Plexins and semaphorins are a large family of proteins that are involved in cell movement and response.The importance of plexins and semaphorins has been emphasized by their discovery in many organ systems including t...Plexins and semaphorins are a large family of proteins that are involved in cell movement and response.The importance of plexins and semaphorins has been emphasized by their discovery in many organ systems including the nervous(Nkyimbeng-Takwi and Chapoval,2011;McCormick and Leipzig,2012;Yaron and Sprinzak,2012),epithelial(Miao et al.,1999;Fujii et al.,2002),and immune systems(Takamatsu and Kumanogoh,2012)as well as diverse cell processes including angiogenesis(Serini et al.,2009;Sakurai et al.,2012),embryogenesis(Perala et al.,2012),and cancer(Potiron et al.,2009;Micucci et al.,2010).Plexins and semaphorins are transmembrane proteins that share a conserved extracellular semaphorin do-main(Hota and Buck,2012).The plexins and sema-phorins are divided into four and eight subfamilies respectively based on their structural homology.Semaphorins are relatively small proteins containing the extracellular semaphorin domain and short intra-cellular tails.Plexins contain the semaphorin domain and long intracellular tails(Hota and Buck,2012).The majority of plexin and semaphorin research has fo-cused on the nervous system,particularly the devel-oping nervous system,where these proteins are found to mediate many common neuronal cell processes including cell movement,cytoskeletal rearrangement,and signal transduction(Choi et al.,2008;Takamatsu et al.,2010).Their roles in the immune system are the focus of this review.展开更多
文摘Plexins and semaphorins are a large family of proteins that are involved in cell movement and response.The importance of plexins and semaphorins has been emphasized by their discovery in many organ systems including the nervous(Nkyimbeng-Takwi and Chapoval,2011;McCormick and Leipzig,2012;Yaron and Sprinzak,2012),epithelial(Miao et al.,1999;Fujii et al.,2002),and immune systems(Takamatsu and Kumanogoh,2012)as well as diverse cell processes including angiogenesis(Serini et al.,2009;Sakurai et al.,2012),embryogenesis(Perala et al.,2012),and cancer(Potiron et al.,2009;Micucci et al.,2010).Plexins and semaphorins are transmembrane proteins that share a conserved extracellular semaphorin do-main(Hota and Buck,2012).The plexins and sema-phorins are divided into four and eight subfamilies respectively based on their structural homology.Semaphorins are relatively small proteins containing the extracellular semaphorin domain and short intra-cellular tails.Plexins contain the semaphorin domain and long intracellular tails(Hota and Buck,2012).The majority of plexin and semaphorin research has fo-cused on the nervous system,particularly the devel-oping nervous system,where these proteins are found to mediate many common neuronal cell processes including cell movement,cytoskeletal rearrangement,and signal transduction(Choi et al.,2008;Takamatsu et al.,2010).Their roles in the immune system are the focus of this review.
