Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scal...Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scale hydrogen production.In SOEC technology,the application of innovative fabrication tech-niques,doping strategies,and advanced materials has enhanced the performance and durability of these systems,although degradation challenges persist,implicating the prime focus for future advancements.Here we provide in-depth analysis of the recent developments in SOEC technology,including Oxygen-SOECs,Proton-SOECs,and Hybrid-SOECs.Specifically,Hybrid-SOECs,with their mixed ionic conducting electrolytes,demonstrate superior efficiency and the concurrent production of hydrogen and oxygen.Coupled with the capacity to harness waste heat,these advancements in SOEC technology present signif-icant promise for pilot-scale applications in industries.The review also highlights remarkable achieve-ments and potential reductions in capital expenditure for future SOEC systems,while elaborating on the micro and macro aspects of sOECs with an emphasis on ongoing research for optimization and scal-ability.It concludes with the potential of SOEC technology to meet various industrial energy needs and its significant contribution considering the key research priorities to tackle the global energy demands,ful-fillment,and decarbonization efforts.展开更多
Marine protein hydrolysates and peptides have grown in popularity due to their biological activities and robust properties.They are increasingly studied in the functional food,pharmaceutical,and cosmeceutical sectors....Marine protein hydrolysates and peptides have grown in popularity due to their biological activities and robust properties.They are increasingly studied in the functional food,pharmaceutical,and cosmeceutical sectors.This article discusses the current knowledge about preparing protein hydrolysates and peptides from seaweed,seafood,and seafood processing byproducts.Gaps in knowledge and technical expertise required for their industrial integration have been identified.The desire for natural substances to use as functional food has gained prevalence as consumers have become more aware of the adverse side effects of synthetic drugs.Aging-related chronic diseases,including cancer,arteriosclerosis,and diabetes,can be prevented by actively introducing food-based functional ingredients.Marine-derived proteins and peptides still face several hurdles to commercialization,such as scaling up production and maintaining a sustainable supply of raw materials.Further understanding of the physiological functionalities,action mechanisms,and clinical efficacy of these peptides and proteins would facilitate their use in biomedical applications and as functional ingredients in food and cosmetics.展开更多
The simulation of hydrogen purification in a mixture gas of hydrogen/carbon dioxide (H2/CO2) by metal hydride system was reported.The lumped parameter model was developed and validated.The validated model was implemen...The simulation of hydrogen purification in a mixture gas of hydrogen/carbon dioxide (H2/CO2) by metal hydride system was reported.The lumped parameter model was developed and validated.The validated model was implemented on the software Matlab/Simulink to simulate the present investigation.The simulation results demonstrate that the purification efficiency depends on the external pressure and the venting time.An increase in the external pressure and enough venting time makes it possible to effectively remove the impurities from the tank during the venting process and allows to desorb pure hydrogen.The impurities are partially removed from the tank for low external pressure and venting time during the venting process and the desorbed hydrogen is contaminated.Other parameters such as the overall heat transfer coefficient,solid material mass,supply pressure,and the ambient temperature influence the purification system in terms of the hydrogen recovery rate.An increase in the overall heat transfer coefficient,solid material mass,and supply pressure improves the hydrogen recovery rate while a decrease in the ambient temperature enhances the recovery rate.展开更多
Background:The S100A10 protein might be an early biomarker of diabetes development leading to diabetic retinopathy.The protein complex S100A10/annexin A2 allows the recruitment of the C-terminal of AHNAK protein(AHNAK...Background:The S100A10 protein might be an early biomarker of diabetes development leading to diabetic retinopathy.The protein complex S100A10/annexin A2 allows the recruitment of the C-terminal of AHNAK protein(AHNAK C-ter peptide)to the membrane in presence of calcium,before forming a platform which can initiate membrane repair.However,no molecular data are currently available on membrane binding of the different proteins involved in this complex.We aim to study the membrane binding of S100A10,AHNAK C-ter peptide and their complex to better understand their roles in cell membrane repair process.Methods:Firstly,S100A10 will be overexpressed and purified by affinity chromatography and AHNAK C-ter peptide will be synthesized.Langmuir monolayers membrane model will then be used to characterize the interactions between these proteins and different phospholipids found in membranes.The secondary structure,orientation and membrane organization of these proteins will be studied by Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy.Their lateral localization will be determined through the influence of these proteins on the physical state of lipids by fluorescence microscopy.Results:The optimization of the overexpression,purification and cleavage of the GST tag procedure to obtain pure S100A10 was completed.Protein identification by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism stability pre-studies were performed.In parallel,AHNAK C-ter peptide was studied by Langmuir monolayer model and the results indicate this peptide prefers lipids with negatively charged polar heads and unsaturated acyl chains.Preliminary solid-state NMR results confirm this phenomenon at 37℃.Conclusions:Our research will complete current knowledge on membrane binding of S100A10 and AHNAK C-ter peptide.We could also identify the conditions leading to modifications of these membrane bindings,and possibly to the loss of protein function.Thus,this project helps to better determine their roles in membrane repair,as well as in other physiological mechanisms in which these proteins are involved.展开更多
