Powering a Low Power Wireless Sensor in a Harsh Industrial Environment: Energy Recovery with a Thermoelectric Generator and Storage on Supercapacitors

Wireless sensor networks are widely used for monitoring in remote areas. They mainly consist of wireless sensor nodes, which are usually powered by batteries with limited capacity, but are expected to last for long periods of time. To overcome these limitations and achieve perpetual autonomy, an energy harvesting technique using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) coupled with storage on supercapacitors is proposed. The originality of the work lies in the presentation of a maintenance-free, robust, and tested solution, well adapted to a harsh industrial context with a permanent temperature gradient. The harvesting part, which is attached to the hot spot in a few seconds using magnets, can withstand temperatures of 200°C. The storage unit, which contains the electronics and supercapacitors, operates at temperatures of up to 80°C. More specifically, this article describes the final design of a 3.3 V 60 mA battery-free power supply. An analysis of the thermal potential and the electrical power that can be recovered is presented, followed by the design of the main electronic stages: energy recovery using a BQ25504, storage on supercapacitors and finally shaping the output voltage with a boost (TPS610995) followed by an LDO (TPS71533).

大数据分析的分布式MOLAP技术

大数据的规模效应给数据存储、管理以及数据分析带来了极大的挑战,学界和业界广泛采用分布式文件系统和MapReduce编程模型来应对这一挑战.提出了大数据环境中一种基于Hadoop分布式文件系统(HDFS)和MapReduce编程模型的分布式MOLAP技术,称为DOLAP(distributed OLAP).DOLAP采用一种特殊的多维模型完成维和度量的映射;采用维编码和遍历算法实现维层次上的上卷下钻操作;采用数据分块和线性化算法将维和度量保存在分布式文件系统中;采用数据块选择算法优化OLAP的性能;采用MapReduce编程模型实现OLAP操作.描述了DOLAP在科学数据分析的应用案例,并与主流的非关系数据库系统进行性能对比.实验结果表明,尽管数据装载性能略显不足,但DOLAP的性能要优于基于HBase,Hive,HadoopDB,OLAP4Cloud等主流非关系数据库系统实现的OLAP性能.

MicroRNAs as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer

Despite tremendous efforts from scientists and clinicians worldwide, pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains a deadly disease due to the lack of early diagnostic tools and reliable therapeutic approaches. Consequently, a majority of patients(80%) display an advanced disease that results in a low resection rate leading to an overall median survival of less than 6 months. Accordingly, robust markers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, or markers indicative of survival and/or metastatic disease are des-perately needed to help alleviate the dismal prognosis of this cancer. In addition, the discovery of new therapeutic targets is mandatory to design effective treatments. In this review, we will highlight the translational studies demonstrating that microRNAs may soon translate into clinical applications as long-awaited screening tools and therapeutic targets for PDAC.

High tacrolimus intra-patient variability is associated with graft rejection,and de novo donor-specific antibodies occurrence after liver transplantation

AIM To investigate the role of tacrolimus intra-patient variability(IPV) in adult liver-transplant recipients.METHODS We retrospectively assessed tacrolimus variability in a cohort of liver-transplant recipients and analyzed its effect on the occurrence of graft rejection and de novo donor-specific antibodies(dn DSAs), as well as graft survival during the first 2 years posttransplantation. Between 02/08 and 06/2015, 116 patients that received tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil(with or without steroids) were included. RESULTS Twenty-two patients(18.5%) experienced at least one acute-rejection episode(BPAR). Predictive factors for a BPAR were a tacrolimus IPV of > 35% [OR = 3.07 95%CI(1.14-8.24), P = 0.03] or > 40% [OR = 4.16(1.38-12.50), P = 0.01), and a tacrolimus trough level of < 5 ng/mL [OR=3.68(1.3-10.4), P =0.014]. Thirteen patients(11.2%) developed at least one dn DSA during the follow-up. Tacrolimus IPV [coded as a continuous variable: OR = 1.1, 95%CI(1.0-1.12), P = 0.006] of > 35% [OR = 4.83, 95%CI(1.39-16.72), P = 0.01] and > 40% [OR = 9.73, 95%CI(2.65-35.76), P = 0.001] were identified as predictors to detect dn DSAs. IPV did not impact on patient-or graft-survival rates during the follow-up. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus-IPV could be a useful tool to identify patients with a greater risk of graft rejection and of developing a de novo DSA after liver

