PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of full-thickness macular holes in the elderly Chinese population. DESIGN: Population-based,cross-sectional cohort study. METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study included 4439 subjects out ...PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of full-thickness macular holes in the elderly Chinese population. DESIGN: Population-based,cross-sectional cohort study. METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4% ) aged 40 years or older. The present investigation consisted of 8653 (97.9% ) eyes of 4346 subjects for whom readable fundus photographs were available. RESULTS: Full-thickness macular holes were found in eight (0.092% ) eyes of seven (0.16% )-patients (six women). Prevalence was 0.09± 3.04% 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03,0.16% . CONCLUSIONS: Fullthickness macular holes may be present in approximately 1.6 out of 1000 elderly Chinese in Northern China. Calculated for the entire population in China,the figure would be approximately 750,000 patients with unilateral full-thickness macular holes 650,000 (95% CI: 217,000 to 1,156,000) or bilateral full-thickness macular holes 100,000 (95% CI: 33,000 to 178,000).展开更多
PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of blindness and low vision in Northern China. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study included 4438 subjects with an age of 40+ years...PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of blindness and low vision in Northern China. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study included 4438 subjects with an age of 40+ years. Mean age was 56.2± 10.6 years (range,40 to 101 years). RESULTS: Fortythree (1.0% ) individuals had low vision (< 20/60 and ≥ 20/400 best-corrected vision),and 17 (0.4% ) individuals were blind (best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye < 20/400). Low vision/blindness were significantly associated with age (P < .001),myopic refractive error (P < .001),and level of educational background (P=.035). It was not associated with gender (P=.76) and rural vs urban area (P=.88). CONCLUSIONS: Blindness or low vision affects approximately one in 100 Chinese older than 40 years. An estimated 4.1 million Chinese older than 40 years have low vision,and an estimated 1.6 million Chinese older than 40 years are blind.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of preoperative sensory testing on postoperative diplopia and to evaluate the dose-effect relations of medial rectus muscle or unilateral recess/r...Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of preoperative sensory testing on postoperative diplopia and to evaluate the dose-effect relations of medial rectus muscle or unilateral recess/resect advancement procedures and their constancy. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 62 operative cases of consecutive exotropia performed from 2001 to 2003 was carried out. Diplopia after prismatic correction and after converging by minus glasses was tested. In 47 cases a unilateral recess/resect procedure and in 15 cases an advancement of the medial rectus muscle were performed. The postoperative resultswere controlled oneweek and three months after operation by measuring the angle of squint by a prism cover test looking in five metres and in 33 cm. Results: 22 patients (36% ) had neither diplopia after prismatic correction of angle of squint nor after operation. The other 40 patients (64% ) experienced diplopia,but were not troubled by it. In all patients the whole amount of angle of squint was operated. Immediately after operation,14 patients (23% ) experienced diplopia temporarily,which remained after 3months in 9 patients,but all of themwere not disturbed by it. In all patients the mean preoperative angle of-19 was corrected by a mean operative amount of 11 mm,the mean postoperative angles were + 1.5 after one week and-2.6 after three months with considerable variations of the results (standard deviations were about 5). In 15 cases with advancement of the medial rectus muscle the dose-effect relation was 2 per mm operative amount. After three months these patients become more divergent,the mean value was-6 ,the dose-effect relation was reduced to 1.4/mm. The unilateral recess/resect operations were more constant: these became more divergent of 2.5 only and their dose-effect relation remained more constant (after one week: 1.9° /mm,after 3 months: 1.7° /mm). Conclusions: The diagnostic value of preoperative prismatic correction of the deviation is very limited. Even if diplopia can be provoked,the chance of disturbing diplopia is very low. Nevertheless,some guidelines for pre-and postoperative care are necessary to prevent double vision. The postoperative outcome is favourable for the patient after one operation. In cases of relapsing divergence a second operation is easily possible.展开更多
Case report:Shortly after birth,a massive enlargement of the right eye was observed in an otherwise healthy male child.The cornea of the affected eye was vascularized and completely cloudy without a sharp border betwe...Case report:Shortly after birth,a massive enlargement of the right eye was observed in an otherwise healthy male child.The cornea of the affected eye was vascularized and completely cloudy without a sharp border between cornea and sclera.The diagnosis of a congenital glaucoma was made but an operation was not undertaken because of the difficult anatomical situation and the lost function.When the child was almost 3 years old enucleation was performed to prevent complications due to corneal exposure,and to improve the cosmetic aspect.Results:The morphological investigations of the enucleated eye disclosed findings typical of what is called in the literature “ congenital anterior staphyloma” or “ congenital corneal staphyloma”,namely a massively staphylomatous cornea with superficial neovascularization,destruction of Bowman’ s layer,and absence of Descemet’ s layer as well as corneal endothelium.Angle structures were completely absent,and the corneal back-side was lined by a pigment epithelial layer and focally by an additional inner layer of non-pigmented epithelium.There was no anterior chamber.The lens was markedly diminished in size(microphakia)and partly embedded in the corneal stroma.Pars muscularis and pars ciliaris of the ciliary body were separated.Elongated,thin ciliary processes were extended towards the small lens while the pars muscularis was fully covered by the retina.Conclusions:This rare,complex malformation syndrome which can be easily distinguished from primary congenital glaucoma should not be reduced conceptually to the corneal staphyloma because this staphyloma constitutes only a part of the whole.Taking the leading morphological aberrations into consideration we would rather propose the new term “ corneal staphyloma-anterior chamber agenesia-microphakia syndrome”(CSAMS).We hypothesize that CSAMS may be due to a pathological fusion of the early anterior optic cup.As the posterior eye segment is often normal in CSAMS,a staphyloma excision along with a sclero-keratoplasty might be an alternative therapeutic option to avoid enucleation and restore ambulatory vision.展开更多
文摘PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of full-thickness macular holes in the elderly Chinese population. DESIGN: Population-based,cross-sectional cohort study. METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4% ) aged 40 years or older. The present investigation consisted of 8653 (97.9% ) eyes of 4346 subjects for whom readable fundus photographs were available. RESULTS: Full-thickness macular holes were found in eight (0.092% ) eyes of seven (0.16% )-patients (six women). Prevalence was 0.09± 3.04% 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03,0.16% . CONCLUSIONS: Fullthickness macular holes may be present in approximately 1.6 out of 1000 elderly Chinese in Northern China. Calculated for the entire population in China,the figure would be approximately 750,000 patients with unilateral full-thickness macular holes 650,000 (95% CI: 217,000 to 1,156,000) or bilateral full-thickness macular holes 100,000 (95% CI: 33,000 to 178,000).