A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ferocity.SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;howev...A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ferocity.SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization.Therefore,the develop-ment of novel potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently required.Numerous naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse disorders.The intricate infection and replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 offers diverse therapeutic drug targets for developing antiviral medicines by employing natural products that are safer than synthetic compounds.Marine natural products(MNPs)have received increased attention in the development of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and availability.Therefore,this review article investigates the infection and replication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and structure.Furthermore,we highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic intervention efforts utilizing MNPs and predicted SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor design.展开更多
Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides,but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation...Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides,but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of this group of materials.Severe plastic deformation(SPD)methods,such as equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP),high-pressure torsion(HPT),intensive rolling,and fast forging,have been widely used to enhance the activation,air resistance,and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by introducing ultrafine/nanoscale grains and crystal lattice defects.These severely deformed materials,particularly in the presence of alloying additives or second-phase nanoparticles,can show not only fast hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics but also good cycling stability.It was shown that some materials that are apparently inert to hydrogen can absorb hydrogen after SPD processing.Moreover,the SPD methods were effectively used for hydrogen binding-energy engineering and synthesizing new magnesium alloys with low thermodynamic stability for reversible low/room-temperature hydrogen storage,such as nanoglasses,high-entropy alloys,and metastable phases including the high-pressureγ-MgH2 polymorph.This work reviews recent advances in the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by SPD processing and discusses their potential in future applications.展开更多
Aircraft emissions contribute to global climate change and regional air pollution near airports.Understanding the formation and the transformation of emissions in the aircraft engine is essential to properly quantify ...Aircraft emissions contribute to global climate change and regional air pollution near airports.Understanding the formation and the transformation of emissions in the aircraft engine is essential to properly quantify the environmental impact and air pollution.However,precise investigation of chemical process in the turbine is challenging because of the complexity of the transformation process in the complex flow relating to the moving blade at high temperature and high pressure.We present here,the first published model study of 3D chemical formations inside a high-pressure turbine and first time to compare three numerical solutions(1D,2D and 3D calculations)of transformation of trace species inside an aircraft engine.The model has simulated the evolution of principal precursor pollutant gases(NOx and SOx)and other species(hydrogen,oxygen species and carbon oxides).Our results also indicated strong dissimilarities in chemical transformations of 3D calculations.In comparing the three solutions,the results obtained showed that the difference of mole fractions of species can be under predicted by 75%between 1D and 2D calculations and in the comparison of 2D and 3D calculation,the under predicted difference may be 90%.展开更多
The pressure swing adsorption(PSA)system is widely applied to separate and purify hydrogen from gaseous mixtures.The extended Langmuir equation fitted from the extended Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm has been used to pr...The pressure swing adsorption(PSA)system is widely applied to separate and purify hydrogen from gaseous mixtures.The extended Langmuir equation fitted from the extended Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm has been used to predict the adsorption isothermal of hydrogen and methane on the zeolite 5A adsorbent bed.A six-step two-bed PSA model for hydrogen purification is developed and validated by comparing its simulation results with other works.The effects of the adsorption pressure,the P/F ratio,the adsorption step time and the pressure equalization time on the performance of the hydrogen purification system are studied.A four-step two-bed PSA model is taken into consideration,and the six-step PSA system shows higher about 13%hydrogen recovery than the four-step PSA system.The performance of the vacuum pressure swing adsorption(VPSA)system is compared with that of the PSA system,the VPSA system shows higher hydrogen purity than the PSA system.Based on the validated PSA model,a dataset has been produced to train the artificial neural network(ANN)model.The effects of the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the number of samples used for training ANN model on the predicted performance of ANN model are investigated.Then,the well-trained ANN model with 6 neurons in the hidden layer is applied to predict the performance of the PSA system for hydrogen purification.Multi-objective optimization of hydrogen purification system is performed based on the trained ANN model.The artificial neural network can be considered as a very effective method for predicting and optimizing the performance of the PSA system for hydrogen purification.展开更多
