Global-local combined features to detect pain intensity from facial expression images with attention mechanism

The estimation of pain intensity is critical for medical diagnosis and treatment of patients.With the development of image monitoring technology and artificial intelligence,automatic pain assessment based on facial expression and behavioral analysis shows a potential value in clinical applications.This paper reports a framework of convolutional neural network with global and local attention mechanism(GLA-CNN)for the effective detection of pain intensity at four-level thresholds using facial expression images.GLA-CNN includes two modules,namely global attention network(GANet)and local attention network(LANet).LANet is responsible for extracting representative local patch features of faces,while GANet extracts whole facial features to compensate for the ignored correlative features between patches.In the end,the global correlational and local subtle features are fused for the final estimation of pain intensity.Experiments under the UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain database demonstrate that GLA-CNN outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.Additionally,a visualization analysis is conducted to present the feature map of GLA-CNN,intuitively showing that it can extract not only local pain features but also global correlative facial ones.Our study demonstrates that pain assessment based on facial expression is a non-invasive and feasible method,and can be employed as an auxiliary pain assessment tool in clinical practice.

光激发荧光谱术分析Co-Cr-Al(Y)纳米涂层的氧化 Ⅰ.Al_2O_3相的表征与相转变

磁控溅射Co—Cr—Al(Y)纳米涂层在1000,1100和1200℃氧化一定时间后,用光激发荧光谱技术表征热生长的Al2O3相.发现氧化层局部区域存在由非稳态相向稳态相的转变,即: γ→θ→α;其转变过程随温度升高显著加快,并在1200℃下变得不明显.在相同温度下,Y明显减缓Al2O3相转变过程.

光激发荧光谱术分析Co-Cr-Al(Y)纳米涂层的氧化 Ⅱ.Al_2O_3膜应力测量与分析

用光激发荧光谱术分析测量磁控溅射Co—Cr-Al(Y)纳米涂层经1000,1100和1200℃氧化后Al2O3膜中的残余应力,获得如下结果: (1)残余应力随氧化温度升高而增大; (2)暂态氧化出现的区域应力值明显低于无暂态氧化的区域; (3)两种涂层1000℃下形成的氧化膜中的残余应力相差不大,但在1100和1200℃下,含Y涂层形成的氧化膜中的残余应力比不含Y中的高.对实验结果进行了分析.

Deep-learning-based quality filtering of mechanically exfoliated 2D crystals

Two-dimensional(2D)crystals are attracting growing interest in various research fields such as engineering,physics,chemistry,pharmacy,and biology owing to their low dimensionality and dramatic change of properties compared to the bulk counter parts.Among the various techniques used to manufacture 2D crystals,mechanical exfoliation has been essential to practical applications and fundamental research.However,mechanically exfoliated crystals on substrates contain relatively thick flakes that must be found and removed manually,limiting high-throughput manufacturing of atomic 2D crystals and van der Waals heterostructures.Here,we present a deep-learning-based method to segment and identify the thickness of atomic layer flakes from optical microscopy images.Through carefully designing a neural network based on U-Net,we found that our neural network based on Unet trained only with the data based on realistically small number of images successfully distinguish monolayer and bilayer MoS2 and graphene with a success rate of 70–80%,which is a practical value in the first screening process for choosing monolayer and bilayer flakes of all flakes on substrates without human eye.The remarkable results highlight the possibility that a large fraction of manual laboratory work can be replaced by AI-based systems,boosting productivity.

The contribution of Jing-run Chen to number theory

This year(2023) is the 90th birthday of the great Chinese mathematician Jing-run Chen. It is definitely significant to recall his important contribution to mathematics. Chen's work covers various parts of analytic number theory. Here we only present two major contributions from him.

On generalized symmetries and structure of modular categories

Pursuing a generalization of group symmetries of modular categories to category symmetries in topological phases of matter, we study linear Hopf monads. The main goal is a generalization of extension and gauging group symmetries to category symmetries of modular categories, which include also categorical Hopf algebras as special cases. As an application, we propose an analogue of the classification of finite simple groups to modular categories, where we define simple modular categories as the prime ones without any nontrivial normal algebras.

