Colonic diverticular disease (diverticulosis) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western countries. This disorder is strictly related to aging and fibre intake, and still bears a discrete amount o...Colonic diverticular disease (diverticulosis) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western countries. This disorder is strictly related to aging and fibre intake, and still bears a discrete amount of morbidity. Numerous etiological co-factors have to date been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, yet the supporting evidence is still far from absolute. The present review considers the pathophysiology of colonic diverticular disease, with a special emphasis on factors related to abnormal colonic motility.展开更多
According to recent measurements the tendency of the chemical composition above the ankle is characterized by increasing fractions of intermediate and heavy nuclei and a dominance of light nuclei around the ankle. Cal...According to recent measurements the tendency of the chemical composition above the ankle is characterized by increasing fractions of intermediate and heavy nuclei and a dominance of light nuclei around the ankle. Calculation of the chemical composition in the range 3.5 × 1018 - 5 × 1019 eV according to new principles explains both the rising tendency of the heavy component. The calculation is prolonged to the adjacent interval 5 × 1019- 2.4 × 1021 eV using the same theoretical background and some features of the observed cosmic-ray spectrum. It results that above the energy of 6.7 × 1020 eV, where the flux is estimated to be 1.8 × 10?30 particles/m2 s sr GeV, the cosmic radiation consists only of nuclei heavier than Zinc. Measurements of the spectrum of present and past experiments are compared with the calculations.展开更多
Esophageal achalasia is an infrequent motility disorder characterized by a progressive stasis and dilation of the oesophagus; with subsequent risk of aspiration, weight loss, and malnutrition. Although the treatment o...Esophageal achalasia is an infrequent motility disorder characterized by a progressive stasis and dilation of the oesophagus; with subsequent risk of aspiration, weight loss, and malnutrition. Although the treatment of achalasia has been traditionally based on a surgical approach, especially with the introduction of laparoscopic techniques, there is still some space for a medical approach. The present article reviews the non-surgical therapeutic options for achalasia.展开更多
AIM:Bowel habits are difficult to study, and most data on defecatory behaviour in the general population have been obtained on the basis of recalled interview. The objective assessment of this physiological function a...AIM:Bowel habits are difficult to study, and most data on defecatory behaviour in the general population have been obtained on the basis of recalled interview. The objective assessment of this physiological function and its pathological aspects continues to pose a difficult challenge. The aim of this prospective study was to objectively assess the bowel habits and related aspects in a large sample drawn from thegeneral population.METHODS: Over a two-month period 488 subjects were prospectively recruited from the general population and asked to compile a daily diary on their bowel habits and associated signs and symptoms (the latter according to Rome Ⅱ criteria). A total of 298 (61%) participants returned a correctly compiled record, so that data for more than 8000 patient-days were available for statistical analysis.RESULTS:The average defecatory frequency was once per day (range of 0.25-3.25) and was similar between males and females.However, higher frequencies of straining at stool (P=0.001), a feeling of incomplete emptying and/or difficult evacuation (P=0.0001), and manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation (P=0.046) were reported by females as compared to males.CONCLUSION:This study represents one of the first attempts to objectively and prospectively assess bowel habits in a sample of the general population over a relatively long period of time. The variables we analyzed are coherent with the criteria commonly used for the clinical assessment of functional constipation, and can provide a useful adjunt for a better evaluation of constipated patients.展开更多
The flat limit of rotational velocity (v<sub>φ</sub>) approximately equal to the “edge”-velocity of a galaxy is related to the baryonic mass (M<sub>B</sub>) via the T-F relationship w...The flat limit of rotational velocity (v<sub>φ</sub>) approximately equal to the “edge”-velocity of a galaxy is related to the baryonic mass (M<sub>B</sub>) via the T-F relationship with n ≈ 4. We explore the connection between mass and the limiting velocity in the framework of general relativity (GR) using the Weyl metric for axially-symmetric galaxies that are supported entirely by their rotational motion. While for small distances from the center, the Newtonian description is accurate as one moves beyond the (baryonic) edge of the galaxy, Lenz’s law and non-linearity of the gravitational field inherent in GR not only lead to a flat velocity (obviating its Keplerian fall), but also provide its tight log-log relationship with the enclosed (baryonic) mass.展开更多
BESⅢ data show a particular angular distribution for the decay of J/Ψ and Ψ(2 S) mesons into ■ and Σ~0Σ~0 hyperons: the angular distribution of the decay Ψ(2 S) →Σ~0Σ~0 exhibits an opposite trend with respec...BESⅢ data show a particular angular distribution for the decay of J/Ψ and Ψ(2 S) mesons into ■ and Σ~0Σ~0 hyperons: the angular distribution of the decay Ψ(2 S) →Σ~0Σ~0 exhibits an opposite trend with respect to the other three channels: J/Ψ→■, J/Ψ→Σ~0Σ~0 and Ψ(2 S) →■. We define a model to explain the origin of this phenomenon.展开更多
文摘Colonic diverticular disease (diverticulosis) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western countries. This disorder is strictly related to aging and fibre intake, and still bears a discrete amount of morbidity. Numerous etiological co-factors have to date been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, yet the supporting evidence is still far from absolute. The present review considers the pathophysiology of colonic diverticular disease, with a special emphasis on factors related to abnormal colonic motility.
文摘According to recent measurements the tendency of the chemical composition above the ankle is characterized by increasing fractions of intermediate and heavy nuclei and a dominance of light nuclei around the ankle. Calculation of the chemical composition in the range 3.5 × 1018 - 5 × 1019 eV according to new principles explains both the rising tendency of the heavy component. The calculation is prolonged to the adjacent interval 5 × 1019- 2.4 × 1021 eV using the same theoretical background and some features of the observed cosmic-ray spectrum. It results that above the energy of 6.7 × 1020 eV, where the flux is estimated to be 1.8 × 10?30 particles/m2 s sr GeV, the cosmic radiation consists only of nuclei heavier than Zinc. Measurements of the spectrum of present and past experiments are compared with the calculations.
文摘Esophageal achalasia is an infrequent motility disorder characterized by a progressive stasis and dilation of the oesophagus; with subsequent risk of aspiration, weight loss, and malnutrition. Although the treatment of achalasia has been traditionally based on a surgical approach, especially with the introduction of laparoscopic techniques, there is still some space for a medical approach. The present article reviews the non-surgical therapeutic options for achalasia.
文摘AIM:Bowel habits are difficult to study, and most data on defecatory behaviour in the general population have been obtained on the basis of recalled interview. The objective assessment of this physiological function and its pathological aspects continues to pose a difficult challenge. The aim of this prospective study was to objectively assess the bowel habits and related aspects in a large sample drawn from thegeneral population.METHODS: Over a two-month period 488 subjects were prospectively recruited from the general population and asked to compile a daily diary on their bowel habits and associated signs and symptoms (the latter according to Rome Ⅱ criteria). A total of 298 (61%) participants returned a correctly compiled record, so that data for more than 8000 patient-days were available for statistical analysis.RESULTS:The average defecatory frequency was once per day (range of 0.25-3.25) and was similar between males and females.However, higher frequencies of straining at stool (P=0.001), a feeling of incomplete emptying and/or difficult evacuation (P=0.0001), and manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation (P=0.046) were reported by females as compared to males.CONCLUSION:This study represents one of the first attempts to objectively and prospectively assess bowel habits in a sample of the general population over a relatively long period of time. The variables we analyzed are coherent with the criteria commonly used for the clinical assessment of functional constipation, and can provide a useful adjunt for a better evaluation of constipated patients.
文摘The flat limit of rotational velocity (v<sub>φ</sub>) approximately equal to the “edge”-velocity of a galaxy is related to the baryonic mass (M<sub>B</sub>) via the T-F relationship with n ≈ 4. We explore the connection between mass and the limiting velocity in the framework of general relativity (GR) using the Weyl metric for axially-symmetric galaxies that are supported entirely by their rotational motion. While for small distances from the center, the Newtonian description is accurate as one moves beyond the (baryonic) edge of the galaxy, Lenz’s law and non-linearity of the gravitational field inherent in GR not only lead to a flat velocity (obviating its Keplerian fall), but also provide its tight log-log relationship with the enclosed (baryonic) mass.
文摘BESⅢ data show a particular angular distribution for the decay of J/Ψ and Ψ(2 S) mesons into ■ and Σ~0Σ~0 hyperons: the angular distribution of the decay Ψ(2 S) →Σ~0Σ~0 exhibits an opposite trend with respect to the other three channels: J/Ψ→■, J/Ψ→Σ~0Σ~0 and Ψ(2 S) →■. We define a model to explain the origin of this phenomenon.
