Antitubercular activity of the semi-polar extractives of Uvaria rufa

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory activity of the chloroform extract,petroleum ether and chloroform sub-extracts,lead-acetate treated chloroform extract,fractions and secondary metabolites of Uvaria rufa（U.rufa） against Mycobacterium tuberculosis（M.tuberculosis） H37Rv. Methods:The antituberculosis susceptibility assay was earried out using the colorimetric Microplate Alamar blue assay（MABA）.In addition,the cytotoxicity of the most active fraction was evaluated using the VERO cell toxicity assay.Results:The in vitro inhibitory activity against M.tuberculosis H37Rv increased as purification progressed to fractionation（MIC up to 23μg/mL）. The chloroform extract and its sub-extracts showed moderate toxicity while the most active fraction from chloroform sub-extract exhibited no cytotoxicity against VERO cells.Meanwhile, the lead acetate-treated crude chloroform extract and its fractions showed complete inhibitions （100%） with MIC values up to 8μg/mL.Phylochemical screening of the most active fraction showed,in general,the presence of terpenoids,steroids and phenolic compounds.Evaluation of the antimycobacterial activity of known secondary metabolites isolated showed no promising inhibitory activity against the test organism.Conclusions:The present results demonstrate the potential of U.rufa as a phytomedicinal source of compounds that may exhibit promising antituberculosis activity.In addition,elimination of polar pigments revealed enhanced inhibition against M.tuberculosis H37Rv.While several compounds known for this plant did not show antimycobacterial activity,the obtained results are considered sufficient reason for further study to isolate the metabolites from U.rufa responsible for the antitubercular activity.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Cytotoxic, Antileishmanial and Docking Evaluation of 3-(4-Chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one

Chalcone derivatives are of immense importance owing to their superior pharmacological profile. Minor changes in their structures create high degree of diversity that results in a broader spectrum of biological activities. The present research paper presents the synthesis of 3-（4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl）-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one chalcone（I）, single crystal XRD analysis and the evaluation of its possible biological activities like cytotoxic（LD（50） = 5.40 ug/m L）and antileishmanial（LD（50） = 0.81 ug/m L） activities. The results indicate the tested chalcone（I）shows superior inhibition values against leishmanial promastigotes. Further, the possible interaction sites of chalcone（I） with Try R enzyme involved in the redox metabolism of the leishmanial parasite were determined using docking simulation technique. Docking computations demonstrate that the compound establishes prominent binding interactions with the key residues of Try R and possesses the potential to effectively inhibit the catalytic activities of enzyme. Thus the results suggest that the chalcone（I） can serve as a potential scaffold for the treatment of leishmaniasis and deserve further development.

THE TWENTY OF THE POLIS' AND THE DRERIAN PHYLAI

There is a consensus among scholars of ancient Greek history that the phylê1was not only a functional unit belonging to political systems of Greek communities,but that it also played a decisive part in the singular process known as the rise of the polis,i.e.the transformation from settlements into political communities of citizens.2Nevertheless,little attention has been paid to the concrete political function fulfilled by the phylai in particular poleis.Only the famous

A Smallness Condition Ensuring Boundedness in a Two-dimensional Chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes System involving Dirichlet Boundary Conditions for the Signal

The chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system{nt+u・∇n=Δn−∇・(n∇c),ct+u・∇c=Δc−nc,ut+(u・∇)u=Δu+∇P+n∇φ,∇・u=0is considered in a smoothly bounded planar domainΩunder the boundary conditions(∇n−n∇c)・ν=0,c=c,u=0,x∈∂Ω,t>0,with a given nonnegative constant c_(*).It is shown that if(n_(0),c_(0),u_(0))is sufficiently regular and such that the product||n_(0)||L^(1)(Ω)||c_(0)||^(2)L^(∞)(Ω)is suitably small,an associated initial value problem possesses a bounded classical solution with(n,c,u)|_(t=0)=(n_(0),c_(0),u_(0)).

覆盖理论手册

覆盖理论是作为构造范畴间的等价关系的通用方法而出现的一种数学理论，它的起源可追溯到1973年前苏联数学家I．N．Bernstein，J．M．Geffand和V．A．Ponomanov的两篇关于有限维代数表示理论的论文。这个理论最初是在有限维代数上的模范畴的研究中发展起来的，

Excitonic Eigenstates of Disordered Semiconductor Quantum Wires:Adaptive Wavelet Computation of Eigenvalues for the Electron-Hole Schrodinger Equation

A novel adaptive approach to compute the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the two-particle(electron-hole)Schrodinger equation including Coulomb attraction is presented.As an example,we analyze the energetically lowest exciton state of a thin one-dimensional semiconductor quantum wire in the presence of disorder which arises from the non-smooth interface between the wire and surrounding material.The eigenvalues of the corresponding Schrodinger equation,i.e.,the onedimensional exciton Wannier equation with disorder,correspond to the energies of excitons in the quantum wire.The wavefunctions,in turn,provide information on the optical properties of the wire.We reformulate the problem of two interacting particles that both can move in one dimension as a stationary eigenvalue problem with two spacial dimensions in an appropriate weak form whose bilinear form is arranged to be symmetric,continuous,and coercive.The disorder of the wire is modelled by adding a potential in the Hamiltonian which is generated by normally distributed random numbers.The numerical solution of this problem is based on adaptive wavelets.Our scheme allows for a convergence proof of the resulting scheme together with complexity estimates.Numerical examples demonstrate the behavior of the smallest eigenvalue,the ground state energies of the exciton,together with the eigenstates depending on the strength and spatial correlation of disorder.

Harmonic Analysis for Real Spherical Spaces

We give an introduction to basic harmonic analysis and representation theory for homogeneous spaces Z = G/H attached to a real reductive Lie group G. A special emphasis is made to the case where Z is real spherical.

Geometric Counting on Wavefront Real Spherical Spaces

We provide L^p-versus L~∞-bounds for eigenfunctions on a real spherical space Z of wavefront type. It is shown that these bounds imply a non-trivial error term estimate for lattice counting on Z. The paper also serves as an introduction to geometric counting on spaces of the mentioned type.