Different modification methods and software programs were developed to obtain accurate local geoid models in the past two decades.The quantitative effect of the main factors on the accuracy of local geoid modeling is ...Different modification methods and software programs were developed to obtain accurate local geoid models in the past two decades.The quantitative effect of the main factors on the accuracy of local geoid modeling is still ambiguous and has not been clearly diagnosed yet.This study presents efforts to find the most influential factors on the accuracy of the local geoid model,as well as the amount of each factor’s effect quantitatively.The methodology covers extracting the quantitative characteristics of 16 articles regarding local geoid models of different countries.The Statistical Package of Social Sciences(SPSS)software formulated a strong multiple regression model of correlation coefficient r = 0.999 with a high significance coefficient of determination R^2 = 0.997 and adjusted R^2 = 0,98 for the required effective factors.Then,factor analysis is utilized to extract the dominant factors which include:accuracy of gravity data(40%),the density of gravity data(25%)(total gravity factors is 65%),the Digital Elevation Model(DEM)resolution(16%),the accuracy of GPS/leveling points(10%)and the area of the terrain of the country/state under the study(9%).These results of this study will assist in developing more accurate local geoid models.展开更多
The paper aims to investigate the SVA (subject-verb agreement) errors made by the fourth semester (year two) diploma students at a public university in Malaysia. The samples are taking their EOP (English for Occu...The paper aims to investigate the SVA (subject-verb agreement) errors made by the fourth semester (year two) diploma students at a public university in Malaysia. The samples are taking their EOP (English for Occupational Purposes) (BEL 312) subjects. Their proposals which are part of their course assessment serve as the instruments for the study. The proposals are collected and analyzed. Five types of errors analyzed are the SVA of person, the SVA of number, the agreement with coordinated subject, the agreement with indefinite expressions of amount, and the notional agreement and proximity. The results reveal that these students who have spent almost 12 years learning English still possess problems in their use of SVA. Remedial actions/courses should be taken to emphasize the major areas of errors the students faced with.展开更多
Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) systems can provide low-cost decentralized water to urban and rural households that have no access to treated water.These systems are considered the key strategic adoption measures ...Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) systems can provide low-cost decentralized water to urban and rural households that have no access to treated water.These systems are considered the key strategic adoption measures for communities affected by climate change.Roofing materials,roofing conditions,roofing geometry,weather conditions,and land use/land cover (LULC) conditions can significantly affect the quality of RRWH.Therefore,the effects of these factors on RRWH quality must be analyzed carefully.Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) have been widely used in urban environmental analysis.However,these technologies have never been used to analyze,map,and model the effect of various factors on RRWH quality.This review determines the research gaps in the use of geospatial technologies in estimating RRWH quality and simulate the implications of roofing materials and roofing surface conditions towards the urban environment.An approach for the integrated use of remote sensing and GIS to assess the quality of RRWH is also proposed.展开更多
文摘Different modification methods and software programs were developed to obtain accurate local geoid models in the past two decades.The quantitative effect of the main factors on the accuracy of local geoid modeling is still ambiguous and has not been clearly diagnosed yet.This study presents efforts to find the most influential factors on the accuracy of the local geoid model,as well as the amount of each factor’s effect quantitatively.The methodology covers extracting the quantitative characteristics of 16 articles regarding local geoid models of different countries.The Statistical Package of Social Sciences(SPSS)software formulated a strong multiple regression model of correlation coefficient r = 0.999 with a high significance coefficient of determination R^2 = 0.997 and adjusted R^2 = 0,98 for the required effective factors.Then,factor analysis is utilized to extract the dominant factors which include:accuracy of gravity data(40%),the density of gravity data(25%)(total gravity factors is 65%),the Digital Elevation Model(DEM)resolution(16%),the accuracy of GPS/leveling points(10%)and the area of the terrain of the country/state under the study(9%).These results of this study will assist in developing more accurate local geoid models.
文摘The paper aims to investigate the SVA (subject-verb agreement) errors made by the fourth semester (year two) diploma students at a public university in Malaysia. The samples are taking their EOP (English for Occupational Purposes) (BEL 312) subjects. Their proposals which are part of their course assessment serve as the instruments for the study. The proposals are collected and analyzed. Five types of errors analyzed are the SVA of person, the SVA of number, the agreement with coordinated subject, the agreement with indefinite expressions of amount, and the notional agreement and proximity. The results reveal that these students who have spent almost 12 years learning English still possess problems in their use of SVA. Remedial actions/courses should be taken to emphasize the major areas of errors the students faced with.
文摘Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) systems can provide low-cost decentralized water to urban and rural households that have no access to treated water.These systems are considered the key strategic adoption measures for communities affected by climate change.Roofing materials,roofing conditions,roofing geometry,weather conditions,and land use/land cover (LULC) conditions can significantly affect the quality of RRWH.Therefore,the effects of these factors on RRWH quality must be analyzed carefully.Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) have been widely used in urban environmental analysis.However,these technologies have never been used to analyze,map,and model the effect of various factors on RRWH quality.This review determines the research gaps in the use of geospatial technologies in estimating RRWH quality and simulate the implications of roofing materials and roofing surface conditions towards the urban environment.An approach for the integrated use of remote sensing and GIS to assess the quality of RRWH is also proposed.