Polistes metricus queens exhibit personality variation and behavioral syndromes

Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used to explore behavioral variation at both the individual and group level. Despite the suc- cess of personality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps （Vespidae） have received little to no attention in the personality literature. In the pre- sent study, we test Polistes metricus （Vespidae; Polistinae） paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used personality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exploration, and activity. Our results indicate that P. metricus queens exhibit personalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served as a model organism for a wide range of phenomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what degree, queen personality is important in their research programs.

BACH： A Bandwidth-Aware Hybrid Cache Hierarchy Design with Nonvolatile Memories

Limited main memory bandwidth is becoming a fundamental performance bottleneck in chipmultiprocessor （CMP） design. Yet directly increasing the peak memory bandwidth can incur high cost and power consumption. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a memory, a bandwidth-aware reconfigurable cache hierarchy, BACH, with hybrid memory technologies. Components of our BACH design include a hybrid cache hierarchy, a reconfiguration mechanism, and a statistical prediction engine. Our hybrid cache hierarchy chooses different memory technologies with various bandwidth characteristics, such as spin-transfer torque memory （STT-MRAM）, resistive memory （ReRAM）, and embedded DRAM （eDRAM）, to configure each level so that the peak bandwidth of the overall cache hierarchy is optimized. Our reconfiguration mechanism can dynamically adjust the cache capacity of each level based on the predicted bandwidth demands of running workloads. The bandwidth prediction is performed by our prediction engine. We evaluate the system performance gain obtained by BACH design with a set of multithreaded and multiprogrammed workloads with and without the limitation of system power budget. Compared with traditional SRAM-based cache design, BACH improves the system throughput by 58% and 14% with multithreaded and multiprogrammed workloads respectively.

阐释艺术的创新和挑战:申丹《短篇叙事小说的文体与修辞:显性情节后面的隐性进程》

申丹的新杰作《短篇叙事小说的文体与修辞:显性情节后面的隐性进程》从四个方面超出了其采用的形式主义和修辞学派的方法,提供了阐释叙事作品的一种新的框架,使我们得以挖掘情节后面的另一种叙事运动,看到作品更加复杂深刻和更为广阔的意义世界。与此同时,本书对现有批评方法提出了强有力的挑战,给叙事理论带来了新的活力,提出了许多很好的问题,给我们带来诸多启发。

Trot Gait Design and CPG Method for a Quadruped Robot

Developing efficient walking gaits for quadruped robots has intrigued investigators for years. Trot gait, as a fast locomotion gait, has been widely used in robot control. This paper follows the idea of the six determinants of gait and designs a trot gait for a parallel-leg quadruped robot, Baby Elephant. The walking period and step length are set as constants to maintain a relatively fast speed while changing different foot trajectories to test walking quality. Experiments show that kicking leg back improves body stability. Then, a steady and smooth trot gait is designed. Furthermore, inspired by Central Pattern Generators （CPG）, a series CPG model is proposed to achieve robust and dynamic trot gait. It is generally believed that CPG is capable of producing rhythmic movements, such as swimming, walking, and flying, even when isolated from brain and sensory inputs. The proposed CPG model, inspired by the series concept, can automatically learn the previous well-designed trot gait and reproduce it, and has the ability to change its walking frequency online as well. Experiments are done in real world to verify this method.

The GeoLink knowledge graph

GeoLink has leveraged linked data principles to create a dataset that allows users to seamlessly query and reason over some of the most prominent geoscience metadata repositories in the United States.The GeoLink dataset includes such diverse information as port calls made by oceanographic cruises,physical sample meta-data,research project funding and staffing,and authorship of technical reports.The data has been published according to best practices for linked data and is publicly available via a SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language(SPARQL)end point that at present contains more than 45 million Resource Description Framework(RDF)triples together with a collection of ontologies and geo-visualization tools.This article describes the geoscience datasets,the modeling and publication process,and current uses of the dataset.The focus is on providing enough detail to enable researchers,application developers and others who wish to lever-age the GeoLink data in their own work to do so.

General divisor functions in arithmetic progressions to large moduli

We prove a result on the distribution of the general divisor functions in arithmetic progressions to smooth moduli which exceed the square root of the length.

Minghui Hu and Johan Elverskog, eds., Cosmopolitanism in China, 1600-1950

In this diverse and rich collection of essays, the authors challenge a common but misleading conception about Confucianism in China, that is, that Confucianism was inward-looking, ethnocentric, and static. The essays are inspired by Joseph R. Levenson's observation that,"When Confucianism was vital, it was cosmopolitan……