Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome relapse following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Dear Editor,We report a case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome(MEWDS)relapse following mRNA corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination.MEWDS is a choroidal inflammatory disease belonging to the group of“white dot syndromes”group,with an excellent prognosis[1].MEWDS is usually idiopathic,but there have been reports of MEWDS following viral infection or vaccination[1-2].

Refractory intraocular hypertension after dexamethasone-implant intravitreal injection treated with Preserflo MicroShunt implantation

Dear Editor,Herein,we report a case of a patient who presented with refractory ocular hypertension(OHT)after a dexamethasone implant(DEX-I)injection.Intraocular pressure(IOP)was finally managed after Preserflo Micro Shunt implantation,allowing the continued use of dexamethasone implant.

组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶活力的原位红外光谱检测

以孵育17天的小鸡胚胎中,富含组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶(TNAP)的细胞外微结构——基质囊泡(MVs)作为研究模型,利用焦磷酸盐(PPi)作为TNAP酶的天然底物,在近生理条件下,以红外(IR)光谱为监测工具,原位检测MVs水解PPi的反应过程,根据红外谱图特征吸收峰的变化,计算TNAP酶活力值。

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitonealchemotherapy in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer associated peritoneal carcinomatosis(GCPC) has a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than one year. Systemic chemotherapy including targeted agents has not been found to significantly increase the survival in GCPC. Since recurrent gastric cancer remains confined to the abdominal cavity in many patients, regional therapies like aggressive cytoreductive surgery( CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) have been investigated for GCPC. HIPEC has been used for three indications in GC- as an adjuvant therapy after a curative surgery, HIPEC has been shown to improve survival and reduce peritoneal recurrences in many randomised trials in Asian countries; as a definitive treatment in established PC, HIPEC along with CRS is the only therapeutic modality that has resulted in longterm survival in select groups of patients; as a palliative treatment in advanced PC with intractable ascites, HIPEC has been shown to control ascites and reduce the need for frequent paracentesis. While the results of randomised trials of adjuvant HIPEC from western centres are awaited, the role of HIPEC in the treatment of GCPC is still evolving and needs larger studies before it is accepted as a standard of care.

原位检测组织非特异碱性磷酸酶活性的二维相关分析校正

在以人成骨肉瘤细胞株(Saos-2)为模型,利用α-D-葡萄糖-1-磷酸(α-G-1-P)为生理底物,原位检测组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶(TNAP)活力时,红外(IR)光谱峰位选取不准确和谱带严重重叠无法分辨/分离等都将给酶活力的测试结果带来偏差。二维相关分析与IR光谱的结合使用将在一定程度上改进上述问题,将在文中具体阐述。

The current role of prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging

Prostate multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)has shown excellent sensitivity for Gleason
7 cancers,especially when their volume is
0.5 mL.As a result,performing an mpMRI before prostate biopsy could improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)by adding targeted biopsies to systematic biopsies.Currently,there is a consensus that targeted biopsies improve the detection of csPCa in the repeat biopsy setting and at confirmatory biopsy in patients considering active surveillance.Several prospective multicentric controlled trials recently showed that targeted biopsy also improved csPCa detection in biopsy-naǐve patients.The role of mpMRI and targeted biopsy during the follow-up of active surveillance remains unclear.Whether systematic biopsy could be omitted in case of negative mpMRI is also a matter of controversy.mpMRI did show excellent negative predictive values(NPV)in the literature,however,since NPV depends on the prevalence of the disease,negative mpMRI findings should be interpreted in the light of a priori risk for csPCa of the patient.Nomograms combining mpMRI findings and classical risk predictors(age,prostatespecific antigen density,digital rectal examination,etc.)will probably be developed in the future to decide whether a prostate biopsy should be obtained.mpMRI has a good specificity for detecting T3 stage cancers,but its sensitivity is low.It should therefore not be used routinely for staging purposes in low-risk patients.Nomograms combining mpMRI findings and other clinical and biochemical data will also probably be used in the future to better assess the risk of T3 stage disease.

