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太阳紫外辐射增加对人类健康的影响 被引量:2
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作者 Janice D.Longstreth Frank.R.deGruijl +3 位作者 Margaret L.Kripke Yukio Takizawa Jan C.van der Leun 王寅辉 《人类环境杂志》 1995年第3期153-154,共2页
伴随着平流层臭氧耗损,UV-B辐射增加对人类健康将可能有很大的影响。潜在的危险包括眼病、皮肤癌和传染病发生率的增加。对某些形响(例如皮肤癌)的危害性的定量估计是可能的,而对另外一些影响(例如传染病),由于缺乏足够的资料,定量估计... 伴随着平流层臭氧耗损,UV-B辐射增加对人类健康将可能有很大的影响。潜在的危险包括眼病、皮肤癌和传染病发生率的增加。对某些形响(例如皮肤癌)的危害性的定量估计是可能的,而对另外一些影响(例如传染病),由于缺乏足够的资料,定量估计是不可能的。在实验系统中显示,UV辐射损伤眼角膜和眼的晶状体。生命期长期积累的高剂量UV-B辐射是与皮质型及后囊下型白内障危害相联系的几个原因之一。臭氧耗损对白内障的影响已做了估计,但仍十分不确定。这些估计指出当臭氧减少l%白内障的增加0.5%。免疫系统的某些成分存在于皮肤中,使得免疫系统易受UV辐射的影响。在动物身上的试验表明,UV照晒能降低对皮肤癌、传染物和其它抗原的免疫反应,重复照晒还可能导致免疫反应丧失。抑制免疫既可以局部出现在太阳照射皮肤处,也可系统性地出现在非太阳照射部位。在人体上的研究也指出,UV-B辐射能抑制某些免疫反应的产生,并可能造成免疫功能系统性的改变。这些免疫影响,相对于人传染病的重要性是未知的。然而,在传染病对人的健康是主要威胁的地区以及在免疫功能已受到抑制的人群中,UV-B引起的免疫抑制的损害增加可能是很大的。在敏感的白皮肤人群中,生命期UV-B累积照晒对非黑瘤皮肤癌(NM-SC)的发展是个关键的危险因素。这一知识已允许我们对臭氧损失引起的NMSC发生率增长的危险性作定量估计。使用来源于动物试验和人流行性病学的资料,我们估计,平流层臭氧1%持续性的减少将会导致 NMSC发生率增加约 2%。UV-B照晒与黑瘤皮肤癌之间的关系更为少知,而且它似乎与 NMSC的那种关系根本不同,不同点在于,它实际上不是生命期积累剂量的一个函数,但可能与高剂量照晒(如晒伤)的多次累积作用相联系。流行性病学资料指出,随着强日光照晒(即,晒伤)事件的增加,黑色瘤危险性将增加,尤其是儿童。然而,这些曝晒和黑瘤之间的关系如何模型化以使得由于臭氧耗损造成的黑瘤增加估计得更准确,这点是没有把握的。 展开更多
关键词 太阳 紫外辐射增加 人类 健康
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常规胸部X线拍片检查在跨国领养子女医学筛查中的应用价值
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作者 Bakker J. Horsthuis K. +1 位作者 Cobelens F.G.J. 张振 《世界核心医学期刊文摘(儿科学分册)》 2006年第A03期8-8,共1页
Aim: To assess the value of the routine chest radiography as part of the medical evaluation of newly arrived, internationally adopted children. Methods: We evaluated the use of routine chest radiography (CXR) in the m... Aim: To assess the value of the routine chest radiography as part of the medical evaluation of newly arrived, internationally adopted children. Methods: We evaluated the use of routine chest radiography (CXR) in the medical screening of 1598 internationally adopted children. Results: CXR showed abnormalities in 128 cases: 38 of these findings were already known and/or consistent with obvious clinical signs or symptoms, and 54 had no clinical relevance. In two patients, CXR raised the suspicion of tuberculosis. Conclusion: The routine use of CXR in the screening of internationally adopted children rarely yields new, clinically relevant, information and should be performed on indication only. 展开更多
关键词 拍片检查 X线拍片 肺结核病 异常病变 临床症状
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Current status of assessment of fractional flow reserve 被引量:5
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作者 FANG Yi-min Grisana Grootenhuijs-Triyasut +1 位作者 Pieter A. Doevendans Yolande Appelman 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第6期725-731,共7页
Coronary angiography presently remains the main method tor the diagnosis and instruction of epicardial coronary disease. However, precise characterization of the significance for any given stenosis is limited by the i... Coronary angiography presently remains the main method tor the diagnosis and instruction of epicardial coronary disease. However, precise characterization of the significance for any given stenosis is limited by the inability to identify intermediate coronary lesions responsible for ischemia. In clinical practice, in addition to the assessment of the anatomical details of vessel narrowing, a more impediment to coronary precise assessment of the blood flow has become extremely important. At present, several physiological parameters have been introduced to improve discrimination in functional coronary lesion severity during cardiac catheterization. Of these parameters, myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been the most frequently used and is being increasingly applied to assess the functional significance of intermediate lesions. FFR can provide important information, both for decision making in diagnostic angiography and for monitoring and evaluating coronary interventions. 展开更多
关键词 coronary angiography fractional flow reserve STENT ADENOSINE
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