Facile in situ synthesis and characterization of Fe@Si/zeolite Na composites with magnetic core–shell structures from natural materials for enhanced curcumin loading capacity

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that is used in various traditional medicines.However,its inherent properties,such as its rapid degradation and metabolism,low bioavailability,and short half-life,are serious problems that must be resolved.To this end,a drug carrier incorporating natural magnetic cores in a zeolite framework was developed and applied to the loading of curcumin in ethanol solutions.In this system,curcumin is encapsulated in a zeolite Na(ZNA)magnetic core–shell structure(Fe@Si/ZNA),which can be easily synthesized using an in situ method.Synthesis of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles was carried out from natural materials using a co-precipitation method.Analysis of the prepared magnetic core–shell structures and composites was carried out using vibrating-sample magnetometery,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and x-ray diffraction.The cumulative loading of curcumin in the ZNA composite with 9%nanoparticles was found to reach 90.70%with a relatively long half-life of 32.49 min.Stability tests of curcumin loading in the composite showed that adding magnetic particles to the zeolite framework also increased the stability of the composite structure.Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies also found that the system follows the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models.

Analysis of combustion characteristics and chemical properties for biocoke fuel

Analyses of the characteristics and properties of biocoke fuel from several biomass wastes were carried out to determine the energy potential of the fuel.Biocoke production in this research uses heating and pressure methods simultaneously under constant conditions.Experimental results using thermogravimetric analysis show that biocoke empty-fruit-bunches(EFB)have a higher energy potential of 26.57 MJ/kg.Meanwhile,mangrove biocoke recorded the lowest ash content at 1.81%compared to EFB at 5.09%.The carbon content of mangrove biocoke is 58.02%,slightly higher than that of EFB,56.70%,but EFB is higher than that of other biomass.Overall,the energy content recorded in biocoke increased significantly compared to raw biomass.

Irregular dietary habits as a predictor of stunting occurrence among children under 5 years of age:a literature review

Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method.Methods:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting problem.All the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs Institute.Related ar ticles in literature were obtained from journal databases,such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient,Exposure an interest,Outcome or response(PEO)methods.Results:This study found 2246 published ar ticles from 2018 to 2021 about children with stunting.Screening process was conducted fur ther to eliminate ar ticles with irrelevant titles and abstracts,and also the unsuitable ar ticles with the research question;hence,about 9 ar ticles were eligible to be reviewed ahead.All these ar ticles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience stunting.The low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of stunting.Conclusions:Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children<5 years of age.High consumption of carbohydrates,less animal-based protein,and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.

The Rise of Islamic Values in Media： A Three Dimensions Analysis of Film Industry in Indonesia

This article focuses on the rise of Islamic values in media with concern to the film industry in Indonesia. In this nation, 88.22% of 254 million of the population are Muslims. However, this substantial quantity is burden some if Muslims have a lack of appreciation to history and are intellectually weak. In addition, cultural degradation due to the rapid changes in information ＆ communication technology diminishes moral and ethics of society. The growth of film industry in the Soeharto era which curb freedom of expression and media resulted in films which were more oriented to comedy, horror, and vulgar. The aims of this study specifically are： （1） to identify the film industry （macro） in the context of challenge of Indonesian Muslim in social and culture; （2） to analyze the political interests of film production company owner （meso） in his films; （3） to conduct textual analysis （micro） of two films which include Islamic values in the dialogues. Two films, Nagabonar Jadi 2 （Nagabonar Become 2） and Alangkah Lucunya Negeri lni （How Funny This Country ls）, were selected as samples for their contents that fearlessly criticize corrupt governance and promote integrity and good deeds. The three dimensions of critical discourse which was proposed by Norman Fairlough （1992） was used to evaluate the local film industry from the perspective of macro, meso, and micro. The macro-analysis found that Indonesian films act should be modified to keep up with modernized and recent trends in media and film industry. The meso analysis showed that competition between film companies are very though, however, film quality determines the popularity of the company in public. According to the company owner＇s agenda, Deddy Mizwar determines the quality of films produced, instead of quantity, as apriority. Thus, in post-reform era, the freedom of expression which enforced by the Act No. 9 of 1998, the company start producing Islamic films. Deddy Mizwar concerns for society are not only through the media but also political. He recently elected as the deputy governor of West Java province with the full support of an Islamic Party （Partai Keadilan Sejahtera）. The textual studies have found similarities of the Islamic values in the content of the two films which are tawaqal （trust and reliance on God） and Taqwa, the pursuit of knowledge, respecting for the elderly, and belief in the Hereafter.