Electronic and optical properties of materials are affected by atomic motion through the electron–phonon interaction:not only band gaps change with temperature,but even at absolute zero temperature,zero-point motion ...Electronic and optical properties of materials are affected by atomic motion through the electron–phonon interaction:not only band gaps change with temperature,but even at absolute zero temperature,zero-point motion causes band-gap renormalization.We present a large-scale first-principles evaluation of the zero-point renormalization of band edges beyond the adiabatic approximation.For materials with light elements,the band gap renormalization is often larger than 0.3 eV,and up to 0.7 eV.This effect cannot be ignored if accurate band gaps are sought.For infrared-active materials,global agreement with available experimental data is obtained only when non-adiabatic effects are taken into account.They even dominate zero-point renormalization for many materials,as shown by a generalized Fröhlich model that includes multiple phonon branches,anisotropic and degenerate electronic extrema,whose range of validity is established by comparison with first-principles results.展开更多
The Earth system is an integrated system that can be divided into six main subsystems:geosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,biosphere,and anthrosphere.These subsystems are interconnected through the flows of glo...The Earth system is an integrated system that can be divided into six main subsystems:geosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,biosphere,and anthrosphere.These subsystems are interconnected through the flows of global energy,water,and carbon,which are fundamental constituent cycles within the Earth system.To improve our predictive understanding of the subsystem on our changing planet,there is a need to better represent these subsystems through modelling and observations.The central role of these fundamental cycles has prompted scientific institutions or meteorological centers to develop digital platforms dedicated to the integration,modelling,and assimilation of Earth observation data,e.g.,Big Earth Data Science Engineering(Guo,Li,and Qiu 2020).展开更多
We show flexible bolometer devices produced entirely using digital inkjet printing on polymer substrates.The bolometers consist of a silver interdigital electrode thermistor covered with a methylammonium lead trihalid...We show flexible bolometer devices produced entirely using digital inkjet printing on polymer substrates.The bolometers consist of a silver interdigital electrode thermistor covered with a methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite absorber layer which shows good absorber characteristics at visible wavelengths.Both the standalone thermistor and the complete bolometer devices show polymer PTC thermistor-like behavior over a temperature range of 17 to 36℃,with a change in resistance up-to six orders of magnitude over this temperature range.The addition of the perovskite absorber to the thermistor structure provides the illumination-dependent behavior proper to bolometers.展开更多
Aims Studies that investigate the space-filling heterogeneity of biological struc-tures in plant communities remain scarce.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between newly developed phot...Aims Studies that investigate the space-filling heterogeneity of biological struc-tures in plant communities remain scarce.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between newly developed photo-graphic measures of structural heterogeneity in digital images and plant species composition in the context of a long-term grassland experiment.Methods We tested a close-range photographic protocol using measures of structural heterogeneity in gray-tone images,namely mean infor-mation gain(MIG)and spatial anisotropy,to assess differences in the compositional(species richness)and functional characteristics(plant height and flowering)of 78 managed grassland communities.We also implemented a random placement model of community assembly to explore the links between our measures of structural complexity and the geometric pattern of plant communities.Important Findings MIG and spatial anisotropy correlated with the growth and species richness of grassland communities.Simulations showed that struc-tural heterogeneity in gray-tone digital images is a function of the size distribution and orientation pattern of plant modules.This easy,fast and non-destructive methodological approach could eventually serve to monitor the diversity and integrity of various ecosystems at different resolutions across space and time.展开更多
基金the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Green Hydrogen Production,the Québec Ministere de I'Economie,de I'lnnovation et de I'Energie(MEIE)[Développement de catalyseurs et d'electrodes innovants,a faibles couts,performants et durables pour la production d'hydrogene vert,funding reference number 00393501]。
文摘Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scale hydrogen production.In SOEC technology,the application of innovative fabrication tech-niques,doping strategies,and advanced materials has enhanced the performance and durability of these systems,although degradation challenges persist,implicating the prime focus for future advancements.Here we provide in-depth analysis of the recent developments in SOEC technology,including Oxygen-SOECs,Proton-SOECs,and Hybrid-SOECs.Specifically,Hybrid-SOECs,with their mixed ionic conducting electrolytes,demonstrate superior efficiency and the concurrent production of hydrogen and oxygen.Coupled with the capacity to harness waste heat,these advancements in SOEC technology present signif-icant promise for pilot-scale applications in industries.The review also highlights remarkable achieve-ments and potential reductions in capital expenditure for future SOEC systems,while elaborating on the micro and macro aspects of sOECs with an emphasis on ongoing research for optimization and scal-ability.It concludes with the potential of SOEC technology to meet various industrial energy needs and its significant contribution considering the key research priorities to tackle the global energy demands,ful-fillment,and decarbonization efforts.