Identification of biomarkers of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas by expression profiling and validation with gene expression analysis in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration samples

瞄准：比较胰腺的腺癌织物标本的基因表示侧面，胰腺的人和腺癌和白血病房间线和正常的胰取样以便区分差别的冒号表示了基因并且在内视镜的指导超声的好针渴望( 指导EUS 的 FNA )由量的即时 RT-PCR ( RT-QPCR )验证基因的一个子集的微分表示标本。方法：包含 1176 基因的商业地奉献的癌症 cDNA 宏数组(地图集人癌症 1.2 ) 被使用。不同统计途径(层次聚类的、主要部件分析(PCA ) 和 SAM ) 被用来分析表示数据。RT-QPCR 和免疫组织化学的研究被用于结果的确认。结果：RT-QPCR 验证了 LCN2 的增加的表示(lipocalin 2 ) 并且第一次在恶意的胰的小块地(织物类型 plasminogen 使活跃之物或 tPA ) 同样与正常相比胰。Immunohistochemical 分析证实了在癌入侵的管的上皮细胞局部性的 LCN2 蛋白质的增加的表示。在与胰腺的腺癌从病人通过指导 EUS 的 FNA 获得的 12 件样品的小块地和 LCN2 抄本的分析与在正常纸巾发现的那些比较显示出显著地增加的表示层次，显示高质量的 RNA 的足够的数量能与这种技术被获得。结论：表示介绍是一个有用方法识别简历标记和潜在的目标基因。在胰腺的癌症的指导 EUS 的 FNA 样品的分子的分析为胰腺的腺癌的诊断作为珍贵策略出现。

Amalgamated Geometric Structure of the Local Multiverse

We consider multiverses as time-amalgamated multiply warped products of Lorentzian (Einstein) manifolds. We define the Local Multiverse as a time-connected component associated with our physical (3 + 1)-spacetime. It is a collection of “parallel universes” with (mutually) synchronized timelines. Metaphysical considerations suggest that the Local Multiverse could be an extremely complex agglomeration with, at least, several hundred parallel universes in the Solar neighbourhood (and many thousands in galaxy bulks). In this paper we study a simplified time-almagamated globally hyperbolic model. Our picture implies the multiversality of elementary particles which are, actually, transcosmic (super)strings with multiple endpoints on parallel universes considered as D-branes.

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Silicon Isotopes in Large Tropical Rivers

We present the first large dataset of dissolved silicon isotopes signatures(δ30Si)in different tropical rivers,including the Amazon and the Congo,the two largest silicon suppliers to the world ocean.A two-year long monthly series was obtained in the Congo River upstream of the Kinshasa/Brazzaville urban zone.Spatial and temporal variations in the Amazon River and its main tributaries were studied for one year.Both the Congo and Amazon rivers convey similar meanδ30Si signatures to the ocean （close to +0.8‰）,in the range of the few previously published data for those rivers.The Congo River exhibits limited seasonal variations,with the exception of some largeδ30Si variations that

Short-term effects of obestatin on hexose uptake and triacylglycerol breakdown in human subcutaneous adipocytes

AIM To study complete dose-dependent effects of obestatin on lipolytic and glucose transport activities in human adipocyte preparations highly responsive to insulin.METHODS Adipocytes were prepared by liberase digestion from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue obtained from overweight subjects undergoing plastic surgery. The index of lipolytic activity was the glycerol released in the incubation medium, while glucose transport was assessed by [~3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake assay.RESULTS When tested from 0.1 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L, obestatin did not stimulate glycerol release; it did not inhibit the lipolytic effect of isoprenaline and did not alter the insulin antilipolytic effect. Obestatin hardly activated glucose transport at 1 μmol/L only. Moreover, the obestatin stimulation effect was clearly lower than the threefold increase induced by insulin 100 nmol/L.CONCLUSION Low doses of obestatin cannot directly influence lipolysis and glucose uptake in human fat cells.