An Improved LSTM-PCA Ensemble Classifier for SQL Injection and XSS Attack Detection

The Repository Mahasiswa(RAMA)is a national repository of research reports in the form of final assignments,student projects,theses,dissertations,and research reports of lecturers or researchers that have not yet been published in journals,conferences,or integrated books from the scientific repository of universities and research institutes in Indonesia.The increasing popularity of the RAMA Repository leads to security issues,including the two most widespread,vulnerable attacks i.e.,Structured Query Language(SQL)injection and cross-site scripting(XSS)attacks.An attacker gaining access to data and performing unauthorized data modifications is extremely dangerous.This paper aims to provide an attack detection system for securing the repository portal from the abovementioned attacks.The proposed system combines a Long Short–Term Memory and Principal Component Analysis(LSTM-PCA)model as a classifier.This model can effectively solve the vanishing gradient problem caused by excessive positive samples.The experiment results show that the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 96.85%using an 80%:20%ratio of training data and testing data.The rationale for this best achievement is that the LSTM’s Forget Gate works very well as the PCA supplies only selected features that are significantly relevant to the attacks’patterns.The Forget Gate in LSTM is responsible for deciding which information should be kept for computing the cell state and which one is not relevant and can be discarded.In addition,the LSTM’s Input Gate assists in finding out crucial information and stores specific relevant data in the memory.

Untargeted metabolomics to evaluate antifungal mechanism:a study of Cophinforma mamane and Candida albicans interaction

Microbial interactions between filamentous fungi and yeast are still not fully understood.To evaluate a potential anti-fungal activity of a filamentous fungus while highlighting metabolomic changes,co-cultures between an endophytic strain of Cophinforma mamane(CM)and Candida albicans(CA)were performed.The liquid cultures were incubated under static conditions and metabolite alterations during the course were investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Results were analyzed using MS-DIAL,MS-FINDER,METLIN,Xcalibur,SciFinder,and MetaboAnalyst metabolomics platforms.The metabolites associated with catabolic processes,including the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids,carnitine,and phospholipids were upregulated both in the mono and co-cultures,indicating fungal adaptability to environmental stress.Several metab-olites,including C20 sphinganine 1-phosphate,myo-inositol,farnesol,gamma-undecalactone,folinic acid,palmitoleic acid,and MG(12:/0:0/0:0)were not produced by CA during co-culture with CM,demonstrating the antifungal mecha-nism of CM.Our results highlight the crucial roles of metabolomics studies to provide essential information regarding the antifungal mechanism of C.mamane against C.albicans,especially when the lost/undetected metabolites are involved in fungal survival and pathogenicity.

Removal of lead(Pb(Ⅱ))and zinc(Zn(Ⅱ))from aqueous solution using coal fly ash(CFA)as a dual-sites adsorbent

Coal fly ash(CFA)is composed of minerals containing some oxides in crystalline phase(i.e.,quartz and mullite),as well as unburned carbon as mesoporous material,thus enabling CFA to act as a dual-sites adsorbent with unique properties.This work focused on the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)and Zn(Ⅱ)from binary system,a mixture containing two metal ion solutions present simultaneously,onto NaOH-modified CFA(MCFA).Several adsorption tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of several parameters,including pH and contact times.The experiment results indicated that chemical treatment of CFA with NaOH increased pore volume from 0.021 to 0.223 cm^3·g^(-1).In addition,it could also enhance the availability of functional groups on both minerals and unburned carbon,resulting in almost 100%Pb(Ⅱ)and 97%Zn(Ⅱ)adsorbed.The optimum pH for adsorption system was pH=3 and quasi-equilibrium occurred in 240 minutes.Equilibrium data from the experimental results were analyzed using Modified Extended Langmuir(MEL)and Competitive Adsorption Langmuir-Langmuir(CALL)isotherm models.The analysis results showed that the CALL isotherm model could better describe the Pb(Ⅱ)and Zn(Ⅱ)adsorption process onto MCFA in binary system compared with MEL isotherm model.

