On Gravitational Waves: Did We Simply Detect the Gravitational Effect of the Sun on the Photons Moving in the Cavity of Interferometers LIGO and VIRGO?

On September 14, 2015 09:50:45 UTC, the two laser interferometers of the LIGO program simultaneously observed a first gravitational wave signal called GW150914. With the commissioning of the VIRGO interferometer in 2017, two other detections, GW170814 and GW170817, were observed and their positions given accurately by LIGO and VIRGO. In this article, I argue that the photons circulating in the cavities of the three interferometers of LIGO and VIRGO were sensitive to the field of attraction of the planets of our Solar System and more particularly to that of the Sun, and would not be due to a coalescence of black hole or neutron stars. The shape of the signals obtained by my interaction model (called GEAR) between the photons in the interferometer cavity and the gravitational field of the Sun is very similar to that of a compact binary coalescence, identical to those obtained by general relativity. Solving the equations of GEAR also gives the exact positions and pseudo-date of the coalescences of all the LIGO and VIRGO detections detected so far, and probably those that will come at the end of 2018 and beyond.

Correlation between Central and Lateral Neck Dissection in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Objective: To determine the histopathological correlation between central and lateral neck metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and its potential therapeutic impact. Although the central neck dissection (CND) is recommended in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the indication for lateral neck dissection (LND) remains controversial. Design: Retrospective study. Methods and Main Outcome Measures: Pathological analysis of systematic ipsilateral central neck dissection (CND) and LND performed with total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma was retrospectively reviewed according to “side” and to “patient”. Results: A total of 56 sides (46 patients) were suitable for analysis. Analysis by “side” revealed that CND and LND dissection samples were both negative in 15 cases, both positive in 32, CND was positive and LND was negative for 8 cases and CND was negative and LND was positive in 1 case. The combined presence of positive LND and positive CND was therefore observed in 32/40 “sides” and 26/46 “patients”. Analysis by “side” of the impact of the treatment decision to perform ipsilateral LND only in patients with positive CND and vice versa demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97%, 65%, and 84%, respectively. Conclusions: In most cases, the presence of positive LND was associated with positive ipsilateral CND. The very low prevalence of positive LND in patients with negative CND may justify LND as a second step procedure only in patients with positive CND, except in the case of documented lateral neck metastasis.

Short term effects of fire intensity and fire regime on vegetation dynamic in a tropical humid savanna(Lamto,central Cote d’Ivoire)

We tested the effects of different fire regimes (with different fire date and fuel load) on grass growth, tree debarking and topkill in a Guinea savanna of West Africa. Different fire intensities were simulated on two plots of 3.72 ha each, delimited in two shrubby savanna of the Lamto reserve (C?te d’Ivoire). Two fire regimes were applied, the mid-season fire (January) and the late fire (April). Two fuel levels (single: C1 and double: C2) have been used. For each fire regime, fire intensity was determined. It increases with the fuel quantity (1259 ± 356 kW·m–1 and 3380 ± 1472 kW·m–1 respectively for C1 and C2). The regrowth speed of grasses is also dependent on the fuel quantity (grasses). It increases with it and is higher after the mid-season fire than the late fire. The average intensity of the mid-season fire (2966 ± 2233 kW·m–1) is not significantly different from that of the late fire (1673 ± 1124 kW·m–1). Damages or debarking caused by fire on adult trees were recorded and are linked to fire intensity. Those damages appear to initiate the external cavity observed on trees, known to be detrimental to tree trunk mechanical resistance. They generally affect adult trees of Crossopteryx febrifuga species which is also the most commonly hollowed species. Mid-season fire remains the recommanded fire regime because it insures a faster regrowth of grasses which leads to the maintenance of equilibrium between grasses and trees.

肠系膜延长术与回肠贮袋手术后造口对患病率的影响

PURPOSE: A tension-free anastomosis in a restorative proc- tocolectomy requires sufficient length of small-bowel mesentery. To ensure adequate length, it has been proposed that the superior mesenteric artery be divided and the right colon marginal vascular arcade be preserved. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of mesenteric lengthening techniques on the need for a stoma and on early outcomes after restorative proctocolectomy. METHODS: Records of patients who had a restorative proctocolectomy between January 1998 and October 2003 were reviewed. Patient and disease characteristics, operative techniques and findings, the need for a stoma, and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: In one patient a restorative proctocolectomy was not possible. The remaining 220 patients were divided into two groups: Group A (inflammatory bowel disease; n = 123) and Group B (noninflammatory bowel disease; n = 97). Sixty-nine patients (31.4 percent) had major comorbidities. A length- ening technique was performed in 120 patients (54.5 percent) by dividing the ileocecal artery (n = 37) or the superior mesenteric artery (n = 88); 5 patients had only the marginal vascular arcade preserved. An ileostomy was not required in 116 patients (52.7 percent). In multivariate analysis, in Group B the only surgical variable influencing the need for an ileostomy was preservation of the marginal vascular arcade (50 vs. 14.7 percent; P < 0.0005). Complications occurred in 41 patients (18.6 percent), more frequently for those in Group A and for patients receiving steroids (23.6 vs. 12.4 percent, P = 0.012; 10.4 vs. 6.8 percent, P = 0.0172). CONCLUSIONS: The use of mesentery lengthening techniques allows a restorative proctocolectomy to be performed in almost all patients without increasing morbidity and may reduce the number of covering stomas. Because division of the ileocecal and/or superior mesenteric arteries may be required, preservation of the marginal vascular arcade is essential whenever possible.

