In this article, we propose by using the Hausdorff distance Simpson’s rule for the triple integral of a fuzzy-valued function and the error bound of this method, one of the variables of which is fuzzy. In addition, t...In this article, we propose by using the Hausdorff distance Simpson’s rule for the triple integral of a fuzzy-valued function and the error bound of this method, one of the variables of which is fuzzy. In addition, thin δ-fine partitions are introduced. The integration domain is a quasi-fuzzy parallelipiped. A numerical example is presented in order to show the application and the significance of the method.展开更多
In this article, we use the Hausdorf distance to treat triple Simpson’s rule of the Henstock triple integral of a fuzzy valued function as well as the error bound of the method. We also introduce δ-fine subdivisions...In this article, we use the Hausdorf distance to treat triple Simpson’s rule of the Henstock triple integral of a fuzzy valued function as well as the error bound of the method. We also introduce δ-fine subdivisions for a Henstock triple integral and numerical example is presented in order to show the application and the consequence of the method.展开更多
In tropical african countries where livestock is either reared in herds on natural grasslands or individuallly tethered to herds on natural or spontaneous vegetation, the productivity is low, especially during the dry...In tropical african countries where livestock is either reared in herds on natural grasslands or individuallly tethered to herds on natural or spontaneous vegetation, the productivity is low, especially during the dry season. Using improved forages could play an important role in both enhancing livestock production and improving soil fertility and preventing from soil erosion. Eleven herbaceous forage legumes previously tested in tropical South America and South Asia by CIAT were tested in South-Kivu, D. R. Congo. Across sites, Stylosanthes guianensis, Desmodium uncinatum, Centrosema molle and Canavalia brasiliensis had a highest yield, nowhere Vigna unguiculata adapted. Differencial plant adaptation occured, e.g. Clitoria ternatea being well adaptated only in the midlands with good soils, where the mean of dry mater leaf yield was higher. Farmer evaluation emphazied overall biomass production with preference in the highlands, farmers chose Desmodium uncinatum, Canavalia brasiliensis and Lablab purpureus 21603 and in the midlands Stylosanthes guianensis 11995 and Lablab purpureus 22759. Farmer evaluation confirmed the best yield fit herbaceous forage legumes.展开更多
Livestock is traditionally managed in mixed crop-livestock production systems in Sud-Kivu, D. R. Congo. Currently, livestock production is facing numerous constraints due to wars and insecurity in the country, with lo...Livestock is traditionally managed in mixed crop-livestock production systems in Sud-Kivu, D. R. Congo. Currently, livestock production is facing numerous constraints due to wars and insecurity in the country, with looting of animals, demographic pressure on natural resources, and lack of extension services. Multipurpose trees and shrubs with adequate forage quality could help overcome dry-season feed shortage. The objective of this research was to assess the agro-ecological adaptability of selected forage tree and shrub legumes combined with farmer participatory evaluation. The study was carried out at two distinct mid-altitude sites in Sud-Kivu. Trees and shrubs were planted randomly in eleven lines, with each species/accession consisting of nine plants split into three replications. Following a standardization cut after one year of growth, regular biomass harvests were performed every eight weeks during one year;Desmodium and Flemingia were cut at 0.5 m above soil surface, while Leucaena and Calliandra at 1 m. Before every harvest, plant height was measured and number of stems counted. Fresh leaf and stem biomass were weighted, sub samples dried and leaves analyzed for nutritive value. Results from agronomic evaluation show that Leucaena diversifolia ILRI 15551 and Leucaena leucocephala had the highest yield in the rainy season on fertile soil;during dry season, Leucaena diversifolia ILRI 15551 was superior. On poor soil, Flemingia macrophylla CIAT 17403 performed best in both seasons, however, its forage quality was relatively low. Forage tree and shrub legumes chosen by farmers were, in general, the same as those superior ones in agronomic evaluation.展开更多
In our previous work, we study fuzzy Itôintegrals driven by a fuzzy Brownian motion. In this article, we continue this study. The purpose of this paper is to study the weak uniqueness of fuzzy stochastic diff...In our previous work, we study fuzzy Itôintegrals driven by a fuzzy Brownian motion. In this article, we continue this study. The purpose of this paper is to study the weak uniqueness of fuzzy stochastic differential equations taking into account fuzzy Brownian motion. For instance, we construct the fuzzy stochastic differential equation driven by a fuzzy Brownian motion. To define and prove our results, we use the fuzzification, the alpha cut method and the Hausdorff distance between two fuzzy quantities. Some results are to our credit in this article like the instance, we construct the fuzzy stochastic differrential equation driven by fuzzy Brownian motion. Furthermore, we develop fuzzy Itôcalculus driven by a fuzzy Brownian motion. Our result complement existing ones in that the fuzzy version of Brownian motion is taken into account.展开更多
Malaria,for its high prevalence and morbidity,is one of the major tropical parasitic diseases,particularly in DR Congo.Its therapy not only uses modem antimalarials,for which many Resistance problems are encountered,b...Malaria,for its high prevalence and morbidity,is one of the major tropical parasitic diseases,particularly in DR Congo.Its therapy not only uses modem antimalarials,for which many Resistance problems are encountered,but also medicinal plants which are promising sources for new and effective antimalarials.This study was conducted展开更多
文摘In this article, we propose by using the Hausdorff distance Simpson’s rule for the triple integral of a fuzzy-valued function and the error bound of this method, one of the variables of which is fuzzy. In addition, thin δ-fine partitions are introduced. The integration domain is a quasi-fuzzy parallelipiped. A numerical example is presented in order to show the application and the significance of the method.
