies that impact the cause and/or aggravation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on a global level, as the disease is an underestimated disorder due to non-perceptive symptoms and associated with factors and risk markers of another CVD. Therefore, establishing the risk of progression and aggravation of the SAH, according the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), allows to reducing morbidity and improving preventative measures for DCVs. This observational and transversal study approaches the data collection of patient records at the Health Family Strategy of Senhor do Bonfim, BA, which established differences by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (correlation and regression). The aspects of hypertension associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis were analyzed, determining the risk of developing cardiovascular events in 10 years by FRS. From 432 families, 746 patients were selected, of which 340 are hypertensive individuals (SAH = 45.57%) and 406 (NSAH = 54.42%) non-hypertensives. Among the SAH the majority (31.17%) was in the age range of 63 - 77, but, in both groups, women were in stronger number. There was greater prevalence in SAH for all the characteristics analyzed, smoking (13.20%), sedentary (29.41%) and cardiovascular accident (22.60%). The SAH group is more susceptive to the CVD progress in 10 years by FRS (P < 0.0001 ANOVA). In the NSAH group, there were significant associations among all the variables analyzed as was expected, without differences between the linear correlation and regression, indicating the physio-metabolic equilibrium of the factors and markers evaluated by FRS. Already in SAH group, despite the correlations have been significant too, the regression analysis revealed that only Total Cholesterol (P = 0.0086);LDL (P < 0.0001), Glucose (P < 0.0006) and Age (P < 0.0001) have significative association with FRS. So, these factors and markers deserve more attention upon the health staff of Health Family Strategy, in the SAH course at studied population, attempt the highest cardiovascular risk by FRS (2.5 to 2.8 times) to SAH. The monitoring of high-risk patients should prioritize the lifestyle changes, employing preventive measures to SAH and CVD and atherosclerosis.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, are important causes of death among diabetics. Features of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with atherogenic risk factors are discussed by a cross-sectional study. It was evaluated 432 families attended by Basic Family Health Unities (FHU), registered at Family Health Program (HIPERDIA) at borough Alto da Maravilha in Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, Brazil. Among eligible patients, 50 (8.4% of the total) were included in diabetic group (DB), and 80 (9.4% of the total) in the non-diabetic group (NDB). The majority was women (90/ 130) in the age range 48 - 77. The diabetic group showed a high prevalence among analyzed variables, such as hypertension (74.0%) and obesity (46.0%). Significant differences were not found among lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations comparing the DB and NDB groups. The correlation analysis showed significant differences among LDL-C-DB and CT-DB (p < 0.0001), LDL-NDB and CT-NDB (p < 0.0001), LDL-NDB and TG-NDB (p = 0.0034), and CT-NDB and TG-NDB (p = 0.0001). Diabetic and healthy individuals do not present significant differences in the lipid profiles. By the way, the diabetic and health individuals can not present significant differences in the lipid profile, however, probably there are differences in the quality of the lipoprotein molecules between DB and NDB and a divergent tendency of the disease progression, such as a higher disposition to atherosclerosis development in DB. These patients with potential risk to development atherosclerosis or aggravation of diabetes must have more attention about Family Health Program.
文摘The solution of many conduction heat transfer problems is found by two-dimensional simplification using the analytical method since different points have different initial temperatures. The temperature at each point of a given element can be analyzed through the Heat Equation that, in some cases, converges to analytical solutions without precision and is far from the real. However, with the application of the Finite Difference Method (FDM), it is possible to solve it numerically in a relatively fast way, providing satisfactory results for the most varied boundary conditions and diverse geometries, characteristics of heat transfer problems by conduction. This study solved two problems inside a plate with and without heat generation involved in temperature distribution. Algorithms were built with the aid of the Matlab programming language, and applied to obtain a numerical solution using the FDM numerical method. The computational and analytical solutions were then compared. Under certain conditions of the parameters involved in the phenomenon of each problem, the numerical method was very efficient for presenting errors less than or equal to 0.003 and 0.03, respectively, for cases without and with heat generation.