Protein Profiles and Dehydrin Accumulation in Some Soybean Varieties (<i>Glycine max</i>L. Merr) in Drought Stress Conditions

Drought is one of environmental stresses which the most limiting to plant growth and productivity. Drought stress led to a series of changes including biochemical changes like accumulation of osmolit and specific proteins involved in stress tolerance. One of the proteins that play a role in the mechanism of drought resistance is dehydrin protein. This study aimed to identify the protein profiles and dehydrin accumulation in 7 varieties of local Indonesian soybeans: Tanggamus, Nanti, Seulawah and Tidar (tolerant), Wilis and Burangrang (moderate) and Detam-1 (drought stress sensitive). Plants were treated with drought stress by adjusting soil water content to 25% below field capacity and compared with plants which were grown on normal condition as control plants. The results of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed a new protein with the molecular weight of 13 and 52 kDa were induced in Tanggamus, Nanti, Seulawah and Tidar varieties. Western blotting analysis for dehydrin showed that the quantity of the protein in the leaves of all varieties except Tanggamus decreased in drought stress conditions. The quantity of dehydrin protein in tolerant varieties higher than the protein quantity in both moderate varieties and drought sensitive.

Numerical Analysis of MHD Accelerator with Non-Equilibrium Air Plasma

Magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） accelerator is proposed as a next generation propulsion system. It can be used to increase the performance of a propulsion system. The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of MHD accelerator using non-equilibrium air plasma as working gas. In this study, the fundamental performance of MHD accelerator such as flow performance and electrical performance is evaluated at different levels of applied magnetic field using I-D numerical simulation. The numerical simulation is developed based on a set of differential equations with MHD approximation. To solve this set of differential equations the MacCormack scheme is used. A specified channel designed and developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Centre is used in the numerical simulation. The composition of the simulated air plasma consists of seven species, namely, N2, N, O2, O, NO, NO＋, and e-. The performance of the non-equilibrium MHD accelerator is also compared with the equilibrium MHD accelerator.

Toward Sharia Rural Tourism Model Case Study of Sleman District, Yogyakarta

Concomitant increase in the Muslim population of the world and the Muslims significant expenditure for the purpose of travel, the village halal travel is now becoming one of the most alternatives appeal to invite people to visit.This paper is intended to illustrate the potential and the readiness of people to hold lawful tourist village in Sleman Yogyakarta. To obtain a picture in question, some variables are included in this study. It needs some steps in data collection, including the use of collective engagement process involving some＇, stakeholders to provide guidance on the development of rural tourism. Based on the results, this research aL,;o is expected to provide information and approval about sharia-based rural tourism to stakeholders. Respondents of this study are the locals particularly those involved in the business of conventional in the whole tourist villages in the area. Results of the research indicate that most of the villages have infrastructure that badly needs to be improved, lack of human resources skill （technologically backward, not able to communicate through internet, etc.）, and limited understanding of both the people and stakeholders of the villages about the conception of sharia-based tourist village. Implications of the findings are discussed.

The Application to Evaluate Worship Location Based on Geospatial Analysis: Case of Indonesia

The application of geospatial analysis is a need to respond to the increasing number of social conflicts caused by the existence of public places of worships (PPW) in Indonesia. This conflict eventually becomes endemic among Indonesian cross-cultural society. Even though the government has produced a regulation-like policy namely SKB 2006 to manage the establishment of PPW, its contribution to avoiding or reducing the conflicts is in question. Researchers notice that the policy is misused in some incidents to even trigger the conflict. It is due to the presence of people participation defined in SKB 2006 particularly to determine the legalization of PPW. Currently there is no exact foundation used by the government to precisely measure the status of PPW, hence the decision to permit or reject any proposal to establish PPW is determined by the acceptance of surrounding society which in many occasions becomes the cause of the conflict. Therefore the government needs to regain control over the existence of PPW since these types of buildings are public facilities used by people in cross-cultural society. The research is to provide accurate information regarding the existence of PPW and the impact of their presence using geospatial analysis. The objective is to analyze the interaction between PPW and its surrounding objects. The analysis is based on PPW coverage, overlapping and blank spot area. A case study has been conducted to analyze the existence of PPW at Cemorokandang village, a part of Malang city in the province of East Java. The application highlights the issue of overwhelming PPW in the location of analysis.

Capital Structure Determinants and Their Impact on Firm Value： Evidence From Indonesia

This study has two main purposes, i.e., the first is to discover and analyze capital structure determinants, and the second is to discover and analyze the influence of capital structure determinants on firm value in which capital structure treated as a moderating variable. Factors suspected to be determinants of capital structure consist of company growth, profitability, asset structure, leverage, and company size. The population in this study were manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Using purposive sampling method, 125 companies with four years＇ （2008-2011） observation period were collected. The analysis tool used was multiple regression. The results showed that factors which significantly determined capital structure were fixed asset structure, leverage, profitability, and size, while company growth did not influence capital structure. Meanwhile, with capital structure as a moderating variable, asset structure, leverage, and profitability significantly influence the finn value, while company growth and company size did not influence the firm value.

Dietary Coleus amboinicus Lour. decreases ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation, and improves meat quality and fatty acid composition in longissimus thoracis muscle of lambs

Background:Methane production and fatty acids(FA)biohydrogenation in the rumen are two main constraints in ruminant production causing environmental burden and reducing food product quality.Rumen functions can be modulated by the biologically active compounds(BACs)of plant origins as shown in several studies e.g.reduction in methane emission,modulation of FA composition with positive impact on the ruminant products.Coleus amboinicus Lour.(CAL)contains high concentration of polyphenols that may potentially reduce methane production and modulate ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA.This study aimed to investigate the effect of BAC of Coleus amboinicus Lour.(CAL)fed to growing lambs on ruminal methane production,biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA and meat characteristics.In this study,the in vitro experiment aiming at determining the most effective CAL dose for in vivo experiments was followed by two in vivo experiments in rumen-cannulated rams and growing lambs.Experiment 1(RUSITEC)comprised of control and three experimental diets differing in CAL content(10%,15%,and 20%of the total diet).The two in vivo experiments were conducted on six growing,rumen-cannulated lambs(Exp.2)and 16 growing lambs(Exp.3).Animals were assigned into the control(CON)and experimental(20%of CAL)groups.Several parameters were examined in vitro(pH,ammonia and VFA concentrations,protozoa,methanogens and select bacteria populations)and in vivo(methane production,digestibility,ruminal microorganism populations,meat quality,fatty acids profiles in rumen fluid and meat,transcript expression of 5 genes in meat).Results:CAL lowered in vitro methane production by 51%.In the in vivo Exp.3,CAL decreased methane production by 20%compared with the CON group,which corresponded to reduction of total methanogen counts by up to 28%in all experiments,notably Methanobacteriales.In Exp.3,CAL increased or tended to increase populations of some rumen bacteria(Ruminococcus albus,Megasphaera elsdenii,Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus,and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens).Dietary CAL suppressed the Holotricha population,but increased or tended to increase Entodiniomorpha population in vivo.An increase in the polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)proportion in the rumen of lambs was noted in response to the CAL diet,which was mainly attributable to the increase in C18:3 cis-9 cis-12cis-15(LNA)proportion.CAL reduced the mRNA expression of four out of five genes investigated in meat(fatty acid synthase,stearoyl-CoA desaturase,lipoprotein lipase,and fatty acid desaturase 1).Conclusions:Summarizing,polyphenols of CAL origin(20%in diet)mitigated ruminal methane production by inhibiting the methanogen communities.CAL supplementation also improved ruminal environment by modulating ruminal bacteria involved in fermentation and biohydrogenation of FA.Besides,CAL elevated the LNA concentration,which improved meat quality through increased deposition of n-3 PUFA.Highlight·Coleus amboinicus Lour.(CAL)into sheep diet decreased CH4emission.·CAL did not reduce nutrient digestibility,but inhibited the methanogen community.·CAL increased ruminal propionate proportion and decreased acetate/propionate ratio.·CAL elevated n-3 fatty acid concentration in ruminal fluid and meat.·Supplementation of CAL improved some meat quality traits.

