Much of the genetic predisposition to polyposis,and particularly to serrated polyposis(SP),remains unknown.Only germline pathogenic variants in RNF43,a tumor suppressor that exerts negative feedback in the Wnt/β-cate...Much of the genetic predisposition to polyposis,and particularly to serrated polyposis(SP),remains unknown.Only germline pathogenic variants in RNF43,a tumor suppressor that exerts negative feedback in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,have been causally linked to some SP cases(<2%),a disease associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer(CRC).^(1) Most known hereditary CRC and polyposis genes affect DNA repair,BMP/TGF-β,or Wnt signaling,being the latter associated with adenomatous and serrated polyposis phenotypes.2 Based on this observation,we evaluated the presence and role of germline variants in those pathways in unsolved polyposis patients.展开更多
Rising emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have warmed the planet substantially and are also accompanied by poor air quality.The increased prevalence of allergic airway disease worldwide can be partially a...Rising emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have warmed the planet substantially and are also accompanied by poor air quality.The increased prevalence of allergic airway disease worldwide can be partially attributed to those global environmental changes.Climate change and air pollution pose adverse impacts on respiratory allergies,and that the mechanisms are complex and interactive.Adverse weather conditions,such as extreme temperatures,can act directly on the respiratory tract to induce allergic respiratory illnesses.Thunderstorms and floods can alter the production and distribution of aeroallergens while wildfires and dust storms increase air pollution,and therefore indirectly enhance health risks.Concentrations of particulate matter and ozone in the air have been projected to increase with climate warming and air stagnation,and the rising temperatures and CO2 increase pollen,molds,and spores,which escalate the risk of allergic respiratory diseases.The synergistic effects of extreme heat and aeroallergens intensify the toxic effect of air pollutants,which in turn augment the allergenicity of aeroallergens.With the Earth’s climate change,migration of humans and plants shift the living environments and allergens of susceptible people.Urban residents are exposed to multiple factors while children are sensitive to environmental exposure.Since climate change may pose many unexpected and persistent effects on allergic respiratory diseases,health professionals should advocate for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize its respiratory health effects.展开更多
This review analyzes the state and recent progress in the field of information support for pollen allergy sufferers.For decades,information available for the patients and allergologists consisted of pollen counts,whic...This review analyzes the state and recent progress in the field of information support for pollen allergy sufferers.For decades,information available for the patients and allergologists consisted of pollen counts,which are vital but insufficient.New technology paves the way to substantial increase in amount and diversity of the data.This paper reviews old and newly suggested methods to predict pollen and air pollutant concentrations in the air and proposes an allergy risk concept,which combines the pollen and pollution information and transforms it into a qualitative risk index.This new index is available in an app(Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK-air)that was developed in the frame of the European Union grant Impact of Air POLLution on sleep,Asthma and Rhinitis(a project of European Institute of Innovation and Technology-Health).On-going transformation of the pollen allergy information support is based on new technological solutions for pollen and air quality monitoring and predictions.The new information-technology and artificial-intelligence-based solutions help to convert this information into easy-to-use services for both medical practitioners and allergy sufferers.展开更多
Post-transcriptional methylation of N6-adenine and Nl-adenine can affect transcriptome turnover and translation.Furthermore,the regulatory function of N6-methyladenine(m6A)during heat shock has been uncovered,includin...Post-transcriptional methylation of N6-adenine and Nl-adenine can affect transcriptome turnover and translation.Furthermore,the regulatory function of N6-methyladenine(m6A)during heat shock has been uncovered,including the enhancement of the phase separation potential of RNAs.In response to acute stress,e.g.heat shock,the orderly sequestration of mRNAs in stress granules(SGs)is considered important to protect transcripts from the irreversible aggregation.Until recently,the role of N1-methyladenine(m^(1)A)on mRNAs during acute stress response remains largely unknown.Here we show that the methyltransferase complex TRMT6/61A,which generates the tag,is involved in transcriptome protection during heat shock.Our bioinformatics analysis indicates that occurrence of the motif is increased in mRNAs known to be enriched in SGs.Accordingly,the m^(1)A-generating methyltransferase TRMT6/61A accumulated in SGs and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of in the SG RNAs.The insertion of a single methylation motif in the untranslated region of a reporter RNA leads to more efficient recovery of protein synthesis from that transcript after the return to normal temperature.Our results demonstrate far-reaching functional consequences of a minimal RNA modification on N1-adenine during acute proteostasis stress.展开更多
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM)is rapidly becoming an essential technology for mesoscopic imaging of samples such as embryos and adult mouse organs.However,LSFM can suffer from optical artifacts for which th...Light sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM)is rapidly becoming an essential technology for mesoscopic imaging of samples such as embryos and adult mouse organs.However,LSFM can suffer from optical artifacts for which there is no intrinsic solution.The attenuation of light due to absorbing material causes“shadow”artifacts along both the illumination and detection paths.Several approaches have been introduced to reduce this problem,including scanning illumination and multi-view imaging.However,neither of these approaches completely eliminates the problem.If the distribution of the absorbing material is complex,shadows cannot be avoided.We introduce a new approach that relies on multi-modal integration of two very different mesoscopic techniques.Unlike LSFM,optical projection tomography(OPT)can operate in transmission mode to create a voxel map of the 3D distribution of the sample’s optical attenuation.Here,we demonstrate a hybrid instrument(OPTiSPIM)that can quantify this attenuation and use the information to correct the shadow artifacts of LSFM.展开更多