Locoregional therapies and their effects on the tumoral microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of death from cancer by 2030. Despite intensive research in the field of therapeutics, the 5-year overall survival is approximately 8%, with only 20% of patients eligible for surgery at the time of diagnosis. The tumoral microenvironment(TME) of the PDAC is one of the main causes for resistance to antitumoral treatments due to the presence of tumor vasculature, stroma, and a modified immune response. The TME of PDAC is characterized by high stiffness due to fibrosis, with hypo microvascular perfusion, along with an immunosuppressive environment that constitutes a barrier to effective antitumoral treatment. While systemic therapies often produce severe side effects that can alter patients’ quality of life, locoregional therapies have gained attention since their action is localized to the pancreas and can thus alleviate some of the barriers to effective antitumoral treatment due to their physical effects. Local hyperthermia using radiofrequency ablation and radiation therapy-most commonly using a local high single dose-are the two main modalities holding promise for clinical efficacy. Recently, irreversible electroporation and focused ultrasound-derived cavitation have gained increasing attention. To date, most of the data are limited to preclinical studies, but ongoing clinical trials may help better define the role of these locoregional therapies in the management of PDAC patients.

Selective and taxon-dependent effects of semi-feral cattle grazing on tree regeneration in an old-growth Mediterranean mountain forest

Background:In Mediterranean mountain socio-ecosystems,both grazing by livestock and the dry season may influence tree regeneration.However,the relative contributions of these drivers are poorly known,even though present and future canopy composition might result from past and present variations in climate and herbivore density.This study aims to test how semi-feral cattle presence and season affect tree regeneration.Methods:The study was conducted using permanent plots inside and outside a cattle exclosure in an old-growth Mediterranean forest.Saplings and seedlings were counted five times per year(winter,early spring,middle spring,summer,fall)and monitored over 7 yrs.Results:Semi-feral cattle exclusion increased Acer,Fagus,Ilex,Pinus,Prunus and Quercus sapling densities and increased Acer,Fraxinus,Ilex,Quercus and Sorbus seedling densities.Interestingly,the dry season did not exert any noticeable effects on the sapling or seedling densities of any of the studied taxa.Discussion:Semi-feral cattle presence may limit tree regeneration through taxon-dependent effects,which suggests that the current decrease in grazing livestock across the Mediterranean basin will modify recruitment processes and,likely,future forest composition.Conclusions:Semi-feral cattle presence acts as a selective driver of tree community composition.

信息技术促进心肌缺血的检出

背景:标准12导联心电图仍然是早期检测、评估急性冠状动脉综合征的一种基本方法。其易于操作,可随时随地应用,并且能够在数分钟内数字化传输到急诊医疗中心,进行远距离咨询和诊断分类。但是,常规的ST段偏移标准诊断准确度有限。

Design and Production of a Patient Guide to Support Return to Work after Breast Cancer:An Application of Intervention Mapping

Aims.Return to work(RTW)after breast cancer is a complex process that questions the individual trajectories of patients and stakeholders.Program planning in this context requires relying on appropriate methods like Intervention Mapping(IM)which encompasses such complexity.The aim of the methodological study is to describe an application of IM for both the design and production of a patient guide supporting RTW after breast cancer.Procedure.According to IM,the guide was co-constructed with a Community Advisory Board(CAB)of stakeholders(patients/associations,health professionals,companies,institutions)after considering other options(interactive website,mobile application).The design was done with empirical and theoretical anchoring,guided here by an Ecosystem Process of Change model.A communication agency was chosen to produce the document.Pre-tests were conducted with a representative panel of the target audience to assess the different prototypes elaborated,using questionnaires and a focus group.Results.The final structure of the guide is presented with comments in order to concretely illustrate the management of IM steps 3 and 4.The final structure of the guide is presented,along with a description of its components that target women(according to Prochaska et Di Clemente’s stages of change)and their environment(by use of levers they may activate).The results of the pre-test led to the simplification of the guide and its structure.Conclusion.IM allows a rich integration of experiential knowledge in the planning of complex health and public health programs.The development of the guide has attempted to integrate its aspects,in particular to promote both its implementation and its effects.Reflections are brought about the realistic evaluation of such complex interventions.

Control of light emission of quantum emitters coupled to silicon nanoantenna using cylindrical vector beams

Light emission of europium(Eu^(3+))ions placed in the vicinity of optically resonant nanoantennas is usually controlled by tailoring the local density of photon states(LDOS).We show that the polarization and shape of the excitation beam can also be used to manipulate light emission,as azimuthally or radially polarized cylindrical vector beam offers to spatially shape the electric and magnetic fields,in addition to the effect of silicon nanorings(Si-NRs)used as nanoantennas.The photoluminescence(PL)mappings of the Eu^(3+)transitions and the Si phonon mappings are strongly dependent of both the excitation beam and the Si-NR dimensions.The experimental results of Raman scattering and photoluminescence are confirmed by numerical simulations of the near-field intensity in the Si nanoantenna and in the Eu^(3+)-doped film,respectively.The branching ratios obtained from the experimental PL maps also reveal a redistribution of the electric and magnetic emission channels.Our results show that it could be possible to spatially control both electric and magnetic dipolar emission of Eu^(3+)ions by switching the laser beam polarization,hence the near field at the excitation wavelength,and the electric and magnetic LDOS at the emission wavelength.This paves the way for optimized geometries taking advantage of both excitation and emission processes.

