一种求解带有阻塞限制的混合流水车间的禁忌搜索算法

针对带有阻塞限制的混合流水车间调度问题,提出一种禁忌搜索算法和优先级规则相结合的方法.开发了启发式调度算法求出问题初始解,应用禁忌搜索算法对工件在第一级的排序进行优化,采用优先级规则进行其他级工件的排序.实验结果表明,该方法大大缩减了搜索空间,能够较好地解决此类调度问题.

Numerical analysis of slope collapse using SPH and the SIMSAND critical state model

Geological disasters such as slope failure and landslides can cause loss of life and property.Therefore,reproducing their evolution process is of great importance for risk assessment and mitigation.The recently developed SIMSAND critical state sand model combined with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method is adopted in this work to study slope failure under large deformations.To illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the SIMSAND-SPH approach,a series of slope collapse studies using the discrete element method(DEM)considering various particle shapes(i.e.spherical,tetrahedral and elongated)is adopted as benchmarks.The parameters of the SIMSAND model are calibrated using DEM triaxial tests.In comparison to the DEM simulations,the runout distance and final slope height are well characterized with the SIMSAND-SPH approach with less computational cost.All comparisons show that the SIMSAND-SPH approach is highly efficient and accurate,which can be an alternative numerical tool to simulate real scale granular flow.

Characterization of two rat models of cystic fibrosis—KO and F508del CFTR—Generated by Crispr-Cas9

Background: Genetically engineered animals are essential for gaining a proper understanding of the disease mechanisms of cystic fibrosis(CF). The rat is a relevant laboratory model for CF because of its zootechnical capacity, size, and airway characteristics, including the presence of submucosal glands.Methods: We describe the generation of a CF rat model(F508 del) homozygous for the p.Phe508 del mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator(Cftr) gene. This model was compared to new Cftr-/-rats(CFTR KO). Target organs in CF were examined by histological staining of tissue sections and tooth enamel was quantified by micro-computed tomography. The activity of CFTR was evaluated by nasal potential difference(NPD) and short-circuit current measurements. The effect of VX-809 and VX-770 was analyzed on nasal epithelial primary cell cultures from F508 del rats.Results: Both newborn F508 del and Knock out(KO) animals developed intestinal obstruction that could be partly compensated by special diet combined with an osmotic laxative. The two rat models exhibited CF phenotypic anomalies such as vas deferens agenesis and tooth enamel defects. Histology of the intestine, pancreas, liver, and lungs was normal. Absence of CFTR function in KO rats was confirmed ex vivo by short-circuit current measurements on colon mucosae and in vivo by NPD, whereas residual CFTR activity was observed in F508 del rats. Exposure of F508 del CFTR nasal primary cultures to a combination of VX-809 and VX-770 improved CFTR-mediated Cl-transport.Conclusions: The F508 del rats reproduce the phenotypes observed in CFTR KO animals and represent a novel resource to advance the development of CF therapeutics.

Morphology and possible origins of the Perm anomaly in the lowermost mantle of Earth

We have constrained a small-scale,dome-shaped low-velocity structure near the core-mantle boundary(CMB)of Earth beneath Perm(the Perm anomaly)using travel-time analysis and three-dimensional(3-D)forward waveform modeling of seismic data sampling of the mantle.The best-fitting dome-shaped model centers at 60.0°E,50.5°N,and has a height of 400 km and a radius that increases from 200 km at the top to 450 km at the CMB.Its velocity reduction varies from 0%at the top to–3.0%at 240km above the CMB to–3.5%at the CMB.A surrounding 240-km-thick high-velocity D''structure has also been detected.The Perm anomaly may represent a stable smallscale chemical pile in the lowermost mantle,although the hypothesis of a developing mantle plume cannot be ruled out.

Natural Rubber-Based Ionogels

Natural rubber(NR),besides being an abundant renewable resource for the elastomer industry,can be a potential resource for the design of innovative biobased polymer networks.The present work is based on“telechelic”liquid natural rubber oligomers obtained by controlled chemical degradation of NR.The chain ends of such oligomers can then be functionalized(with acrylate functions in the present case)and reacted with multifunctional crosslinkers in order to form networks.What’s more,the initial solubility of such thermosetting system in an ionic liquid(IL)can be used for the formulation of ionogels.Such solid networks typically containing 80%of IL were produced,resulting in high ionic conductivity performances.The oligomer chain length was shown to affect IL fragility due to confinement and specific interactions of ions with the host polymer network.