基金This research was funded by a grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada,grant number RGPIN201804680.
文摘Marine protein hydrolysates and peptides have grown in popularity due to their biological activities and robust properties.They are increasingly studied in the functional food,pharmaceutical,and cosmeceutical sectors.This article discusses the current knowledge about preparing protein hydrolysates and peptides from seaweed,seafood,and seafood processing byproducts.Gaps in knowledge and technical expertise required for their industrial integration have been identified.The desire for natural substances to use as functional food has gained prevalence as consumers have become more aware of the adverse side effects of synthetic drugs.Aging-related chronic diseases,including cancer,arteriosclerosis,and diabetes,can be prevented by actively introducing food-based functional ingredients.Marine-derived proteins and peptides still face several hurdles to commercialization,such as scaling up production and maintaining a sustainable supply of raw materials.Further understanding of the physiological functionalities,action mechanisms,and clinical efficacy of these peptides and proteins would facilitate their use in biomedical applications and as functional ingredients in food and cosmetics.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51476120)111 Project(No.B17034)the Innovative Research Team Development Program of Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT17R83)。
文摘The simulation of hydrogen purification in a mixture gas of hydrogen/carbon dioxide (H2/CO2) by metal hydride system was reported.The lumped parameter model was developed and validated.The validated model was implemented on the software Matlab/Simulink to simulate the present investigation.The simulation results demonstrate that the purification efficiency depends on the external pressure and the venting time.An increase in the external pressure and enough venting time makes it possible to effectively remove the impurities from the tank during the venting process and allows to desorb pure hydrogen.The impurities are partially removed from the tank for low external pressure and venting time during the venting process and the desorbed hydrogen is contaminated.Other parameters such as the overall heat transfer coefficient,solid material mass,supply pressure,and the ambient temperature influence the purification system in terms of the hydrogen recovery rate.An increase in the overall heat transfer coefficient,solid material mass,and supply pressure improves the hydrogen recovery rate while a decrease in the ambient temperature enhances the recovery rate.
文摘Background:The S100A10 protein might be an early biomarker of diabetes development leading to diabetic retinopathy.The protein complex S100A10/annexin A2 allows the recruitment of the C-terminal of AHNAK protein(AHNAK C-ter peptide)to the membrane in presence of calcium,before forming a platform which can initiate membrane repair.However,no molecular data are currently available on membrane binding of the different proteins involved in this complex.We aim to study the membrane binding of S100A10,AHNAK C-ter peptide and their complex to better understand their roles in cell membrane repair process.Methods:Firstly,S100A10 will be overexpressed and purified by affinity chromatography and AHNAK C-ter peptide will be synthesized.Langmuir monolayers membrane model will then be used to characterize the interactions between these proteins and different phospholipids found in membranes.The secondary structure,orientation and membrane organization of these proteins will be studied by Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy.Their lateral localization will be determined through the influence of these proteins on the physical state of lipids by fluorescence microscopy.Results:The optimization of the overexpression,purification and cleavage of the GST tag procedure to obtain pure S100A10 was completed.Protein identification by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism stability pre-studies were performed.In parallel,AHNAK C-ter peptide was studied by Langmuir monolayer model and the results indicate this peptide prefers lipids with negatively charged polar heads and unsaturated acyl chains.Preliminary solid-state NMR results confirm this phenomenon at 37℃.Conclusions:Our research will complete current knowledge on membrane binding of S100A10 and AHNAK C-ter peptide.We could also identify the conditions leading to modifications of these membrane bindings,and possibly to the loss of protein function.Thus,this project helps to better determine their roles in membrane repair,as well as in other physiological mechanisms in which these proteins are involved.
基金part of the project“Develop-ment of functional food products with natural materials derived from marine resources(no.20170285)”,funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,Korea.