藏南聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系上部韧性变形年代学及地质意义

藏南拆离断层系(STDS)为低角度正断层,其上盘为特提斯喜马拉雅沉积岩系,下盘为高喜马拉雅结晶岩系.厘定与STDS有关的变形时限,对深入理解喜马拉雅造山带的变形机制与构造演化具重要意义.聂拉木拆离断层(ND)(86°E)位于STDS中段(81°～89°E),ND下盘不同构造位置(即采样点位与ND的构造距离)的变形花岗质岩脉具有一定程度的同构造特征,锆石-独居石U-Th/Pb年龄可以不同程度地厘定变形时间:(1)样品T11N37(ND下盘约3500m构造位置)的侵位年龄为27.4±0.2Ma;(2)样品T11N32(ND下盘约1400m构造位置)的侵位年龄为22.0±0.3Ma;(3)样品T11N25(ND下盘约150m构造位置)的侵位年龄为17.1±0.2Ma,结合ND下盘冷却历史和T11N25变形温度,认为其变形最晚开始时间约为16Ma.年代学结果表明,变形作用的最晚开始时间由下盘往拆离面逐渐变年轻.因此提出ND下盘变形迁移的新模式,即ND下盘在约27.5Ma之前开始纯剪切为主的变形作用,随后变形以约0.3mm/a的速率向拆离面移动,并于约18Ma在藏南拆离断层剪切带(STDsz)底部转化为简单剪切变形为主.由于ND变形结束于14～13Ma,这意味着北向剪切作用的持续时限小于约5Ma,对下地壳流动模型提出新的挑战.

TC32钛合金超高周疲劳性能研究

应用20kHz超声疲劳试验系统和高频疲劳试验系统,对TC32钛合金材料室温对称载荷作用下的超高周疲劳进行了研究。结果表明:疲劳循环在10~7周次后仍会发生断裂,不存在明显的疲劳极限,S-N曲线呈现双线性特征;从疲劳断口特征来看,较高应力下为表面萌生机制,而在低应力超高周疲劳范围内,裂纹则主要于亚表面萌生;加载频率对TC32钛合金疲劳行为无明显影响。

Combination therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma:do we see the light at the end of the tunnel?

Importance:Combination therapies of anti-PD-1 and anti-angiogenesis regimens are emerging rapidly and exhibit more promising anti-tumor efficacy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and consistently it is the hotspot in clinical studies.Objective:To elaborate several issues which are warranted further consideration as more regimens are being investigated in combination therapies.Evidence Review:We searched PubMed,MEDLINE,Cochrane Library and Google Scholar by 2021 February for publications on combination therapies for HCC.Findings:Several clinical issues are worth reconsidering,such as the evaluation on appropriate primary endpoints in phase III clinical trials as for different practical problems,the translation of surrogate endpoint objective response rate(ORR)benefits into overall survival(OS)benefits,and whether conversion surgery contributes to initial expectations of long-term survival or not.New concepts in novel immunotherapy and targeted therapy in combination with loco-regional therapies may improve overall survival for HCC.Conclusions and Relevance for Reviews:Comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of immunotherapy and targeted therapy contributes to better prognosis of advanced HCC and more explorative combination therapies are needed.

Optical tracking of picosecond coherent phonon pulse focusing inside a sub-micron object

By means of an ultrafast optical technique,we track focused gigahertz coherent phonon pulses in objects down to sub-micron in size.Infrared light pulses illuminating the surface of a single metal-coated silica fibre generate longitudinal-phonon wave packets.Reflection of visible probe light pulses from the fibre surface allows the vibrational modes of the fibre to be detected,and Brillouin optical scattering of partially transmitted light pulses allows the acoustic wavefronts inside the transparent fibre to be continuously monitored.We thereby probe acoustic focusing in the time domain resulting from generation at the curved fibre surface.An analytical model,supported by three-dimensional simulations,suggests that we have followed the focusing of the acoustic beam down to a~150-nm diameter waist inside the fibre.This work significantly narrows the lateral resolution for focusing of picosecond acoustic pulses,normally limited by the diffraction limit of focused optical pulses to~1μm,and thereby opens up a new range of possibilities including nanoscale acoustic microscopy and nanoscale computed tomography.