A Comparative Study of Milestones for Featuring GUI Prototyping Tools

Prototyping is one of the core activities of User-Centered Design (UCD) processes and an integral component of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. For many years, prototyping was synonym of paper-based mockups and only more recently we can say that dedicated tools for supporting prototyping activities really reach the market. In this paper, we propose to analyze the evolution of prototyping tools for supporting the development process of interactive systems. For that, this paper presents a review of the literature. We analyze the tools proposed by academic community as a proof of concepts and/or support to research activities. Moreover, we also analyze prototyping tools that are available in the market. We report our observation in terms of features that appear over time and constitute milestones for understating the evolution of concerns related to the development and use of prototyping tools. This survey covers publications published since 1988 in some of the main HCI conferences and 118 commercial tools available on the web. The results enable a brief comparison of characteristics present in both academic and commercial tools, how they have evolved, and what are the gaps that can provide insights for future research and development.

空间天气对生物及其疾病的影响(英文)

生物圈与区域气象之间的各种联系纵横交错,十分复杂。近年来,不断有证据表明太阳和地球通过多种途径影响着我们。研究发现,在统计误差允许的范围内两个极为相似的生物体的生理学周期与地球的循环和/或太阳风有共振关系。于是我们估计,太阳和人类生理学的某些方面存在相关性,如对人类的感情、思想和行为有着或好或坏的影响。在此,这种相关性我们称为时间结构上的一致性。所谓一致性,在时间结构上的定义并非是相似、相同或等量,而是时间谱系分析中时段的重合或者说重叠或覆盖,且重合范围达95%。此外,与天和/或年的特质相比,虽然在人类身上非光节律的特征不够明显,但在生物圈中这种特征有时会更加显著。科学统计揭示,太阳磁力、地磁力和间接的太阳风对地球生物圈节律的变化有必然的影响。

QTL for floral stem lignin content and degradability in three recombinant inbred line (RIL) progenies of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>and search for candidate genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and degradability

Deciphering the genetic determinants involved in cell wall assembly is a strategic issue for breeding programs that target both ruminant feeding and biofuel production. The Arabidopsis thaliana model system has great potentials to elucidate the genetic determinants involved in cell wall component biosynthesis and those involved in the regulation cascades allowing their coordinated assembly. QTL for biomass quality related traits (cell wall content, lignin content, and cell wall degradability) were mapped in the three Arabidopsis RIL progenies Bay0 × Shahdara, Bur0 × Col0, and Blh1 × Col0. Overall, 40 QTL were detected for these traits, explaining up to 33 and 12% of the observed phenotypic variation for lignin content and cell wall degradability respectively. Major QTL hotspots were mapped on chromosome 1 (position 5 Mbp), chromosome 4 (position 1 Mbp), and chromosome 5 (position 3 Mbp). A putative candidate gene set (82 genes) was considered including those previously described as involved in cell wall phenolic component biosynthesis, their regulation factors, and genes involved in lignified tissue patterning. Colocalisations observed (according to the reference sequence of Col0) between the detected QTL and these candidate genes did not prioritize any of the three gene groups (monolignol biosynthesis, transcription factors, lignified tissue patterning). Colocalizations were thus observed for 57% of monolignol biosynthesis related genes, 55% of the transcription factors considered, and 66% of genes considered to be involved in lignified tissue patterning and assembly. Colocalizations were observed for at least one member of all investigated gene families, except WRKY transcription factors. Colocalizations were also shown with several miRNA putatively involved in the regulation of lignifying tissue assembly. Taking into account the QTL shown in the Bur0 × Col0 progeny, allelic variations were shown in the MYB32, MYB58, MYB75, GRAS SCARECROW, AtC3H14 zinc finger, SHINE2, and IFL1 genes and in the AtMIR397a. Given that the list of candidate genes is not complete, and because the QTL support intervals encompassed genes of still unknown function, it is still not clear whether one of the selected candidates is responsible for the effect of a detected QTL. Mutant investigation and positional cloning steps are likely essential to clearly determine the causal mechanism involved in cell wall degradability variation.