Antigen-presenting cells(APCs)may be resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection but still contribute to viral pathogenesis.Lectins such as sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1(Siglec-1/CD169)mediate the attachment of viruses t...Antigen-presenting cells(APCs)may be resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection but still contribute to viral pathogenesis.Lectins such as sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1(Siglec-1/CD169)mediate the attachment of viruses to APCs.Here,we show that APCs effectively capture SARS-CoV-2 within compartments via recognition of Siglec-1.This receptor interacts with sialylated gangliosides on membranes of SARS-CoV-2 variants.展开更多
Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term ch...Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM(chloroform,bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents(METs). Gene expression in whole blood m RNA was evaluated using Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression-Bead Chip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m^3 for exhaled total THM(sum of the four THM).Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m^3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate(Log-fold change range:-0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies.展开更多
基金funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Agencia Estatal de Investigación)co-funded by FEDER funds a way to build Europe[No.SAF2016-80888-R(LV),PID2020-112595RB-I00(LV),and PID2019-111254RB-I00(GC),and predoctoral fellowship“Formación de Personal Investigador”(IQ)]+7 种基金Instituto de Salud Carlos III[CIBERONC CB16/12/00234,Sara Borrell Postdoctoral contract(PM)]Government of Catalonia,Spain[PERIS MedPerCan,AGAUR 2017SGR1282,CERCA Program for institutional support]Scientific Foundation“Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer”[AECC Investigador(MT)]Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship[Organ-VIP,Grant agreement No.897064(NG-A)]The Solve-RD project is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No.779257This study was supported by the European Reference Network on Genetic Tumor Risk Syndromes(ERN GENTURIS)-Project ID No.739547(www.genturis.eu)the COST action CA17118supported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
文摘Much of the genetic predisposition to polyposis,and particularly to serrated polyposis(SP),remains unknown.Only germline pathogenic variants in RNF43,a tumor suppressor that exerts negative feedback in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,have been causally linked to some SP cases(<2%),a disease associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer(CRC).^(1) Most known hereditary CRC and polyposis genes affect DNA repair,BMP/TGF-β,or Wnt signaling,being the latter associated with adenomatous and serrated polyposis phenotypes.2 Based on this observation,we evaluated the presence and role of germline variants in those pathways in unsolved polyposis patients.
基金This work was supported by the grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0606200).
文摘Rising emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have warmed the planet substantially and are also accompanied by poor air quality.The increased prevalence of allergic airway disease worldwide can be partially attributed to those global environmental changes.Climate change and air pollution pose adverse impacts on respiratory allergies,and that the mechanisms are complex and interactive.Adverse weather conditions,such as extreme temperatures,can act directly on the respiratory tract to induce allergic respiratory illnesses.Thunderstorms and floods can alter the production and distribution of aeroallergens while wildfires and dust storms increase air pollution,and therefore indirectly enhance health risks.Concentrations of particulate matter and ozone in the air have been projected to increase with climate warming and air stagnation,and the rising temperatures and CO2 increase pollen,molds,and spores,which escalate the risk of allergic respiratory diseases.The synergistic effects of extreme heat and aeroallergens intensify the toxic effect of air pollutants,which in turn augment the allergenicity of aeroallergens.With the Earth’s climate change,migration of humans and plants shift the living environments and allergens of susceptible people.Urban residents are exposed to multiple factors while children are sensitive to environmental exposure.Since climate change may pose many unexpected and persistent effects on allergic respiratory diseases,health professionals should advocate for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize its respiratory health effects.
文摘This review analyzes the state and recent progress in the field of information support for pollen allergy sufferers.For decades,information available for the patients and allergologists consisted of pollen counts,which are vital but insufficient.New technology paves the way to substantial increase in amount and diversity of the data.This paper reviews old and newly suggested methods to predict pollen and air pollutant concentrations in the air and proposes an allergy risk concept,which combines the pollen and pollution information and transforms it into a qualitative risk index.This new index is available in an app(Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK-air)that was developed in the frame of the European Union grant Impact of Air POLLution on sleep,Asthma and Rhinitis(a project of European Institute of Innovation and Technology-Health).On-going transformation of the pollen allergy information support is based on new technological solutions for pollen and air quality monitoring and predictions.The new information-technology and artificial-intelligence-based solutions help to convert this information into easy-to-use services for both medical practitioners and allergy sufferers.