Spirooxindoles:Recent report of green synthesis approach

Spirooxindole is a compound with a unique framework and broad bioactivities in medicine.In this study,we have reviewed various approaches or methods in synthesizing spirooxindole derivatives focused on green synthesis.Synthesis of spirooxindoles is mainly carried out through multicomponent reactions combined with various green approaches such as the use of heterogeneous catalysts(nano-sized,magnetic,metal-complex,and metal-organic framework catalysts),deep eutectic solvent,solvent-free reactions,catalyst-free reactions,as well as the use of ultrasonic and microwaves irradiation.The green method is carried out in addition to obtaining high yields,it also offers reductions in the use of hazardous chemicals,energy use,purification processes,and waste generation.As a result,green synthesis methods in the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives are more environmentally friendly.

Modeling and optimal control of COVID-19 with comorbidity and three-dose vaccination in Indonesia

This paper presents and examines a COVID-19 model that takes comorbidities and up to three vaccine doses into account.We analyze the stability of the equilibria,examine herd immunity,and conduct a sensitivity analysis validated by data on COVID-19 in Indonesia.The disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than one,while an endemic equilibrium exists and is globally asymptotically stable when the number is greater than one.Subsequently,the model incorporates two effective measures,namely public education and enhanced medical care,to determine the most advantageous approach for mitigating the transmission of the disease.The optimal control model is then determined using Pontryagin’s maximum principle.The integrated control strategy is the best method for reliably safeguarding the general population against COVID-19 infection.Cost evaluations and numerical simulations corroborate this conclusion.

Javanese vernacular architecture and environmental synchronization based on the regional diversity of Joglo and Limasan

Joglo and Limasan are traditional Javanese architecture structures and the most preferred vernacular dwellings in Java. These houses spread to other areas through Central Java and the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. Given the local characteristics, the architecture of these structures is not merely identical in some aspects but is also based on the people and the natural environment. This study examines how environmental synchronization related to vernacular sustainability can be achieved based on the regional diversity between Joglo and Limasan in Centrat Java for contemporary custom. The architectural features of form, size, orientation, materials, and openings from samples of 10 areas in rural Central Java are compared to discover their distinctive sustainability methods. This study aims to prove the capability of the Javanese to synchronize their house in various ways. The reasons behind such synchronization are explored from both natural and social aspects to gain an enhanced understanding of the disparity in vernacular architecture in relation with the environment. Results indicate that within the same category, houses in each area show their indigenous architecture as result of synchronization with the local nature and the social circumstances of the people.

Validity of Amontons's law for run-in short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers:The effect of epoxy coated fibers

Friction between two contacting surfaces is studied extensively.One of the k n o w n friction theories is Amontons,law which states that the friction force is proportional to the normal force.However,Amontons7 law has been found to be invalid for elastomers.In the present study,the validity of Amontons7 law for short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers is studied.Two types of fillers are used to reinforce the elastomers,namely highly dispersible silica and short-cut aramid fibers.Short-cut aramid fibers with two different surface treatments are used,namely non-reactive fibers with standard oily finish(SF-fibers)and fibers treated with an epoxy coating(EF-fibers).A pin-on-disc tribometer is used to investigate the frictional behavior of the composites in sliding contact with a granite counter surface.The results show that,after the run-in phase,Amontons,law is valid for those composites that are reinforced by short-cut aramid fibers(without reinforcing filler,i.e.,silica)if the contact pressure is below a threshold value.However,once the contact pressure exceeds this threshold value,Amontons'law will be invalid.The threshold contact pressure of the composites containing EF-fibers is higher than of the composites containing SF-fibers.The composites that are reinforced by silica and short-cut aramid fibers do not follow Amontons7 law.