文摘A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ferocity.SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization.Therefore,the develop-ment of novel potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently required.Numerous naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse disorders.The intricate infection and replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 offers diverse therapeutic drug targets for developing antiviral medicines by employing natural products that are safer than synthetic compounds.Marine natural products(MNPs)have received increased attention in the development of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and availability.Therefore,this review article investigates the infection and replication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and structure.Furthermore,we highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic intervention efforts utilizing MNPs and predicted SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor design.
基金supported in part by the Light Metals Educational Foundation of Japan,and in part by the MEXT,Japan through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas(Nos.JP19H05176&JP21H00150)the Challenging Research Exploratory(Grant No.JP22K18737)+6 种基金W.J.Botta is grateful to the Brazilian agencies FAPESP(Grant No.2013/05987-8)CNPq(Grant Nos.421181-2018-4 and 307397-2019-0)the financial support and to the Laboratory of Structural Characterization(LCE-DEMa-UFSCar)for general electron microscopy facilities.R.Floriano thanks for the financial support from FAPESP(Grant No.2022/01351-0)support from the French State through the ANR-21-CE08-0034-01 project as well as the program“Investment in the future”operated by the National Research Agency(ANR)referenced under No.ANR-11-LABX-0008-01(Labex DAMAS)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52171205)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071157).
文摘Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides,but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of this group of materials.Severe plastic deformation(SPD)methods,such as equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP),high-pressure torsion(HPT),intensive rolling,and fast forging,have been widely used to enhance the activation,air resistance,and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by introducing ultrafine/nanoscale grains and crystal lattice defects.These severely deformed materials,particularly in the presence of alloying additives or second-phase nanoparticles,can show not only fast hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics but also good cycling stability.It was shown that some materials that are apparently inert to hydrogen can absorb hydrogen after SPD processing.Moreover,the SPD methods were effectively used for hydrogen binding-energy engineering and synthesizing new magnesium alloys with low thermodynamic stability for reversible low/room-temperature hydrogen storage,such as nanoglasses,high-entropy alloys,and metastable phases including the high-pressureγ-MgH2 polymorph.This work reviews recent advances in the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by SPD processing and discusses their potential in future applications.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada.
文摘Aircraft emissions contribute to global climate change and regional air pollution near airports.Understanding the formation and the transformation of emissions in the aircraft engine is essential to properly quantify the environmental impact and air pollution.However,precise investigation of chemical process in the turbine is challenging because of the complexity of the transformation process in the complex flow relating to the moving blade at high temperature and high pressure.We present here,the first published model study of 3D chemical formations inside a high-pressure turbine and first time to compare three numerical solutions(1D,2D and 3D calculations)of transformation of trace species inside an aircraft engine.The model has simulated the evolution of principal precursor pollutant gases(NOx and SOx)and other species(hydrogen,oxygen species and carbon oxides).Our results also indicated strong dissimilarities in chemical transformations of 3D calculations.In comparing the three solutions,the results obtained showed that the difference of mole fractions of species can be under predicted by 75%between 1D and 2D calculations and in the comparison of 2D and 3D calculation,the under predicted difference may be 90%.
基金We wish to thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the project No.51476120from the Nat-ural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province for the project No.2020-CSLH-43+1 种基金Mr.Liang Tong also thanks the support from the China Schol-arship Council(CSC)and the Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies(FRQNT)for the PBEEE fellowship(No.203790)Yi Zong also thanks to the International Network Programmne supported by the Danish Agency for Higher Education and Science(No.8073-00026B)for the project PRESS-Proactive Energy Management Systems for Power-to-Heat and Power-to-Gas Solutions.We also appreciate Dr.Feng Ye for his assistance on artificial neural network programming.
文摘The pressure swing adsorption(PSA)system is widely applied to separate and purify hydrogen from gaseous mixtures.The extended Langmuir equation fitted from the extended Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm has been used to predict the adsorption isothermal of hydrogen and methane on the zeolite 5A adsorbent bed.A six-step two-bed PSA model for hydrogen purification is developed and validated by comparing its simulation results with other works.The effects of the adsorption pressure,the P/F ratio,the adsorption step time and the pressure equalization time on the performance of the hydrogen purification system are studied.A four-step two-bed PSA model is taken into consideration,and the six-step PSA system shows higher about 13%hydrogen recovery than the four-step PSA system.The performance of the vacuum pressure swing adsorption(VPSA)system is compared with that of the PSA system,the VPSA system shows higher hydrogen purity than the PSA system.Based on the validated PSA model,a dataset has been produced to train the artificial neural network(ANN)model.The effects of the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the number of samples used for training ANN model on the predicted performance of ANN model are investigated.Then,the well-trained ANN model with 6 neurons in the hidden layer is applied to predict the performance of the PSA system for hydrogen purification.Multi-objective optimization of hydrogen purification system is performed based on the trained ANN model.The artificial neural network can be considered as a very effective method for predicting and optimizing the performance of the PSA system for hydrogen purification.