文摘PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of blindness and low vision in Northern China. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study included 4438 subjects with an age of 40+ years. Mean age was 56.2± 10.6 years (range,40 to 101 years). RESULTS: Fortythree (1.0% ) individuals had low vision (< 20/60 and ≥ 20/400 best-corrected vision),and 17 (0.4% ) individuals were blind (best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye < 20/400). Low vision/blindness were significantly associated with age (P < .001),myopic refractive error (P < .001),and level of educational background (P=.035). It was not associated with gender (P=.76) and rural vs urban area (P=.88). CONCLUSIONS: Blindness or low vision affects approximately one in 100 Chinese older than 40 years. An estimated 4.1 million Chinese older than 40 years have low vision,and an estimated 1.6 million Chinese older than 40 years are blind.
文摘Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of preoperative sensory testing on postoperative diplopia and to evaluate the dose-effect relations of medial rectus muscle or unilateral recess/resect advancement procedures and their constancy. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 62 operative cases of consecutive exotropia performed from 2001 to 2003 was carried out. Diplopia after prismatic correction and after converging by minus glasses was tested. In 47 cases a unilateral recess/resect procedure and in 15 cases an advancement of the medial rectus muscle were performed. The postoperative resultswere controlled oneweek and three months after operation by measuring the angle of squint by a prism cover test looking in five metres and in 33 cm. Results: 22 patients (36% ) had neither diplopia after prismatic correction of angle of squint nor after operation. The other 40 patients (64% ) experienced diplopia,but were not troubled by it. In all patients the whole amount of angle of squint was operated. Immediately after operation,14 patients (23% ) experienced diplopia temporarily,which remained after 3months in 9 patients,but all of themwere not disturbed by it. In all patients the mean preoperative angle of-19 was corrected by a mean operative amount of 11 mm,the mean postoperative angles were + 1.5 after one week and-2.6 after three months with considerable variations of the results (standard deviations were about 5). In 15 cases with advancement of the medial rectus muscle the dose-effect relation was 2 per mm operative amount. After three months these patients become more divergent,the mean value was-6 ,the dose-effect relation was reduced to 1.4/mm. The unilateral recess/resect operations were more constant: these became more divergent of 2.5 only and their dose-effect relation remained more constant (after one week: 1.9° /mm,after 3 months: 1.7° /mm). Conclusions: The diagnostic value of preoperative prismatic correction of the deviation is very limited. Even if diplopia can be provoked,the chance of disturbing diplopia is very low. Nevertheless,some guidelines for pre-and postoperative care are necessary to prevent double vision. The postoperative outcome is favourable for the patient after one operation. In cases of relapsing divergence a second operation is easily possible.
文摘Case report:Shortly after birth,a massive enlargement of the right eye was observed in an otherwise healthy male child.The cornea of the affected eye was vascularized and completely cloudy without a sharp border between cornea and sclera.The diagnosis of a congenital glaucoma was made but an operation was not undertaken because of the difficult anatomical situation and the lost function.When the child was almost 3 years old enucleation was performed to prevent complications due to corneal exposure,and to improve the cosmetic aspect.Results:The morphological investigations of the enucleated eye disclosed findings typical of what is called in the literature “ congenital anterior staphyloma” or “ congenital corneal staphyloma”,namely a massively staphylomatous cornea with superficial neovascularization,destruction of Bowman’ s layer,and absence of Descemet’ s layer as well as corneal endothelium.Angle structures were completely absent,and the corneal back-side was lined by a pigment epithelial layer and focally by an additional inner layer of non-pigmented epithelium.There was no anterior chamber.The lens was markedly diminished in size(microphakia)and partly embedded in the corneal stroma.Pars muscularis and pars ciliaris of the ciliary body were separated.Elongated,thin ciliary processes were extended towards the small lens while the pars muscularis was fully covered by the retina.Conclusions:This rare,complex malformation syndrome which can be easily distinguished from primary congenital glaucoma should not be reduced conceptually to the corneal staphyloma because this staphyloma constitutes only a part of the whole.Taking the leading morphological aberrations into consideration we would rather propose the new term “ corneal staphyloma-anterior chamber agenesia-microphakia syndrome”(CSAMS).We hypothesize that CSAMS may be due to a pathological fusion of the early anterior optic cup.As the posterior eye segment is often normal in CSAMS,a staphyloma excision along with a sclero-keratoplasty might be an alternative therapeutic option to avoid enucleation and restore ambulatory vision.