Effects of meteorological conditions and topography on the bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements by native lichen(Xanthoria parietina)

The bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements in the indigenous lichens Xanthoria parietina was monitored during two years at a quarterly frequency,in 3 sites of contrasted anthropic influence.The impact of the meteorological factors(temperature,relative humidity,rainfall,wind speed)was first estimated through principal component analysis,and then by stepwise multilinear regressions to include wind directions.The pollutants levels reflected the proximity of atmospheric emissions,in particular from a large industrial harbor.High humidity and mild temperatures,and in a lower extent low wind speed and rainfall,also favored higher concentration levels.The contributions of these meteorological aspects became minor when including wind direction,especially when approaching major emission sources.The bioaccumulation integration time towards meteorological variations was on a seasonal basis(1–2 months)but the wind direction and thus local emissions also relied on a longer time scale(12 months).This showed that the contribution of meteorological conditions may be prevalent in remote places,while secondary in polluted areas,and should be definitely taken into account regarding long-term lichen biomonitoring and inter-annual comparisons.In the same time,a quadruple sampling in each site revealed a high homogeneity among supporting tree species and topography.The resulting uncertainty,including sampling,preparation and analysis was below 30%when comfortable analytical conditions were achieved.Finally,the occurrence of unexpected events such as a major forest fire,permitted to evaluate that this type of short,although intense,events did not have a strong influence on PAH and metals bioaccumulation by lichen.

Implications of carbon catabolite repression for plant–microbe interactions

Carbon catabolite repression(CCR)plays a key role in many physiological and adaptive responses in a broad range of microorganisms that are commonly associated with eukaryotic hosts.When a mixture of different carbon sources is available,CCR,a global regulatory mechanism,inhibits the expression and activity of cellular processes associated with utilization of secondary carbon sources in the presence of the preferred carbon source.CCR is known to be executed by completely different mechanisms in different bacteria,yeast,and fungi.In addition to regulating catabolic genes,CCR also appears to play a key role in the expression of genes involved in plant–microbe interactions.Here,we present a detailed overview of CCR mechanisms in various bacteria.We highlight the role of CCR in beneficial as well as deleterious plant–microbe interactions based on the available literature.In addition,we explore the global distribution of known regulatory mechanisms within bacterial genomes retrieved from public repositories and within metatranscriptomes obtained from different plant rhizospheres.By integrating the available literature and performing targeted meta-analyses,we argue that CCR-regulated substrate use preferences of microorganisms should be considered an important trait involved in prevailing plant–microbe interactions.

Non-glide effects and dislocation core fields in BCC metals

A hallmark of low-temperature plasticity in body-centered cubic(BCC)metals is its departure from Schmid’s law.One aspect is that non-glide stresses,which do not produce any driving force on the dislocations,may affect the yield stress.We show here that this effect is due to a variation of the relaxation volume of the 1/2<111>screw dislocations during glide.We predict quantitatively nonglide effects by modeling the dislocation core as an Eshelby inclusion,which couples elastically to the applied stress.This model explains the physical origin of the generalized yield criterion classically used to include non-Schmid effects in constitutive models of BCC plasticity.We use first-principles calculations to properly account for dislocation cores and use tungsten as a reference BCC metal.However,the methodology developed here applies to other BCC metals,other energy models and other solids showing nonglide effects.

The scaffold protein menin is essential for activating the MYC locus and MYC-mediated androgen receptor transcription in androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer cells

Dear Editor,The proto-oncogene MYC has a well-documented role in driving androgen receptor(AR)oncogenic functions in prostate cancer(PCa cells)[1]and was recently reported as a key activator in the regulation of AR transcription[2].Dissecting the mechanisms underlying MYC-mediated AR regulation may be crucial for better understanding PCa development and improving its management.We recently demonstrated that menin,encoded by the MEN1 gene,plays an oncosuppressive role in the generation of ARlow/CD44+microinvasive prostate adenocarcinoma in mice but exerts oncogenic effects specifically in ARdependent human PCa cells,both likely by modulating AR transcription and AR targets[3].We herein wondered whether this oncogenic function of menin would occur through its interaction with other factors known to play a crucial role forAR transcription in PCa,in particular,MYC.