Dispersal syndrome and landscape fragmentation in the salt-marsh specialist spider Erigone longipalpis

Dispersal and its evolution play a key role for population persistence in fragmented landscapes where habitat loss and fragmentation increase the cost of between-habitat movements.In such contexts,it is important to know how variation in dispersal and other traits is structured,and whether responses to landscape fragmentation are aligned with underlying dispersal-trait correlations,or dispersal syndromes.We,therefore,studied trait variation in Erigone longipalpis,a European spider species specialist of(often patchy)salt marshes.We collected spiders in two salt-marsh landscapes differing in habitat availability.We then reared lab-born spiders for two generations in controlled conditions,and measured dispersal and its association with various key traits.Erigone longipalpis population densities were lower in the more fragmented landscape.Despite this,we found no evidence of differences in dispersal,or any other trait we studied,between the two landscapes.While a dispersal syndrome was present at the among-individual level(dispersers were more fecund and faster growing,among others),there was no indication it was genetically driven:among-family differences in dispersal were not correlated with differences in other traits.Instead,we showed that the observed phenotypic covariations were mostly due to within-family correlations.We hypothesize that the dispersal syndrome is the result of asymmetric food access among siblings,leading to variation in development rates and carrying over to adult traits.Our results show we need to better understand the sources of dispersal variation and syndromes,especially when dispersal may evolve rapidly in response to environmental change.

Investigation of the tetraquark states QqQq in the improved chromomagnetic interaction model

In the framework of the improved chromomagnetic interaction model,we complete a systematic study of the S-wave tetraquark states QqQq(Q=c,b,and q=u,d,s)with different quantum numbers:J^(PC)=0^(+(+)),1^(+(±)),and 2^(+(+)).The mass spectra of tetraquark states are predicted,and the possible decay channels are analyzed by considering both the angular momentum and C-parity conservation.The recently observed hidden-charm tetraquark states with strangeness,such as Z_(cs)(3985)^(-),X(3960),and Z_(cs)(4220)^(+),can be well explained in our model.Additionally,according to the wave function of each tetraquark state,we find that the low-lying states of each QqQq configuration have a large overlap to the QQ and qq meson basis,instead of the Qq and qQ meson basis.This indicates that one can search these tetraquark states in future experiments via the channel of QQ and qq mesons.

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p→νK^(+)searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.

Vapor dealloying of ultra-thin films: a promising concept for the fabrication of highly flexible transparent conductive metal nanomesh electrodes

The booming market of flexible electronic displays has urged the development of highly flexible transparent conductive electrodes(FTCE)1–3 with the ability to replace indium tin oxide(ITO)thin films routinely used as transparent conductive electrodes in photoelectronic devices.The high cost of indium and the poor mechanical stability of ITO under deformation are the main driving forces behind the development of this research area.4 The use of metal nanomeshes as FTCE is a promising concept with a real potential to substitute ITO in photoelectronic devices.5,6 However,the development of a low-cost fabrication approach allowing producing metal nanomesh electrodes with competitive prices and a high performance remains a real bottleneck for the photoelectronic industry.In this paper,we report on a robust approach very easy to implement allowing producing highly flexible metal nanomesh electrodes with high performance at a very low cost.This approach lies on a concept consisting in applying dealloying process to ultra-thin Au-Cu alloy thin films using acidic vapors instead of a liquid phase as routinely done in the literature.Using an appropriate procedure,the nanomeshes can be transferred to any planar or curved support where they can serve as a FTCE.As a proof of concept,we demonstrate that using this approach,one can easily fabricate gold nanomesh electrodes transferred onto polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film surface with 79%of transmittance and a sheet resistance as low as 44Ω□^(−1) while maintaining exceptional stability under severe mechanical deformations.

Drug resistance in glioblastoma:are persisters the key to therapy

Glioblastoma(GBM)represents the main form of brain tumors in adults,and one of the most aggressive cancers overall.The treatment of GBM is a combination of surgery(when possible),chemotherapy(usually Temozolomide,TMZ)and radiotherapy(RT).However,despite this heavy treatment,GBM invariably recur and the median length of survival following diagnosis is 12 to 15 months,with less than 10%of people surviving longer than five years.GBM is extremely resistant to most treatments because of its heterogeneous nature,which is associated with extreme clonal plasticity and the presence of cancer stem cells,refractory to TMZ-and RT-induced cell death.In this review,we explore the mechanisms by which cancer cells,and especially GBM,can acquire resistance to treatment.We describe and discuss the concept of persister/tolerant cells that precede and/or accompany the acquisition of resistance.Persister/tolerant cells are cancer cells that are not eliminated by treatment(s)because of different mechanisms ranging from dormancy/quiescence to senescence.We discuss the possibility of targeting these mechanisms in new therapeutic regimen.