基金This work was funded by the European Research Council grants MetaMeta_311522(R.M.V.)RIBOMYLOME_309545(G.G.T.)+5 种基金ASTRA_855923(G.G.T)G.G.T.acknowledges support of the H2020 projects IASIS_727658 and INFORE_825080the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness BFU2017-86970-Pas well as the collaboration with Peter St.George-Hyslop financed by the Wellcome TrustR.M.V.acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)grant EXC115M.H.is funded by DFG CRC902‘Molecular Principles of RNA-based Regulation’。
文摘Post-transcriptional methylation of N6-adenine and Nl-adenine can affect transcriptome turnover and translation.Furthermore,the regulatory function of N6-methyladenine(m6A)during heat shock has been uncovered,including the enhancement of the phase separation potential of RNAs.In response to acute stress,e.g.heat shock,the orderly sequestration of mRNAs in stress granules(SGs)is considered important to protect transcripts from the irreversible aggregation.Until recently,the role of N1-methyladenine(m^(1)A)on mRNAs during acute stress response remains largely unknown.Here we show that the methyltransferase complex TRMT6/61A,which generates the tag,is involved in transcriptome protection during heat shock.Our bioinformatics analysis indicates that occurrence of the motif is increased in mRNAs known to be enriched in SGs.Accordingly,the m^(1)A-generating methyltransferase TRMT6/61A accumulated in SGs and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of in the SG RNAs.The insertion of a single methylation motif in the untranslated region of a reporter RNA leads to more efficient recovery of protein synthesis from that transcript after the return to normal temperature.Our results demonstrate far-reaching functional consequences of a minimal RNA modification on N1-adenine during acute proteostasis stress.
基金the European Union’s 7th Framework VIBRANT project(No.228933 of the FP7-NMP)the Sinergia project(CRII3_125477)of the Swiss National Science Foundation(SNSF)+1 种基金support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,“Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017”from the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
文摘Light sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM)is rapidly becoming an essential technology for mesoscopic imaging of samples such as embryos and adult mouse organs.However,LSFM can suffer from optical artifacts for which there is no intrinsic solution.The attenuation of light due to absorbing material causes“shadow”artifacts along both the illumination and detection paths.Several approaches have been introduced to reduce this problem,including scanning illumination and multi-view imaging.However,neither of these approaches completely eliminates the problem.If the distribution of the absorbing material is complex,shadows cannot be avoided.We introduce a new approach that relies on multi-modal integration of two very different mesoscopic techniques.Unlike LSFM,optical projection tomography(OPT)can operate in transmission mode to create a voxel map of the 3D distribution of the sample’s optical attenuation.Here,we demonstrate a hybrid instrument(OPTiSPIM)that can quantify this attenuation and use the information to correct the shadow artifacts of LSFM.
基金The authors also acknowledge the crowdfunding initiative#Yomecorono(https://www.yomecorono.com).N.I.-U.is supported by the grant PID2020-117145RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationJ.M.-P.is supported by the grant PID2019-109870RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and in part also by Grifols.The C.R.laboratory is funded by RTI2018-094445-B100(MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE)+1 种基金The NHP study was primarily supported by a YNPRC Coronavirus Pilot Research Project Program grant to M.Pa.under award P51 OD11132,Emergent Venture Fast grant program to M.Pa.under awards#2206 and#2144,and William and Lula Pitts Foundation(to M.Pa.)X.M.-T.is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund under agreement BES-2017-082900.The funders had no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Antigen-presenting cells(APCs)may be resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection but still contribute to viral pathogenesis.Lectins such as sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1(Siglec-1/CD169)mediate the attachment of viruses to APCs.Here,we show that APCs effectively capture SARS-CoV-2 within compartments via recognition of Siglec-1.This receptor interacts with sialylated gangliosides on membranes of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
基金funded by the projects SAF2005-07643-C03-01/02/03 and SAF2007-62719 by Spanish Health Ministry grantsby FIS CP06/00341, FI06/00651 and CP01/3058 from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS), Ministerio de Sanidad+3 种基金from the Plan Nacional, Ministerio de Educación y Cienciasupported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ (CP06/00341)supported by a predoctoral fellowship (FI06/00651) from the Spanish Health Ministrysupported by a Colciencias International PhD Scholarship (Grant: 529/2011),from the Fund for science and technology of Colombian Ministry of Education
文摘Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM(chloroform,bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents(METs). Gene expression in whole blood m RNA was evaluated using Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression-Bead Chip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m^3 for exhaled total THM(sum of the four THM).Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m^3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate(Log-fold change range:-0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies.