The Assessment of Heavy Rains in the Region of Annaba （NE Algeria） to Improve Extreme Flood Forecasting ,, Use of Depth-Duration-Frequency Curves

The knowledge of space and time distribution of short duration rainfall depths is of primary interest in hydrotechnical studies and in extreme floods modelling. This work is carried out to establish a ＂DDF （Depth-Duration-Frequency）＂ relationship for the region of Annaba （Northeast of Algeria） through the examples of Pont Bouchet （El Hadjar）, Ain Berda and Chafia-Dam rainfall gauges. The results of the frequency study of stochastically generated annual series （Pearson＇s distribution type III model） and the regression analysis （least square method） permitted to develop a master curve that well describes heavy rainfalls distribution in the Annaba region. This 2-parameter model is used to predict, with sufficient accuracy, the amount of rain that could be recorded over a shorter duration from daily rainfall data in basins that lack recording rain gauges.

Antimicrobial Activity of Stainless Steel with a Modified Tin Upperlayer on Meat Related Contaminants

Advanced material with antibacterial properties would be a promising way to improve the disinfection process in food plants. Our objective was to combine the bactericidal effect of TiO2 with the mechanical strength of TiN coatings. A TiO2 rutile film was obtained after annealing of a supplied 316 stainless steel with a TiN coating. This TiO2 upperlayer displays a photocatalytic activity under UV light exposure. The substrates with the TiN coating and the TiO2 upperlayer are more hydrophobic than the 316 control. The adhesion of either Listeria or Pseudomonas, on 316-TIN is characterized by the presence of clusters of cells, while the oxidation of the TiN surface leads to a more hydrophilic layer where cells are individualized. After UV illumination of the adherent cells and subsequent growth, the residual bacterial population present on 316-TIO2 is lower than that present on the 316-TIN. The bactericidal effect is more important on Listeria than on Pseudomonas.

C_(60)-TTF及Ru-oligothienylacetylide复合物的设计合成:新型非线性光诱导效应纳米材料(英文)

Nonlinear optics has been the subject of intensive research because of its wide applications in field of photonics, nanophotonics [1] and optoelectroncs such as optical signal processing, broad-band optical communications, integrated optics, optical sensing, optical poling, optical limiting, optical computing etc. A common problem in the laser technology is the protection of human eye and optical sensors from the damaging effects of high-energy light. Passive optical limiters can be the solution of this kind of problems.So optical materials with large coefficients of TPA and nonlinear refraction are of prime importance in optical limiting applications. Recently the C_ 60-TTF have attracted much attention because of their three-dimensional π-electron conjugated systems which makes them promising as new limiting materials [2]. Two-photon absorption, second harmonic generation (SHG), detection of phase transition using photoinduced nonlinear effects and illustration of new system for optical recording and erasing of holograms under weak laser illumination will be discussed. In other hand a series of new Donor-π-Acceptor ruthenium acetylide systems built around thiophene-based π-conjugating spacers has been developed and studied, in terms of the oligothienyl chain length. Comparison of the linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of these Donor-π-Acceptor chromophores shows that the elongation of the spacer and introduction of a double bond in this spacer produces a considerable bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum together with a dramatic enhancement of the molecular cubic hyperpolarizability in these systems. Finally, acoustically induced second harmonic generation (AISHG) has been observed for thin films of these complexes incorporated in PMMA matrices, which reaches values among the highest, reported so far.

GenoDrawing:An Autoencoder Framework for Image Prediction from SNP Markers

Advancements in genome sequencing have facilitated whole-genome characterization of numerous plant species,providing an abundance of genotypic data for genomic analysis.Genomic selection and neural networks(NNs),particularly deep learning,have been developed to predict complex traits from dense genotypic data.Autoencoders,an NN model to extract features from images in an unsupervised manner,has proven to be useful for plant phenotyping.This study introduces an autoencoder framework,GenoDrawing,for predicting and retrieving apple images from a low-depth single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array,potentially useful in predicting traits that are difficult to define.GenoDrawing demonstrates proficiency in its task using a small dataset of shape-related SNPs.Results indicate that the use of SNPs associated with visual traits has substantial impact on the generated images,consistent with biological interpretation.While using substantial SNPs is crucial,incorporating additional,unrelated SNPs results in performance degradation for simple NN architectures that cannot easily identify the most important inputs.The proposed GenoDrawing method is a practical framework for exploring genomic prediction in fruit tree phenotyping,particularly beneficial for small to medium breeding companies to predict economically substantial heritable traits.Although GenoDrawing has limitations,it sets the groundwork for future research in image prediction from genomic markers.Future studies should focus on using stronger models for image reproduction,SNP information extraction,and dataset balance in terms of phenotypes for more precise outcomes.