Petrography and Geochemistry of the Mbip Granitic Massif, SW Tcholliré(Central North Cameroon): Petrogenetic and Geodynamic Implication

In this article, we discussed about the petrography and geochemistry of magmatic rocks of the?Mbip massif?located SW of Tcholliré, in Central North Cameroon (Central African Fold Belt). Petrographic study shows that this massif is made of granodiorite, amphibole-biotite granite, and biotite granite which often contain enclave of mafic rocks (gabbro). Granodiorites and granites show porphyritic texture and consist dominantly of plagioclase and alkaline feldspar phenocrysts, quartz, biotite and often few amphibole. The gabbro enclaves are characterized by a granular porphyroid texture constituted of amphibole, plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts, all in a matrix of small crystals of plagioclase, olivine, amphibole, pyroxene and opaque minerals. All the analyzed rocks provide geochemical features of sublkaline serie and have nothing to do with the alkaline nature previously signaled in the former works. Granodiorites and granites are shoshonitic to calc-alkaline strongly potassic affinity consistent with emplacement in the continental collision setting. They present positive anomalies in Rb, Th, U;negative anomalies in Sr, P, Ti, Nb, Ta and some facies contain hydrated minerals such as amphibole. These characters are consistent with crustal and mantle contribution in their genesis. The mafic rocks (gabbro) have geochemical characteristics conferring a mantle origin, as confirmed by the high Mg# value (49.9). On the whole, the fractional crystallization of the magma formed by melting of crustal material and the magmatic mixing are the main petrogenetic process in the Mbip massif. Petrographic studies and geochemical data shows that the Mbip massif was emplaced in an active continental margin, into transitional regime from the end of maximum compression to the beginning of relaxation.

Copy Mean: A New Method to Impute Intermittent Missing Values in Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are those in which the same variable is repeatedly measured at different times. These studies are more likely than others to suffer from missing values. Since the presence of missing values may have an important impact on statistical analyses, it is important that they should be dealt with properly. In this paper, we present “Copy Mean”, a new method to impute intermittent missing values. We compared its efficiency in eleven imputation methods dedicated to the treatment of missing values in longitudinal data. All these methods were tested on three markedly different real datasets (stationary, increasing, and sinusoidal pattern) with complete data. For each of them, we generated nine types of incomplete datasets that include 10%, 30%, or 50% of missing data using either a Missing Completely at Random, a Missing at Random, or a Missing Not at Random missingness mechanism. Our results show that Copy Mean has a great effectiveness, exceeding or equaling the performance of other methods in almost all configurations. The effectiveness of linear interpolation is highly data-dependent. The Last Occurrence Carried Forward method is strongly discouraged.

Hecke-Langlands Duality and Witten’s Gravitational Moonshine

The purpose of this research is to give a dual description of conformal blocks of d=2 rational CFT (conformal field theory) in terms of Hecke eigenforms and eigensheaves. In particular, partition functions, conformal characters and lattice theta functions may be reconstructed from the action of Hecke operators. This method can be applied to: 1) rings of integers of Galois number fields equipped with the trace (or anti-trace) form;2) root lattices of affine Kac-Moody algebras and WZW-models;3) minimal models of Belavin-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov and related d=2 spin-chain/lattice models;4) vertex algebras of Leech and Niemeier lattices and others. We also use the original Witten’s idea to construct the 3-dimensional quantum gravity as the AdS/CFT-dual of c=24 Monster vertex algebra of Frenkel-Lepowsky- Meurman. Concerning the geometric Langlands duality, we use results of Beilinson-Drinfeld, Frenkel-Ben-Zvi, Gukov-Kapustin-Witten and many others (cf. references). The main new result in this paper is the construction of number-theoretical lattice vertex superalgebras in Section 5 and applications to conformal field theories and quantum gravity.

Hyperverse, 5-Dimensional Gravity and Multiverses as Nested Gogberashvili Shells

We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in 5-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Each multiverse in our simplified model is a bouquet of nested spherical Gogberashvili shells. If gk is the gravitational constant of a thin shell Sk and εk, its thickness then G ~ εkgk. The physical universe is supposed to be one of those shells inside the local nested bouquet called Local Multiverse. We relate this construction to Robinson-Trautman metrics describing expanding spacetimes with spherical gravitational waves. Supermassive astronomical black holes, located at cores of elliptic/spiral galaxies, are also conjecturally described within this theory. Our constructions are equally consistent with the modern theory of cosmological coupling.