基金This work has been supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique(FRS-FNRS Belgium)through the PdR Grant No.T.0238.13-AIXPHOthe PdR Grant No.T.0103.19-ALPS+7 种基金the Fonds de Recherche du Québec Nature et Technologie(FRQ-NT)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)under grants RGPIN-2016-06666Computational resources have been provided by the supercomputing facilities of the Universitécatholique de Louvain(CISM/UCL)the Consortium des Equipements de Calcul Intensif en Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles(CECI)funded by the FRS-FNRS under Grant No.2.5020.11the Tier-1 supercomputer of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles,infrastructure funded by the Walloon Region under the grant agreement No.1117545as well as the Canadian Foundation for Innovation,the Ministère de l’Éducation des Loisirs et du Sport(Québec),Calcul Québec,and Compute Canada.This work was supported by the Center for Computational Study of Excited-State Phenomena in Energy Materials(C2SEPEM)at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,which is funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences,Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231as part of the Computational Materials Sciences Program(advanced algorithms/codes)and by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-1926004(basic theory and formalism)This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center(NERSC),a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘Electronic and optical properties of materials are affected by atomic motion through the electron–phonon interaction:not only band gaps change with temperature,but even at absolute zero temperature,zero-point motion causes band-gap renormalization.We present a large-scale first-principles evaluation of the zero-point renormalization of band edges beyond the adiabatic approximation.For materials with light elements,the band gap renormalization is often larger than 0.3 eV,and up to 0.7 eV.This effect cannot be ignored if accurate band gaps are sought.For infrared-active materials,global agreement with available experimental data is obtained only when non-adiabatic effects are taken into account.They even dominate zero-point renormalization for many materials,as shown by a generalized Fröhlich model that includes multiple phonon branches,anisotropic and degenerate electronic extrema,whose range of validity is established by comparison with first-principles results.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Programme(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.42090014)。
文摘The Earth system is an integrated system that can be divided into six main subsystems:geosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,biosphere,and anthrosphere.These subsystems are interconnected through the flows of global energy,water,and carbon,which are fundamental constituent cycles within the Earth system.To improve our predictive understanding of the subsystem on our changing planet,there is a need to better represent these subsystems through modelling and observations.The central role of these fundamental cycles has prompted scientific institutions or meteorological centers to develop digital platforms dedicated to the integration,modelling,and assimilation of Earth observation data,e.g.,Big Earth Data Science Engineering(Guo,Li,and Qiu 2020).
文摘We show flexible bolometer devices produced entirely using digital inkjet printing on polymer substrates.The bolometers consist of a silver interdigital electrode thermistor covered with a methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite absorber layer which shows good absorber characteristics at visible wavelengths.Both the standalone thermistor and the complete bolometer devices show polymer PTC thermistor-like behavior over a temperature range of 17 to 36℃,with a change in resistance up-to six orders of magnitude over this temperature range.The addition of the perovskite absorber to the thermistor structure provides the illumination-dependent behavior proper to bolometers.
基金German Research Foundation(FOR 456)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(R.P.).
文摘Aims Studies that investigate the space-filling heterogeneity of biological struc-tures in plant communities remain scarce.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between newly developed photo-graphic measures of structural heterogeneity in digital images and plant species composition in the context of a long-term grassland experiment.Methods We tested a close-range photographic protocol using measures of structural heterogeneity in gray-tone images,namely mean infor-mation gain(MIG)and spatial anisotropy,to assess differences in the compositional(species richness)and functional characteristics(plant height and flowering)of 78 managed grassland communities.We also implemented a random placement model of community assembly to explore the links between our measures of structural complexity and the geometric pattern of plant communities.Important Findings MIG and spatial anisotropy correlated with the growth and species richness of grassland communities.Simulations showed that struc-tural heterogeneity in gray-tone digital images is a function of the size distribution and orientation pattern of plant modules.This easy,fast and non-destructive methodological approach could eventually serve to monitor the diversity and integrity of various ecosystems at different resolutions across space and time.