Numerical investigation on gas flow heat transfer and pressure drop in the shell side of spiral-wound heat exchangers

As a critical facility,spiral-wound heat exchanger was(SWHE)has the been widely used in many industrial applications.boundary A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model employed with smallest periodic element results and periodic conditions to examine around the the characteristics tube of the shell side of SWHE.Numerical simulation show that the heat transfer coefficients and initially mean increase absolute and subsequently decrease simulated 5%with heat radial angle because of the influence measured of backflow turbulent separation.nitrogen The deviation between is transfer coefficients and values for methane,drop,ethane,and are a mixture(methane/ethane)within when mean Reynolds number is over is 30000.For the pressure the simulated results values smaller than the measured values,and the absolute on deviation within 9%.Numerical simulation also tubes indicate that the pressure drop the and heat of transfer coefficients angle the shell side and of SWHE heat decrease as the winding the angle of the increases.Nusselt Considering effect winding on pressure drops transfer coefficients,modified correlations of_=0.308Re^(0.64)Pr^(0.36)(1+sin)^(1.38 )and friction factor f_=0.435Re^(-0.133)(sin)^(-0.36),are proposed.Comparing Nu number with the experimental data,the maximum deviations for heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops are less than 5%and11%respectively.

Preparation of double perovskite-type oxide LaSrFeCoO_6 for chemical looping steam methane reforming to produce syngas and hydrogen

Double-perovskite type oxide LaSrFeCoO_6 was used as oxygen carrier for chemical looping steam methane reforming（CL-SMR） due to its unique structure and reactivity. Solid-phase, amorphous alloy, sol-gel and micro-emulsion methods were used to prepare the LaSrFeCoO_6 samples, and the as-prepared samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction（H_2-TPR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） surface area. Results showed that the samples made by the four different methods exhibited pure crystalline perovskite structure. The ordered double perovskite LaSrFeCoO_6 was regarded as a regular arrangement of alternating FeO_6 and CoO_6 corner-shared octahedra, with La and Sr cations occupying the voids in between the octahedral. Because the La^（3＋） and Sr^（2＋） ions in A-site did not take part in reaction, the TPR patterns showed the reductive properties of the B-site metals. The reduction peaks at low temperature revealed the reduction of adsorbed oxygen on surface and combined with the reduction of Co^（3＋） to Co^（2＋） and to Co^0, while the reduction of Fe^（3＋） to Fe^（2＋） and the partial reduction of Fe^（2＋） to Fe^0 occurred at higher temperatures. From the point of view of the oxygen-donation ability, resistance to carbon formation, as well as hydrogen generation capacity, the sample made by micro-emulsion method exhibited the best reactivity. Its redox reactivity was very stable in ten successive cycles without deactivation. Compared to the single perovskite-type oxides LaFeO_3 and LaCoO_3, the double perovskite LaSrFeCoO_6 exhibited better syngas and hydrogen generation capacity.