Exosomal lncRNAs: the newest promising liquid biopsy

LncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length that have no or limited protein-coding potential.Basal expression of lncRNAs appeared important for various homeostatic processes,like gene imprinting cell differentiation and organogenesis.Moreover,it has been demonstrated that lncRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis.Some lncRNAs were stably detected in exosomes,which are widely found in body fluids.Several studies validated the use of exosomal lncRNAs as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers in several types of cancers.In addition,exosomal lncRNAs have been associated with drug resistance of tumor cells,suggesting a clinical application in cancer-targeted therapy.Despite the recent increase of studies on exosomal lncRNAs,their clinical significance in cancer diagnosis,prognosis and treatment needs to be fully explored.The methodologies for their detection with high purity and accuracy must be also improved in order to implement their use in clinical routine.This review aims to summarize the main recent technologies available for the isolation of exosomal lncRNAs,their status as a liquid biopsy as well as their future perspectives.

Proteomics reveals differential adsorption of angiogenic platelet lysate proteins on calcium phosphate bone substitute materials

Protein adsorption on biomaterials for bone substitution,such as calcium phosphates(CaP),evokes biological responses and shapes the interactions of biomaterials with the surrounding biological environment.Proteins adsorb when CaP materials are combined with growth factor-rich hemoderivatives prior to implantation to achieve enhanced angiogenesis and stimulate new bone formation.However,the identification of the adsorbed proteins and their angiogenic effect on bone homeostasis remain incompletely investigated.In this study,we analyzed the adsorbed complex protein composition on CaP surfaces when using the hemoderivatives plasma,platelet lysate in plasma(PL),and washed platelet lysate proteins(wPL).We detected highly abundant,non-regenerative proteins and anti-angiogenic proteins adsorbed on CaP surfaces after incubation with PL and wPL by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry(LC–MS)proteomics.Additionally,we measured a decreased amount of adsorbed pro-angiogenic growth factors.Tube formation assays with human umbilical endothelial cells demonstrated that the CaP surfaces only stimulate an angiogenic response when kept in the hemoderivative medium but not after washing with PBS.Our results highlight the necessity to correlate biomaterial surfaces with complex adsorbed protein compositions to tailor the biomaterial surface toward an enrichment of pro-angiogenic factors.

A Free Streaming Contact Preserving Scheme for the M_(1) Model

The present work concerns the numerical approximation of the M_(1) model for radiative transfer.The main purpose is to introduce an accurate finite volume method according to the nonlinear system of conservation laws that governs this model.We propose to derive an HLLC method which preserves the stationary contact waves.To supplement this essential property,the method is proved to be robust and to preserve the physical admissible states.Next,a relevant asymptotic preserving correction is proposed in order to obtain a method which is able to deal with all the physical regimes.The relevance of the numerical procedure is exhibited thanks to numerical simulations of physical interest.

Global-in-Time L^(p)-L^(q) Estimates for Solutions of the Kramers-Fokker-Planck Equation

In this work,we prove an optimal global-in-time L^(p)-L^(q) estimate for solutions to the Kramers-Fokker-Planck equation with short range potential in dimension three.Our result shows that the decay rate as t-→+∞ is the same as the heat equation in x-variables and the divergence rate as t→O_(+) is related to the sub-ellipticity with loss of one third derivatives of the Kramers-Fokker-Planck operator.

A Phelipanche ramosa KAI2 protein perceives strigolactones and isothiocyanates enzymatically

Phelipanche ramosa is an obligate root-parasitic weed that threatens major crops in central Europe.In order to germinate,it must perceive various structurally divergent host-exuded signals,including isothiocyanates(ITCs)and strigolactones(SLs).However,the receptors involved are still uncharacterized.Here,we identify five putative SL receptors in P.ramosa and show that PrKAI2d3 is involved in the stimulation of seed germination.We demonstrate the high plasticity of PrKAI2d3,which allows it to interact with different chemicals,including ITCs.The SL perception mechanism of PrKAI2d3 is similar to that of endogenous SLs in non-parasitic plants.We provide evidence that PrKAI2d3 enzymatic activity confers hypersensitivity to SLs.Additionally,we demonstrate that methylbutenolide-OH binds PrKAI2d3 and stimulates P.ramosa germination with bioactivity comparable to that of ITCs.This study demonstrates that P.ramosa has extended its signal perception system during evolution,a fact that should be considered for the development of specific and efficient biocontrol methods.

Feasibility and physics potential of detecting ^(8)B solar neutrinos at JUNO

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector.Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for^8B solar neutrino measurements,such as its low-energy threshold,high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors,and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors.In this paper,we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting^8B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process.A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable,assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background^(238)U and^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10^(-17)g/g.With ten years of data acquisition,approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected.This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter,which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework.IfDelta m^(2)_(21)=4.8times10^(-5);(7.5times10^(-5))eV^(2),JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approximately the 3sigma(2sigma)level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle.Moreover,JUNO can simultaneously measureDelta m^2_(21)using^8B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better,depending on the central value,and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos.A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of Delta m^2_(21)reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.