文摘In this article, we use the Hausdorf distance to treat triple Simpson’s rule of the Henstock triple integral of a fuzzy valued function as well as the error bound of the method. We also introduce δ-fine subdivisions for a Henstock triple integral and numerical example is presented in order to show the application and the consequence of the method.
文摘In tropical african countries where livestock is either reared in herds on natural grasslands or individuallly tethered to herds on natural or spontaneous vegetation, the productivity is low, especially during the dry season. Using improved forages could play an important role in both enhancing livestock production and improving soil fertility and preventing from soil erosion. Eleven herbaceous forage legumes previously tested in tropical South America and South Asia by CIAT were tested in South-Kivu, D. R. Congo. Across sites, Stylosanthes guianensis, Desmodium uncinatum, Centrosema molle and Canavalia brasiliensis had a highest yield, nowhere Vigna unguiculata adapted. Differencial plant adaptation occured, e.g. Clitoria ternatea being well adaptated only in the midlands with good soils, where the mean of dry mater leaf yield was higher. Farmer evaluation emphazied overall biomass production with preference in the highlands, farmers chose Desmodium uncinatum, Canavalia brasiliensis and Lablab purpureus 21603 and in the midlands Stylosanthes guianensis 11995 and Lablab purpureus 22759. Farmer evaluation confirmed the best yield fit herbaceous forage legumes.
文摘Livestock is traditionally managed in mixed crop-livestock production systems in Sud-Kivu, D. R. Congo. Currently, livestock production is facing numerous constraints due to wars and insecurity in the country, with looting of animals, demographic pressure on natural resources, and lack of extension services. Multipurpose trees and shrubs with adequate forage quality could help overcome dry-season feed shortage. The objective of this research was to assess the agro-ecological adaptability of selected forage tree and shrub legumes combined with farmer participatory evaluation. The study was carried out at two distinct mid-altitude sites in Sud-Kivu. Trees and shrubs were planted randomly in eleven lines, with each species/accession consisting of nine plants split into three replications. Following a standardization cut after one year of growth, regular biomass harvests were performed every eight weeks during one year;Desmodium and Flemingia were cut at 0.5 m above soil surface, while Leucaena and Calliandra at 1 m. Before every harvest, plant height was measured and number of stems counted. Fresh leaf and stem biomass were weighted, sub samples dried and leaves analyzed for nutritive value. Results from agronomic evaluation show that Leucaena diversifolia ILRI 15551 and Leucaena leucocephala had the highest yield in the rainy season on fertile soil;during dry season, Leucaena diversifolia ILRI 15551 was superior. On poor soil, Flemingia macrophylla CIAT 17403 performed best in both seasons, however, its forage quality was relatively low. Forage tree and shrub legumes chosen by farmers were, in general, the same as those superior ones in agronomic evaluation.
文摘In our previous work, we study fuzzy Itôintegrals driven by a fuzzy Brownian motion. In this article, we continue this study. The purpose of this paper is to study the weak uniqueness of fuzzy stochastic differential equations taking into account fuzzy Brownian motion. For instance, we construct the fuzzy stochastic differential equation driven by a fuzzy Brownian motion. To define and prove our results, we use the fuzzification, the alpha cut method and the Hausdorff distance between two fuzzy quantities. Some results are to our credit in this article like the instance, we construct the fuzzy stochastic differrential equation driven by fuzzy Brownian motion. Furthermore, we develop fuzzy Itôcalculus driven by a fuzzy Brownian motion. Our result complement existing ones in that the fuzzy version of Brownian motion is taken into account.
文摘Malaria,for its high prevalence and morbidity,is one of the major tropical parasitic diseases,particularly in DR Congo.Its therapy not only uses modem antimalarials,for which many Resistance problems are encountered,but also medicinal plants which are promising sources for new and effective antimalarials.This study was conducted