穿孔区域中非线性波动方程解的存在性与齐次化(英文)

本文研究如下非线性波动方程的齐次化问题 uε''div(AεΔuε) + g(uε') = fε in Ωε× (0,T),在Ωε× (0,T) 内,这里Ωε为一周期穿孔区域,g为一非降标量函数,我们首先证明该问题解的存在性与唯一性,然后论证该解收敛于其齐次化问题的解。

Geotechnical Behavior of Eastern Senegal Rock Mass Slopes by Geomechanical Classifications and Applications

In Senegal, rock mechanic studies began in last four years and were a very new engineering domain. So, the first stage is to characterize geological materials. It is on this way that this work is done. This paper analyzes geomechanical parameters of sandstones of Dindifélo and basalt of Bafoundou belonging to the Proterozoic rocks domain of eastern Senegal. By Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI), sandstones of the Dindifello Cliff show fair to poor characteristics while basalts of the hills of Bafoundou are fair quality. In addition to the qualities of rock mass, Young moduli, uniaxial compressive strengths and tensile strength of rock mass are also defined using Rock Quality Designation (RQD) GSI, RMR. Hoek-Brown parameters m and a, depend both on the fracturation and the content fine in the rock. Values of mechanical parameters are different when deduced from RMR, GSI and from intact rock laboratory test. Those differences are due to variables taken account. The variation depends also on the quality of the rock. Statistical analysis shows possible unstabilities which depend on rock mass parameters but with acceptable probability of failure. Probability of failure is the highest when deducing from Mohr criterion than from Hoek-Brown criterion.

一类Brahmagupta-Fermat-Pell方程x^2-dy^2=±1(英文)

This paper corresponds to the written versions of many lectures at several locations including the most recent one at Weinan Teachers University on June 8,2011.I would like to thank Professor Hailong Li for inviting me to publish this in the journal of his university.I wish also to express my deep gratitude to my friend Shigeru Kanemitsu,thanks to whom I could visit Weinan Teachers University,and who also came up with a written version of these notes. The topic is centered around the equation x2-dy2=±1,which is important because it produces the(infinitely many) units of real quadratic fields.This equation,where the unknowns x and y are positive integers while d is a fixed positive integer which is not a square,has been mistakenly called with the name of Pell by Euler.It was investigated by Indian mathematicians since Brahmagupta(628) who solved the case d=92,then by Bhaskara II(1150) for d=61 and Narayana(during the 14-th Century) for d=103.The smallest solution of x2-dy2=1 for these values of d are respectively 1 1512-92·1202=1, 1 766 319 0492-61·226 153 9802=1 and 227 5282-103·22 4192=1, and hence they could not have been found by a brute force search! After a short introduction to this long story of Pell's equation,we explain its connection with Diophantine approximation and continued fractions(which have close connection with the structure of real quadratic fields),and we conclude by saying a few words on more recent developments of the subject in terms of varieties.Finally we mention applications of continued fraction expansion to electrical circuits.

Hubble’s Constant and Flat Rotation Curves of Stars: Are Dark Matter and Energy Needed?

Although dark energy and dark matter have not yet been detected, they are believed to comprise the majority of the universe. Observations of the flat rotation curve of galaxies may be explained by dark matter and dark energy. This article, using Newton’s laws and Einstein’s theory of gravitation, shows that it is possible to define a new term, called E0, variable in time and space, of which one of its limits is the Hubble constant H0. I show that E0?is strongly linked to an explanation of the flat rotation curve of galaxies. This strong correlation between Hubble’s constant H0?and E0 enables us to solve the mystery of the surplus of gravity that is stabilizing the universe.

A Probabilistic Approach of the Poincaré-Bendixon Problem in Rd

We present how a probabilistic model can describe the asymptotic behavior of the iterations, with applications for ODE and approach of the Poincaré- Bendixon’s problem in Rd.

AS-Index： A Structure for String Search Using n-Grams and Algebraic Signatures

我们在场当索引，为在磁盘居民数据库的准确字符串搜索的新索引结构。当索引依靠古典转换文件结构，其主要革新基于为 n 克哈希和模式搜索使用的代数学的签名的性质是概率的搜索。明确地，我们的签名的性质允许由仅仅检查二张张贴的表执行搜索。算法因此享受要求磁盘存取的一个经常的数字的唯一的特征，独立地，从两个，模式尺寸和数据库缩放。我们在大数据集上进行广泛的实验评估我们的索引行为。他们证实获得张贴的表稳定地提供与必要的二磁盘存取成正比的搜索表演。这为在大文本的数据库要求很快的查找的应用的班使我们的结构成为兴趣的一种选择。我们描述索引结构，我们代数学的签名的使用，和搜索算法。我们基于影响我们的结构的行为的参数讨论运作的交易，并且介绍理论、试验性的性能分析。我们下次把当索引与最先进的选择作比较并且显示出那 1 )它的构造时间匹配它的竞争者的由于结构的类似， 2 )至于搜索时间，它常常超过标准途径由于签名计算补充的数据的节俭的存取，它在我们的搜索方法的核心。

Electrochemical synthesis and the functionalization of few layer graphene in ionic liquid and redox ionic liquid

Electrochemical reductive exfoliation of graphite to few layered graphene(FLG) in presence of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquid and redox ionic liquid based ferrocene has been investigated. Thus, by applying a mild negative potential(-2.7 V vs. Fc/Fc^+) to carbon electrode in ionic liquid graphene flakes could be generated. The generated materials have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. XPS and Raman analysis show that the electrochemical reductive exfoliation provides the formation of FLG. The thickness of the resulting FLG was found to be ranged between 4 and1 nm. HR-TEM images reveal the formation of few graphene layers and in some cases single graphene layer was observed.Moreover, this electrochemical route conduces to the formation of ionic liquid functionalized FLG. Finally, the reductive exfoliation was further investigated in the presence of redox ionic liquid. XPS and electrochemical measurements confirm the presence of ferrocene.