Three New Hydrogenosuccinate and Succinate Adducts Complexes:Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study

One new hydrogenosuccinate and two succinate adduct and complex have been synthesized and studied by infrared,UV-Visible and NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy)^(119)Sn spectroscopies.The suggested structure is discrete,the hydrogenosuccinate behaving as a monodentate ligand or only involved in hydrogen bonding,the environment around the magnesium centre being triangular(compound 3).The succiate anion is a monochelating ligand(compound 1 and 2).In all the suggested structures,when extra hydrogen bonds are considered,supramolecular architectures are obtained(compound 2 and 3).

COVID-19 and the Tipping of Households Into Poverty in Senegal

Based on household data from the"Jàngandoo"education quality barometer collected from March to July 2019 and on the"COVID-19 and family"survey conducted in December 2020,this article compares the vulnerabilities faced by households before the pandemic and in the post-pandemic period.It analysis variations in household living conditions and in their financial,food,health and educational vulnerabilities of Dakar,Diourbel,Tambacounda and Ziguinchor in Senegal.The benefit of social protection in the same regions was also studied.It appears that COVID-19 is a major shock that has led to a decline in household living conditions from several angles affecting human capital.The southern and eastern regions(Ziguinchor and Tambacounda)were more affected,while the regions of Dakar and Diourbel were less exposed to the consequences of the pandemic.Inequities among regions persist,and COVID-19 has accentuated them.In addition to health interventions,the actions that should be undertaken are in the area of developing autonomous territorial poles to break the dependence on other geographical areas.

Evaluation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel Produced from Rapeseed Oil

The objective of the present study is to examine and compare the performance and emission characteristic of two biodiesel fuels produced from rapeseed oil via transesterification method.Tested biodiesel fuels(ROME(Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester)and ROEE(Rapeseed Oil Ethyl Ester))were selected based on their properties obtained from an optimization of transesterification conditions.A Yanmar diesel engine has led to evaluating their performance parameters such as fuel consumption rate,exhaust gas temperature and emission characteristic corresponding to nitrogen oxides(NOx),carbone monoxide(CO)and carbon dioxide(CO2).A comparative analysis was carried out using normal diesel fuel tested in same experimental conditions.Fuel consumption rate was measured by observing the volumetric rate from the fuel tank of the engine supported by stopwatch.The exhaust gas temperature and emission characteristic were measured simultaneously by using a testo 350 flue gas analyzer.According to the results,biodiesel fuels showed a higher fuel consumption rate and exhaust gas temperature under an increase of engine speed.They also exhibited lower NOx emission with a slight rise in CO and CO2 emission compared to mineral diesel fuel.ROME exhibited low emission gas compared to ROEE and mineral diesel.It can be evaluated as a promising alternative fuel for diesel engine.

Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Rapeseed Oil through Optimization of Transesterification Reaction Conditions

In this study,biodiesel fuel was produced from rapeseed oil via transesterification method.The optimum reaction conditions were determined by varying alcohol type and its concentration considering their influence on the yield and properties of produced biodiesel.Methanol and ethanol were alcohol used in the transesterification process.The density of biodiesel was measured at 15℃according to EN ISO 12185 test method and its viscosity was determined at 40℃by using a Brookfield digital viscometer(DV-II+Pro).Shimadzu Auto-Calculating Bomb calorimeter CA-4AJ was used to measure the high heating value.The optimum transesterification conditions found were alcohol:oil ratio of 18:1,1%of potassium hydroxide as catalyst,60 min of reaction time,60℃of reaction temperature and stirring speed of 650 rpm.Biodiesel properties under these conditions satisfied the regulatory standards and are slightly similar to those of mineral diesel tested in same conditions.Using methanol gives better results compared to ethanol.

Concurrent PIEZO1 activation and ATP2B4 blockade effectively reduce the risk of cerebral malaria and inhibit in vitro Plasmodium falciparum multiplication in red blood cells

Malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is responsible for more than 240 million cases per year and killed 627,000 people in 2020,mostly African children.The malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitos belonging to the genus Anopheles.After an asymptomatic liver stage,the parasite is released into the bloodstream to invade red blood cells(RBCs)and replicate asexually.This erythrocytic phase is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations,including mild and severe malaria.Cerebral malaria(CM)is one of the most severe forms,characterized by the sequestration of parasitized RBCs in the small capillaries of the brain and the local development of cytokine-mediated inflammation.Genetic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in red blood cell physiology are protective factors against severe malaria,as clearly demonstrated for the sickle cell variant of hemoglobin(HbS).

Fundamental calculus of the fractional derivative defined with Rabotnov exponential kernel and application to nonlinear dispersive wave model

Before going further with fractional derivative which is constructed by Rabotnov exponential kernel,there exist many questions that are not addressed.In this paper,we try to recapitulate all the fundamental calculus,which we can obtain with this new fractional operator.The problems in this paper are to determine the solutions of the fractional differential equations where the second members are constant functions,polynomial functions,exponential functions,trigonometric functions,or Mittag-Leffler functions.For all the fractional differential equations,the obtained solutions are represented graphically.The Laplace transform of the fractional derivative with Rabotnov exponential kernel is the primary tool in the investigations.Finally,we give the fundamental solution to the nonlinear time-fractional modified Degasperis-Procesi equation by considering the fractional operator with Rabotnov exponential kernel.