Radiation-induced acoustic computed tomography(RACT)is an evolving biomedical imaging modality that aims to reconstruct the radiation energy deposition in tissues.Traditional backprojection(BP)reconstructions carry no...Radiation-induced acoustic computed tomography(RACT)is an evolving biomedical imaging modality that aims to reconstruct the radiation energy deposition in tissues.Traditional backprojection(BP)reconstructions carry noisy and limited-view artifacts.Model-based algorithms have been demonstrated to overcome the drawbacks of BPs.However,model-based algorithms are relatively more complex to develop and computationally demanding.Furthermore,while a plethora of novel algorithms has been developed over the past decade,most of these algorithms are either not accessible,readily available,or hard to implement for researchers who are not well versed in programming.We developed a user-friendly MATLAB-based graphical user interface(GUI;RACT2D)that facilitates back-projection and model-based image reconstructions for twodimensional RACT problems.We included numerical and experimental X-ray-induced acoustic datasets to demonstrate the capabilities of the GUI.The developed algorithms support parallel computing for evaluating reconstructions using the cores of the computer,thus further accelerating the reconstruction speed.We also share the MATLAB-based codes for evaluating RACT reconstructions,which users with MATLAB programming expertise can further modify to suit their needs.The shared GUI and codes can be of interest to researchers across the globe and assist them in e±cient evaluation of improved RACT reconstructions.展开更多
Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering properties.Investigators from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfo...Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering properties.Investigators from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as an agent with optical clearing potential.We address the use of optical clearing to enhance quantitation of subsurface fluorescence emission.We employed both in vitro and in vivo model systems to study the effect of topical DMSO application on fluorescence emission.Our in vitro experiments performed on a tissue-simulating phantom suggest that DMSO-mediated optical clearing enables enhanced characterization of subsurface fluorophores.With topical DMSO application,a marked increase in fluorescence emission was observed.After 30 min,the fluorescence signal at the DMSO-treated site was 9×greater than the contralateral saline-treated site.This ratio increased to 13×at 105 min after agent application.In summary,DMSO is an effective optical clearing agent for improved fluorescence emission quantitation and warrants further study in preclinical in vivo studies.Based on outcomes from previous clinical studies on the toxicity profile of DMSO,we postulate that clinical application of DMSO as an optical clearing agent,can be performed safely,although further study is warranted.展开更多
Gross primary production(GPP)is the largest flux and a crucial player in the terrestrial carbon cycle and has been studied extensively,yet large uncertainties remain in the spatiotemporal patterns of GPP in both obser...Gross primary production(GPP)is the largest flux and a crucial player in the terrestrial carbon cycle and has been studied extensively,yet large uncertainties remain in the spatiotemporal patterns of GPP in both observations and simulations.This study evaluates the performance of the second version of the Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere−Vegetation Interaction Model(BCC_AVIM2.0)in simulating GPP on multiple spatial and temporal scales in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)experiments.Model simulations driven by two meteorological datasets were compared with two observation-based GPP products covering 1982–2008.Spatial patterns of annual GPP show a significant latitudinal gradient in each dataset,increasing from cold(tundra)and dry(desert)biomes to warm(temperate)and humid(tropical rainforest)biomes.BCC_AVIM2.0 overestimates GPP in most parts of the globe,especially in boreal forest regions and Southeast China,while underestimating GPP in subhumid regions in eastern South America and tropical Africa.The four datasets broadly agree on the GPP seasonal cycle,but BCC_AVIM2.0 predicts an earlier beginning of spring growth and a larger amplitude of seasonal variations than those in the observations.The observation-based datasets exhibit slight interannual variability(IAV)and weak GPP linear trends,while the BCC_AVIM2.0 simulations demonstrate relatively large year-to-year variability and significant trends in the low-latitudes and temperate monsoon regions in North America and East Asia.Regarding the possible relationships between annual means of GPP and climate factors,BCC_AVIM2.0 predicts more extensive regions of the globe where the IAV of annual GPP is dominated by precipitation,especially in mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and tropical Africa,while the observed GPP in the above regions is temperature-or radiation-dominant.The positive GPP biases due to earlier spring growth in boreal forest regions and negative GPP biases in off-equator tropical areas in the BCC_AVIM2.0 simulations imply that cold stress on biomes in boreal mid-to-high latitudes should be strengthened to restrain plant growth,while drought stress in low-latitude regions might be eased to enhance plant production in the future version of BCC_AVIM.展开更多