Hyperbolic-parabolic deformations of rational maps Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Lei Tan

We develop a Thurston-like theory to characterize geometrically finite rational maps, and then apply it to study pinching and plumbing deformations of rational maps. We show that under certain conditions the pinching path converges uniformly and the quasiconformal conjugacy converges uniformly to a semi-conjugacy from the original map to the limit. Conversely, every geometrically finite rational map with parabolic points is the landing point of a pinching path for any prescribed plumbing combinatorics.

The ABA-Deficiency Suppressor Locus HAS2 Encodes the PPR Protein LOI1/MEF11 Involved in Mitochondrial RNA Editing

The hotABA-deficiency suppressor2 （has2） mutation increases drought tolerance and the ABA sensitivity of stomata closure and seed germination. Here we report that the HAS2 locus encodes the MITOCHONDRIAL EDITING FACTOR11 （MEF11）, also known as LOVASTATIN INSENSITIVE1. has21mef11 mutants exhibited phenotypes very similar to the ABA-hypersensitive mutant, hail-1 pp2ca-1 hab 1-1 abil-2, which is impaired in four genes encoding type 2C protein phosphatases （PP2C） that act as upstream negative regulators of the ABA signaling cascade. Like pp2c, mef11 plants were more resistant to progressive water stress and seed germination was more sensitive to paclobutrazol （a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor） as well as mannitol and NaCI, compared with the wild-type plants. Phenotypic alterations in mef11 were associated with the lack of editing of transcripts for the mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation FN2 （cCmFN2） gene, which encodes a cytochrome c-heme lyase subunit involved in cytochrome c biogenesis. Although the abundance of electron transfer chain complexes was not affected, their dysfunction could be deduced from increased respiration and altered production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in reef11 seeds. As minor defects in mitochondrial respiration affect ABA signaling, this suggests an essential role for ABA in mitochondrial retrograde regulation.

Physics-based algorithm to simulate tree dynamics under wind load

Rapid development in the different computer science fields during the recent decades has facilitated the creation of new applications in the area of dynamic simulation of plant development.Among these new applications,simulation of trees swaying in the wind is of great importance,as those computer graphics related areas,e.g.,computer games,tree cultivation and forest management simulations,help a lot in revealing the mechanisms of tree dynamics under wind load.However,it is a big challenge to balance the effect of visualization in real time and calculation efficiency for any simulation algorithm.A physics-based algorithm to simulate tree dynamics under wind load was proposed in this study.A mechanistic model simulating the bending of a cantilever beam was used within the algorithm to simulate deformation of stems,and the algorithm was integrated with a landscape model in which different types of trees were constructed with an L-system-based formalism.Simulation results show that realistic dynamic effects can be achieved with reasonably high computational efficiency.

Rational maps as Schwarzian primitives

We examine when a meromorphic quadratic differential φ with prescribed poles is the Schwarzian derivative of a rational map. We give a necessary and sufficient condition: In the Laurent series of φ around each pole c, the most singular term should take the form(1- d2)/(2(z- c)2), where d is an integer, and then a certain determinant in the next d coefficients should vanish. This condition can be optimized by neglecting some information on one of the poles(i.e., by only requiring it to be a double pole). The case d = 2 was treated by Eremenko(2012). We show that a geometric interpretation of our condition is that the complex projective structure induced by φ outside the poles has a trivial holonomy group. This statement was suggested to us by Thurston in a private communication. Our work is related to the problem of finding a rational map f with a prescribed set of critical points, since the critical points of f are precisely the poles of its Schwarzian derivative.Finally, we study the pole-dependency of these Schwarzian derivatives. We show that, in the cubic case with simple critical points, an analytic dependency fails precisely when the poles are displaced at the vertices of a regular ideal tetrahedron of the hyperbolic 3-ball.