Geochemistry of Magmatic Rocks of the Syama Belt, Southern Mali, West African Craton

Within southern Mali, the Syama belt constitutes a linear major structure-oriented N-S, which host several gold deposits (e.g., Syama and Tabakoroni) and prospect areas (e.g. Tellem). The Syama Belt is formed by magmatic rocks (basalts, lamprophyres, andesites, dacites and microgranites);sedimentary rocks (shales) and volcano-sedimentary rocks (pyroclastics). The magmatic rocks are divided into two main volcanic series: tholeiitic affinity rocks (basalts and lamprophyres) and calc-alkaline affinity (andesites) that are the most evolved. The field relationships between rocks of these two series suggest that the calc-alkaline series are younger the tholeiitic series. These tholeiitic series present the Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) affinity whereas the calc-alkaline series would be linked to an island arc-type. This coexistence is not an isolated case within the West African Craton (WAC). Otherwise, the Syama belt has all the characteristics of other belts, within which a number of gold deposits are developed, in the WAC.

KINETICS STUDIES OF MINERAL-WATER REACTIONS IN HYDROTHERMAL FLOW SYSTEMS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES

This paper describes new experimental results on mlneral-water reaction kinetics obtained in plug-flow systems at high temperatures and pressures. As an example, the rates of reaction between calcite, fluorite, albite and water in the continuous flowing system have been measured in three separate studies. All experiments are carried out by suspending a sample bag in the plug-flow vessel, by pumping water at carefully controlled rates through the vessel, and by collecting and analyzing the reacted solution. In addition, the reaction mechanisms of fluorite and albite in a packed bed reactor have been studied with the aid of an axial dispersion model. The main factors controlling the effective dissolution rate with respect to temperature, solvent flow rate, and chemistry of the input solutions have been evaluated. It is also found that a non-steady state process is, in some cases, still observed, even under conditions where steady state conditions should have been attained. These results provide

Effects of seed type and bruchid genotype on the performance and oviposition behavior of Zabrotes subfasciatus （Coleoptera： Bruchidae）

The effect of different bean varieties on the performance of the bruchid beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman （Coleoptera： Bruchidae）, was determined by using wild and cultivated seeds of the genus Phaseolus. Results showed that the quality of the host plant affected the performance and the oviposition behavior of female beetles. Overall, bruchid performance was higher on cultivated seeds than on wild seeds. It was also found that the oviposition behavior and the performance of their offspring differed between females that originated from wild versus cultivated seeds. We also demonstrated the importance of a genetic component in bruchid performance： longevity, fecundity, larval development, adult size, and the sex ratio of the progeny varied according to their matemal lineage （‘family＇ ）. For example, on the same host type, some females laid twice as many eggs as females from other‘families＇, and the sex ratio among the offspring correlated with that of their mother. Thus, the performance and behavior of Z. subfasciatus are not only affected by environmental factors such as the quality of the seeds on which they develop, but also have a genetic basis which can counterbalance a less suitable quality of the host plant. For a crop pest such as Z. subfasciatus, its ability to survive and adapt on host plants of differing quality may be an important attribute to consider for pest management.

A PERTURBATION METHOD FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE BERNOULLI PROBLEM

We consider the numerical solution of the free boundary Bernoulli problem by employing level set formulations. Using a perturbation technique, we derive a second order method that leads to a fast iteration solver. The iteration procedure is adapted in order to work in the case of topology changes. Various numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of the derived numerical method.

Zwitterionic and mesoionic liquids:Molecular aggregation in 3-methylsydnone

Ionic liquids are green solvents with interesting properties:displaying low melting points and high boiling points.They offer a new approach applicable in many instances.Nevertheless,the presence of free ions can be a matter in some cases,e.g.for the study of nucleophilic reactions,in electrochemistry,and in each situation where there is a competition between counter ions,as in micellization of ionic surfactants.Neutral compounds having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign,and the same physical properties than ionic liquids would be a nice alternative to these latter solvents.There are two classes of chemical compounds having these characteristics:zwitterionic liquids(with no uncharged canonical representation) and mesoionic liquids(in which the negative and the positive charges are delocalized).In that last class we have chosen to work with 3-methylsydnone in order to examine,in this aprotic solvent,if it was possible to observe aggregation of surfactants in the same manner as in water.With all kinds of surfactants studied(ionic,zwitterionic and mesoionic) we have been able to demonstrate the formation of direct micelles:hydrogen bonding is thus not mandatory for molecular aggregation.Comparison of the behavior in water and in formamide showed that solvophobic interactions were qualitatively comparable but with a lower intensity.