Evaluating recurrent episodes of malaria incidence in Timika,Indonesia,through a Markovian multiple-state model

Background:The high prevalence of malaria in endemic areas generally stems from recurrence events,characterized by the appearance of malaria symptoms at the time of examination;nearly every resident is at risk of experiencing such a recurrence.The verified presence of Plasmodium sp is referred to as the Confirmed state,while the condition without confirmed P.falciparum is called the Undetected Parasitaemia state.After malaria treatment,a person can be in Aparasitaemic state or return to an Undetected Parasitaemia or Confirmed state due to non-adherence in complying with malaria therapy.In this study,we evaluate the characteristics of malaria recurrence in Timika,Indonesia,using the Markovian multiple-state model.In addition,we also simulate the probability of malaria recurrence after the implementation of several control strategies,including prevention strategies using insecticide-treated nets(ITNs)and indoor residual spraying(IRS).Objective:This study aims to identify the transition probabilities of malaria recurrence with and without control strategies.Methods:We use data from the medical records of malaria patients from the Naena Muktipura sub-health center in Timika,Papua,Indonesia,from March 2020 to March 2021.The data were grouped into two age categories:those under or over 24 years.The incidence of malaria in this area was modeled using a Markovian multiple-state model,dividing the incidence data based on the character of the patient's condition(Undetected Parasitaemia,Confirmed,or Aparasitaemic states)in order to obtain the patient's transition probabilities in each state.Furthermore,we simulate the recurrence probability given specific control strategies.Results:There were 964 visits to the sub-health center at Naena Muktipura in which symptoms of malaria were reported.Specifically,the number of the malaria incidences in the groups under and over age 24 were 456 and 508,respectively.The modeling results indicate that the probability of recurrence in the over-24 age group is generally higher than that in the under-24 age group.However,the probability of this recurrence decreases over time.Furthermore,providing a control strategy can reduce the probability of recurrence and increase the probability of recovery for these patients.Conclusion:In endemic areas,adherence to treatment and preventive measures can accelerate the healing process and reduce the probability of malaria recurrence.With proper treatment management,the use of ITNs and the application of IRS,the incidence of malaria can be reduced and recovery can be accelerated.

The Influence of Hedonistic Culture to Minangkabau Juveniles’Social Behaviors in the Twenty-first Century

This study is based on the emergence of teenagers1 behaviors which is deviated from the tradition of Minangkabau society.It aims to determine how hedonism affects Minangkabau's local pearls of wisdom.A qualitative approach with phenomenology research design was used where 25 Minangkabau teenagers,religious and traditional leaders who live in Lima Puluh Kota,Tanah Datar,and Agam involved in the study.The data taken from observation,interview,and documentation.The results reveal that the paradigm shift of young Minangkabau's social behavior is caused by hedonism that can be seen in both positive and negative aspects.In positive ways,they live their lives mainly to fulfill their needs,add experiences,create a sense of secure for the community,and be open minded.Meanwhile,in negative ways,traditions based on Islamic laws and the Holly Quran were regarded only as symbols.Such hedonism tends to trigger crime,individualism,laziness,free-sex,insecurity,and consumptive.Thus,this kind of behavior was caused by the absence of religious and custom education they had in the family and social lives.

Antidiabetic potential and secondary metabolites screening of mangrove gastropod Cerithidea obtusa

Objective:To study the possible effects of Cerithidea obtusa extract as antidiabetic and to screen the secondary metabolites presence.Methods:Antidiabetic activity of Cerithidea obtusa extract was measured in vitro usingα-glucosidase inhibition method.Whereas,secondary metabolites screening was measured qualitatively.Results:The methanol extract had antidiabetic activity(IC_(50)=36.40 mg/mL).However,the control drug acarbose had significantly higher antidiabetic activity(IC_(50)=0.32 mg/mL).Secondary metabolites screening showed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,triterpenoids and saponins.Conclusions:The methanol extract had antidiabetic activity and the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids and triterpenoids might contribute to the activity.