Proteins are the key players in many cellular processes. Their composition, trafficking, and interactions underlie the dynamic processes of life. Furthermore, diseases are frequently accompanied by malfunction of prot...Proteins are the key players in many cellular processes. Their composition, trafficking, and interactions underlie the dynamic processes of life. Furthermore, diseases are frequently accompanied by malfunction of proteins at multiple levels. Understanding how biological processes are regulated at the protein level is critically important to understanding the molecular basis for diseases and often shed light on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. With rapid advances in mass spectrometry(MS)instruments and experimental methodologies, MS-based proteomics has become a reliable and essential tool for elucidating biological processes at the protein level. Over the past decade, we have witnessed great expansion of knowledge of human diseases with the application of MS-based proteomic technologies, which has led to many exciting discoveries. Herein we review the recent progress in MS-based proteomics in biomedical research, including that in establishing disease-related proteomes and interactomes. We also discuss how this progress will benefit biomedical research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease.展开更多
Konjac tofu is a traditional Chinese food whose main ingredient is the water-soluble polysaccharide from konjac tubers-konjac glucomannan(KGM).Herein we report an interpenetrating double network polymeric film by cros...Konjac tofu is a traditional Chinese food whose main ingredient is the water-soluble polysaccharide from konjac tubers-konjac glucomannan(KGM).Herein we report an interpenetrating double network polymeric film by crosslinking KGM and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) with glutaraldehyde under acidic conditions.PVA was introduced into the hydrogel system as a hard skeleton,which not only maintained the biocompatibility of KGM,but also gave the hydrogel superior mechanical properties and solvent resistance.Implanting a colloidal array inside the above film,we obtained a new type of biomass based photonic crystal that is sensitive to a variety of physical and chemical stimulus,especially for methanol.This photonic crystal responds to metha nol and methanol vapo r,and has the ability to detect methanol in gasoline,which has a good application prospect.展开更多
The quasi-steady methods based on mixing models have been widely applied to flow computations of turbomachinery multi- stages in aerospace engineering. Meanwhile, the unsteady numerical simulation has also been used d...The quasi-steady methods based on mixing models have been widely applied to flow computations of turbomachinery multi- stages in aerospace engineering. Meanwhile, the unsteady numerical simulation has also been used due to its ability in obtaining time-dependent flow solutions. In the paper, two different mixing treatments and the corresponding flux balanced ones are presented to exchange the flow solutions on the interfaces between adjacent blade rows. The four mixing treatments are then used for flow computations of a subsonic 1.5-stage axial turbine and a quasi-l.5-stage transonic compressor rotor. The results are compared with those by unsteady numerical method, which is implemented by using the sliding mesh technique. The effects of the quasi-steady and unsteady computation methods on the conservation of flow solutions across the interfaces are presented and addressed. Furthermore, the influence of mixing treatments on shock wave and flow separation of the transonic compressor rotor is presented in detail. All the results demonstrate that the flux balanced mixing treatments can be used for multi-stage flow computations with improved performance on interface conservation, even in the complex flows.展开更多
In this paper,we compute a phase field(diffuse interface)model of CahnHilliard type for moving contact line problems governing the motion of isothermal multiphase incompressible fluids.The generalized Navier boundary ...In this paper,we compute a phase field(diffuse interface)model of CahnHilliard type for moving contact line problems governing the motion of isothermal multiphase incompressible fluids.The generalized Navier boundary condition proposed by Qian et al.[1]is adopted here.We discretize model equations using a continuous finite element method in space and a modified midpoint scheme in time.We apply a penalty formulation to the continuity equation which may increase the stability in the pressure variable.Two kinds of immiscible fluids in a pipe and droplet displacement with a moving contact line under the effect of pressure driven shear flow are studied using a relatively coarse grid.We also derive the discrete energy law for the droplet displacement case,which is slightly different due to the boundary conditions.The accuracy and stability of the scheme are validated by examples,results and estimate order.展开更多
4 One Cycle Control of Power Factor Corrected Rectifiers PFC rectifiers serve the same purpose as the APFs do except at lower power levels. Articles [5,6,7,14] have shown numerous three-phase topologies for rectificat...4 One Cycle Control of Power Factor Corrected Rectifiers PFC rectifiers serve the same purpose as the APFs do except at lower power levels. Articles [5,6,7,14] have shown numerous three-phase topologies for rectification. Those with a single ca-pacitor output rail are two level converters suitable for low voltage and high current operation while the others with split rails over two capacitors are threelevel converters suitable for high voltage operation. Unified control of these rectifiers was展开更多
4 One Cycle Control of Power Factor Corrected Rectifiers PFC rectifiers serve the same purpose as the APFs do except at lower power levels. Articles [5,6,7,14] have shown numerous three-phase topologies for rectificat...4 One Cycle Control of Power Factor Corrected Rectifiers PFC rectifiers serve the same purpose as the APFs do except at lower power levels. Articles [5,6,7,14] have shown numerous three-phase topologies for rectification. Those with a single ca-pacitor output rail are two level converters suitable for low voltage and high current operation while the others with split rails over two capacitors are threelevel converters suitable for high voltage operation. Unified control of these rectifiers was展开更多
基金supported by the National Institute of Health (R37CA240806)and American Cancer Society (133697-RSG-19-110-01-CCE)support from UCI Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30CA062203).
文摘Radiation-induced acoustic computed tomography(RACT)is an evolving biomedical imaging modality that aims to reconstruct the radiation energy deposition in tissues.Traditional backprojection(BP)reconstructions carry noisy and limited-view artifacts.Model-based algorithms have been demonstrated to overcome the drawbacks of BPs.However,model-based algorithms are relatively more complex to develop and computationally demanding.Furthermore,while a plethora of novel algorithms has been developed over the past decade,most of these algorithms are either not accessible,readily available,or hard to implement for researchers who are not well versed in programming.We developed a user-friendly MATLAB-based graphical user interface(GUI;RACT2D)that facilitates back-projection and model-based image reconstructions for twodimensional RACT problems.We included numerical and experimental X-ray-induced acoustic datasets to demonstrate the capabilities of the GUI.The developed algorithms support parallel computing for evaluating reconstructions using the cores of the computer,thus further accelerating the reconstruction speed.We also share the MATLAB-based codes for evaluating RACT reconstructions,which users with MATLAB programming expertise can further modify to suit their needs.The shared GUI and codes can be of interest to researchers across the globe and assist them in e±cient evaluation of improved RACT reconstructions.
基金the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation,the National Institutes of Health(EB009571,to BC)the National Institutes of Health Laser Microbeam and Medical Program(LAMMP,a P41 Technology Research Resource)the University of California,Irvine,School of Medicine.
文摘Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering properties.Investigators from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as an agent with optical clearing potential.We address the use of optical clearing to enhance quantitation of subsurface fluorescence emission.We employed both in vitro and in vivo model systems to study the effect of topical DMSO application on fluorescence emission.Our in vitro experiments performed on a tissue-simulating phantom suggest that DMSO-mediated optical clearing enables enhanced characterization of subsurface fluorophores.With topical DMSO application,a marked increase in fluorescence emission was observed.After 30 min,the fluorescence signal at the DMSO-treated site was 9×greater than the contralateral saline-treated site.This ratio increased to 13×at 105 min after agent application.In summary,DMSO is an effective optical clearing agent for improved fluorescence emission quantitation and warrants further study in preclinical in vivo studies.Based on outcomes from previous clinical studies on the toxicity profile of DMSO,we postulate that clinical application of DMSO as an optical clearing agent,can be performed safely,although further study is warranted.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604304 and 2016YFA0602100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41275075 and 91437219).
文摘Gross primary production(GPP)is the largest flux and a crucial player in the terrestrial carbon cycle and has been studied extensively,yet large uncertainties remain in the spatiotemporal patterns of GPP in both observations and simulations.This study evaluates the performance of the second version of the Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere−Vegetation Interaction Model(BCC_AVIM2.0)in simulating GPP on multiple spatial and temporal scales in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)experiments.Model simulations driven by two meteorological datasets were compared with two observation-based GPP products covering 1982–2008.Spatial patterns of annual GPP show a significant latitudinal gradient in each dataset,increasing from cold(tundra)and dry(desert)biomes to warm(temperate)and humid(tropical rainforest)biomes.BCC_AVIM2.0 overestimates GPP in most parts of the globe,especially in boreal forest regions and Southeast China,while underestimating GPP in subhumid regions in eastern South America and tropical Africa.The four datasets broadly agree on the GPP seasonal cycle,but BCC_AVIM2.0 predicts an earlier beginning of spring growth and a larger amplitude of seasonal variations than those in the observations.The observation-based datasets exhibit slight interannual variability(IAV)and weak GPP linear trends,while the BCC_AVIM2.0 simulations demonstrate relatively large year-to-year variability and significant trends in the low-latitudes and temperate monsoon regions in North America and East Asia.Regarding the possible relationships between annual means of GPP and climate factors,BCC_AVIM2.0 predicts more extensive regions of the globe where the IAV of annual GPP is dominated by precipitation,especially in mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and tropical Africa,while the observed GPP in the above regions is temperature-or radiation-dominant.The positive GPP biases due to earlier spring growth in boreal forest regions and negative GPP biases in off-equator tropical areas in the BCC_AVIM2.0 simulations imply that cold stress on biomes in boreal mid-to-high latitudes should be strengthened to restrain plant growth,while drought stress in low-latitude regions might be eased to enhance plant production in the future version of BCC_AVIM.
文摘Proteins are the key players in many cellular processes. Their composition, trafficking, and interactions underlie the dynamic processes of life. Furthermore, diseases are frequently accompanied by malfunction of proteins at multiple levels. Understanding how biological processes are regulated at the protein level is critically important to understanding the molecular basis for diseases and often shed light on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. With rapid advances in mass spectrometry(MS)instruments and experimental methodologies, MS-based proteomics has become a reliable and essential tool for elucidating biological processes at the protein level. Over the past decade, we have witnessed great expansion of knowledge of human diseases with the application of MS-based proteomic technologies, which has led to many exciting discoveries. Herein we review the recent progress in MS-based proteomics in biomedical research, including that in establishing disease-related proteomes and interactomes. We also discuss how this progress will benefit biomedical research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21874009,21804009).
文摘Konjac tofu is a traditional Chinese food whose main ingredient is the water-soluble polysaccharide from konjac tubers-konjac glucomannan(KGM).Herein we report an interpenetrating double network polymeric film by crosslinking KGM and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) with glutaraldehyde under acidic conditions.PVA was introduced into the hydrogel system as a hard skeleton,which not only maintained the biocompatibility of KGM,but also gave the hydrogel superior mechanical properties and solvent resistance.Implanting a colloidal array inside the above film,we obtained a new type of biomass based photonic crystal that is sensitive to a variety of physical and chemical stimulus,especially for methanol.This photonic crystal responds to metha nol and methanol vapo r,and has the ability to detect methanol in gasoline,which has a good application prospect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51376009&51676003)
文摘The quasi-steady methods based on mixing models have been widely applied to flow computations of turbomachinery multi- stages in aerospace engineering. Meanwhile, the unsteady numerical simulation has also been used due to its ability in obtaining time-dependent flow solutions. In the paper, two different mixing treatments and the corresponding flux balanced ones are presented to exchange the flow solutions on the interfaces between adjacent blade rows. The four mixing treatments are then used for flow computations of a subsonic 1.5-stage axial turbine and a quasi-l.5-stage transonic compressor rotor. The results are compared with those by unsteady numerical method, which is implemented by using the sliding mesh technique. The effects of the quasi-steady and unsteady computation methods on the conservation of flow solutions across the interfaces are presented and addressed. Furthermore, the influence of mixing treatments on shock wave and flow separation of the transonic compressor rotor is presented in detail. All the results demonstrate that the flux balanced mixing treatments can be used for multi-stage flow computations with improved performance on interface conservation, even in the complex flows.
基金Zhenlin Guo is partially supported by the 150th Anniversary Postdoctoral Mobility Grants(2014-15 awards)and the reference number is PMG14-1509Shuangling Dong is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51406098)And also thank the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M560967).
文摘In this paper,we compute a phase field(diffuse interface)model of CahnHilliard type for moving contact line problems governing the motion of isothermal multiphase incompressible fluids.The generalized Navier boundary condition proposed by Qian et al.[1]is adopted here.We discretize model equations using a continuous finite element method in space and a modified midpoint scheme in time.We apply a penalty formulation to the continuity equation which may increase the stability in the pressure variable.Two kinds of immiscible fluids in a pipe and droplet displacement with a moving contact line under the effect of pressure driven shear flow are studied using a relatively coarse grid.We also derive the discrete energy law for the droplet displacement case,which is slightly different due to the boundary conditions.The accuracy and stability of the scheme are validated by examples,results and estimate order.
文摘4 One Cycle Control of Power Factor Corrected Rectifiers PFC rectifiers serve the same purpose as the APFs do except at lower power levels. Articles [5,6,7,14] have shown numerous three-phase topologies for rectification. Those with a single ca-pacitor output rail are two level converters suitable for low voltage and high current operation while the others with split rails over two capacitors are threelevel converters suitable for high voltage operation. Unified control of these rectifiers was
文摘4 One Cycle Control of Power Factor Corrected Rectifiers PFC rectifiers serve the same purpose as the APFs do except at lower power levels. Articles [5,6,7,14] have shown numerous three-phase topologies for rectification. Those with a single ca-pacitor output rail are two level converters suitable for low voltage and high current operation while the others with split rails over two capacitors are threelevel converters suitable for high voltage operation. Unified control of these rectifiers was
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0106400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122039)special funds from Shandong Province for Qingdao Marine Science and Technology National Laboratory(2022QNLM010203)。
基金Supported by Grand #PO1 K36289 from the National Institutes of Health and by a postdoctoral fellowship from the California Affiliate of the American Heart Association.
基金Supported by Grant #P01 DK36829 from the National Institutes of Health by a postdoctoral fellowship from the California Affiliate of the American Heart Association.
