Equi-Quantity, Equi-Calorie and Dose of Rice on Relative Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in Diabetic Patients

Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with high blood sugar level. The postprandial glycemic impact of foods depends on the insulin status, which is deranged completely in a type 2 diabetic person. Dietary management of this group largely focuses on the low glycemic index (GI) food, based on equi-carbohydrate comparison, to keep the blood sugar level close to normal. But we consume whole food, along with other co-nutrients, moisture, fibre etc. The present study is aiming to assess the impact of main staple food rice with regards to Equi-Quantity, Equi-Calorie and Dose on relative glycemic and insulinemic response in diabetic patients as compared to normal group. Method: Blood samples of diabetic patients with stable blood sugar under medicinal treatment and paired normal patients (n = 6 + 6) were collected after an overnight fast and up to 2 hours post consumption of test and standard food on different occasions. Glucose and insulin levels were measured using glucometer (Abbott pharmaceuticals) and ECLIA method. Result: Equi-quantity of rice exerts a much lower glycemic and insulinemic response in comparison with bread in both normal and diabetic individuals and the response to rice does not show a proportional increase even when the quantities are doubled. Rice has higher moisture content which acts as energy diluent, decreasing the total starch in equivalent quantities. Equi-calorie (132 kcal) quantity comparison of rice (100 g) and bread (50 g) showed a much lower glycemic and insulinemic impact on rice in diabetic individuals, even though quantity is double and satiety level reaches earlier than low moisture food bread in equi-calorie quantity. The normal individuals, with normal insulin response can control the glycemic response to lower levels than those of diabetic subject. Conclusion: Rice having lower glycemic and insulinemic impact is a better suited food for diabetic individuals who already have a compromised insulin status.

The Role of Dihydroresveratrol in Enhancing the Synergistic Effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius Liol and Resveratrol in Ameliorating Colitis in Mice

Currently approved therapeutical strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)suffer from variable efficacy and association with risk of serious side effects.Therefore,efforts have been made in searching for alternative therapeutics strategies utilizing gut microbiota manipulation.In this study,we show that the probiotic strain Ligilactobacillus salivarius Li01(Li01)and the phytochemical prebiotic resveratrol(RSV)have synergistic effect in ameliorating colitis in mice.Oral coadministration of Li01(109 CFU/d)and RSV(1.5 g/kg/d)promoted restoration of various inflammatory injuries and gut microbiota composition,exhibiting a favorable anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis mice.The combination treatment was associated with reductions in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1βand IL-6 and increases in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A in mouse serum.Moreover,the combination treatment was found to alter the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota,especially influencing the production of short chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory related molecules.The mechanism underlying the improved anti-inflammatory effect from the RSV and Li01 combination treatment was found to be associated with the environmental sensor mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)and tryptophan metabolism pathway.Administration of RSV in combination with Li01 in different mouse model led to enhanced conversion of RSV into metabolites,including dihydroresveratrol(DHR),resveratrol-sulfate,and resveratrol-glucuronide.DHR was found to be the dominant metabolite of RSV in conventional and colitis mice.An increased DHR/RSV ratio was confirmed to activate AHR and contribute to an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect.DHR is considered as a potential AHR ligand.The DHR/RSV ratio also affected the serotonin pathway by controlling the expression of Tph1,SERT,and 5-HT7R leading to amelioration of colitis in mice.Our data suggest that treatment with a combination of Li01 and RSV has potential as a therapeutic strategy for IBD;further investigation of this combination in clinical settings is warranted.